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1928 United States presidential election in Alabama

{{short description|none}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}

{{Main|1928 United States presidential election}}

{{Infobox election

| election_name = 1928 United States presidential election in Alabama

| country = Alabama

| type = presidential

| ongoing = no

| previous_election = 1924 United States presidential election in Alabama

| previous_year = 1924

| next_election = 1932 United States presidential election in Alabama

| next_year = 1932

| election_date = November 6, 1928

| image_size = x200px

| image1 = Unsuccessful 1928.jpg

| nominee1 = Al Smith

| party1 = Democratic Party (United States)

| home_state1 = New York

| running_mate1 = Joseph T. Robinson

| electoral_vote1 = 12

| popular_vote1 = 127,797

| percentage1 = 51.33%

| image2 = Herbert Hoover - NARA - 532049.jpg

| nominee2 = Herbert Hoover

| party2 = Republican Party (United States)

| home_state2 = California

| running_mate2 = Charles Curtis

| electoral_vote2 = 0

| popular_vote2 = 120,753

| percentage2 = 48.50%

| map_image = Alabama Presidential Election Results 1928.svg

| map_size = 300px

| map_caption = County results

{{col-begin}}

{{col-2}}

Smith

{{legend|#86b6f2|50–60%}}

{{legend|#4389e3|60–70%}}

{{legend|#1666cb|70–80%}}

{{legend|#0645B4|80–90%}}

{{legend|#002b84|90–100%}}

{{col-2}}

Hoover

{{legend|#e27f90|50–60%}}

{{legend|#cc2f4a|60–70%}}

{{legend|#d40000|70–80%}}

{{col-end}}

| title = President

| before_election = Calvin Coolidge

| before_party = Republican Party (United States)

| after_election = Herbert Hoover

| after_party = Republican Party (United States)

}}

{{Elections in Alabama sidebar}}

The 1928 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 6, 1928, as part of the 1928 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all contemporary forty-eight states. Voters chose twelve representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. This was the last election in which Alabama had twelve electoral votes: the Great Migration caused the state to lose congressional districts after the 1930 Census produced the first Congressional redistricting since 1911.

Alabama voted narrowly for the Democratic nominee, Governor Alfred E. "Al" Smith of New York, over the Republican nominee, former Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover of California. Smith's running mate was Senator Joseph Taylor Robinson of Arkansas, while Hoover's running mate was Senate Majority Leader Charles Curtis of Kansas. The only other candidate on the ballot was Socialist Norman Thomas, who received a mere 460 votes.Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections; [https://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/state.php?year=1928&fips=1&f=0&off=0&elect=0 1928 Presidential General Election Results – Alabama]

Since the 1890s, Alabama had become a one-party state ruled by the Democratic Party. Disenfranchisement of almost all African-Americans and a large proportion of poor whites via poll taxes, literacy testsPerman, Michael; Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888–1908, Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 2001, Introduction. and informal harassment had essentially eliminated opposition parties outside of presidential campaigns in a few northern hill counties. The only competitive statewide elections became Democratic Party primaries, and ever since 1900 the Democratic Party won over two-thirds of the limited number of votes cast even in presidential elections.

Between 1900 and 1924, the southern bloc had been able to veto presidential nominations by extralimital branches of the Democratic Party. This changed before the 1928 election, as most Democrats decided to sit out the convention due to their belief the party had no chance of winning the November election.Paulson, Arthur C.; Electoral Realignment and the Outlook for American Democracy; p. 61 {{ISBN|1555536670}} Consequently, Al Smith, a four-term Governor of New York, was able to win the nomination on the first ballot.

Four characteristics of Smith made him anything but an ideal candidate for Southern Democrats: he was a devout Catholic, opposed to Prohibition, linked with New York City's Tammany Hall political machine, and the son of Irish and Italian immigrants. Whilst it is generally thought that the South would have accepted a man possessing one of those characteristics,Kennedy; David M. and Cohen, Lizabeth; The American Pageant, Volume 2, p. 739 {{ISBN|1111831432}} the combination proved a bitter dose for many of Alabama's loyal Democrats. It was also thought by some, including those close to the revived Ku Klux Klan, that Smith was too friendly with blacksRappleye; Charles; Herbert Hoover in the White House: The Ordeal of the Presidency, p. 39 {{ISBN|1451648677}} and some Alabama whites unsubtly called Smith "nigger, nigger, nigger."Feldman, Glenn; Before Brown: Civil Rights and White Backlash in the Modern South; p. 270 {{ISBN|0817351345}} Nonetheless, these people did not think Hoover any safer on the race issue, although they did prefer Hoover's view on Prohibition.Feldman, Glenn; Politics, Society, and the Klan in Alabama, 1915-1949; p. 190 {{ISBN|0817309845}}

The conflict between disapproval of Smith's faith and policies on one hand and extreme traditional hostility towards the Republican Party in almost all of Alabama (the only exceptions being the historically anti-secession counties of Winston and a few populist strongholds like Chilton) produced an exceptionally bitter campaign.Feldman; Politics, Society and the Klan in Alabama; p. 168. Black Belt whites – who had controlled the state government since the disenfranchisement of blacks and poor whites – also felt Smith's social views obnoxious, especially his opposition to the Ku Klux Klan. Consequently, many of Alabama's voters swore to vote for Hoover without declaring themselves Republicans, instead calling themselves "Hoovercrats". Defections were particularly pronounced in North Alabama, where a contiguous block of counties from Birmingham northeastwards to the Tennessee border uniformly gave majorities for Hoover. Hoover also won a number of counties in the far southern coastal regions, whose soils had always proved unsuitable for cotton plantations.Key, V.O. junior; Southern Politics in State and Nation; p. 328 {{ISBN|087049435X}} On the other hand, the whites of the black belt, who were like Al Smith "wet" (opposed to prohibition of alcohol), did not bolt from the Democratic Party because of this alcohol issue and their strong view that the Democrats were the best safeguard for white supremacy.Key; Southern Politics in State and Nation; pp. 234, 319.

Results

class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
colspan="6" | 1928 United States presidential election in Alabama
colspan="2" style="width: 15em" |Party

! style="width: 17em" |Candidate

! style="width: 5em" |Votes

! style="width: 7em" |Percentage

! style="width: 5em" |Electoral votes

style="background-color:#3333FF; width: 3px" |

| style="width: 130px" | Democratic

| Al Smith

| align="right" | 127,797

| align="right" | 51.33%

| align="right" | 12

style="background-color:#FF3333; width: 3px" |

| style="width: 130px" | Republican

| Herbert Hoover

| align="right" | 120,753

| align="right" | 48.50%

| align="right" | 0

style="background-color:#CC0000; width: 3px" |

| style="width: 130px" | Socialist

| Norman Thomas

| align="right" | 460

| align="right" | 0.18%

| align="right" | 0

bgcolor="#EEEEEE"

| colspan="3" align="right" | Voter turnout (voting age)

| colspan="3" align="right" | 18.8%Gans, Curtis and Mulling, Matthew; Voter Turnout in the United States, 1788-2009, p. 383 {{ISBN|9781604265958}}

=Results by county=

width="60%" class="wikitable sortable"

! rowspan="2" |County

! colspan="2" |Al Smith
Democratic

! colspan="2" |Herbert Hoover
Republican

! colspan="2" |Norman Thomas
Socialist

! colspan="2" |Margin

! rowspan="2" |Total votes castScammon, Richard M. (compiler); America at the Polls: A Handbook of Presidential Election Statistics 1920-1964; pp. 27–28 {{ISBN|0405077114}}

style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" |#

! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" |%

! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" |#

! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" |%

! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" |#

! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" |%

! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" |#

! style="text-align:center;" data-sort-type="number" |%

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Autauga

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|883

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|56.39%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|683

| {{party shading/Republican}}|43.61%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|200

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 12.78%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1,566

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Baldwin

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,317

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|48.44%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,388

| {{party shading/Republican}}|51.05%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|14

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.51%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -71

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -2.61%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |2,719

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Barbour

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,507

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|63.48%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|845

| {{party shading/Republican}}|35.59%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|23

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.97%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|662

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 27.89%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2374

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Bibb

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,188

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|54.02%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,003

| {{party shading/Republican}}|45.61%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|8

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.36%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|185

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 8.41%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,199

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Blount

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,607

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|47.94%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,745

| {{party shading/Republican}}|52.06%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -138

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -4.12%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |3,352

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Bullock

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|699

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|73.73%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|249

| {{party shading/Republican}}|26.27%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|450

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 47.46%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 948

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Butler

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,235

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|63.86%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|699

| {{party shading/Republican}}|36.14%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|536

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 27.72%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1,934

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Calhoun

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|2,117

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|45.48%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|2,537

| {{party shading/Republican}}|54.50%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.02%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -420

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -9.02%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |4,655

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Chambers

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|999

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|36.58%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,732

| {{party shading/Republican}}|63.42%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -733

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -26.84%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |2,731

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Cherokee

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|894

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|37.05%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,515

| {{party shading/Republican}}|62.78%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|4

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.17%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -621

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -25.73%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |2,413

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Chilton

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,402

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|30.52%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|3,186

| {{party shading/Republican}}|69.37%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|5

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.11%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -1,784

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -38.85%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |4,593

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Choctaw

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,242

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|74.33%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|429

| {{party shading/Republican}}|25.67%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|813

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 48.66%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1671

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Clarke

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,662

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|63.97%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|936

| {{party shading/Republican}}|36.03%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|726

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 27.94%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,598

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Clay

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|978

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|34.10%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,889

| {{party shading/Republican}}|65.86%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.03%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -911

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -31.76%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |2,868

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Cleburne

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|794

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|41.75%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,108

| {{party shading/Republican}}|58.25%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -314

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -16.50%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |1,902

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Coffee

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,609

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|60.83%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,036

| {{party shading/Republican}}|39.17%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|573

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 21.66%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,645

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Colbert

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|2,596

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|65.75%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,249

| {{party shading/Republican}}|31.64%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|103

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|2.61%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,347

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 34.11%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 3,948

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Conecuh

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|858

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|43.53%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,113

| {{party shading/Republican}}|56.47%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -255

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -12.94%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |1,971

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Coosa

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|699

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|39.31%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,078

| {{party shading/Republican}}|60.63%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.06%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -379

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -21.32%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |1,778

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Covington

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|2,000

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|54.26%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,681

| {{party shading/Republican}}|45.60%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|5

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.14%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|319

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 8.66%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 3,686

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Crenshaw

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,314

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|57.33%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|978

| {{party shading/Republican}}|42.67%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|336

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 14.66%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,292

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Cullman

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,574

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|34.72%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|2,959

| {{party shading/Republican}}|65.28%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -1,385

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -30.56%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |4,533

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Dale

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,233

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|55.19%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,000

| {{party shading/Republican}}|44.76%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.04%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|233

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 10.43%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,234

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Dallas

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,905

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|72.96%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|705

| {{party shading/Republican}}|27.00%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.04%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,200

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 45.96%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,611

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|DeKalb

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|3,957

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|40.71%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|5,761

| {{party shading/Republican}}|59.27%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|2

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.02%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -1,804

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -18.56%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |9,720

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Elmore

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,309

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|42.49%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,770

| {{party shading/Republican}}|57.45%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|2

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.06%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -461

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -14.96%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |3,081

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Escambia

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,077

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|38.03%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,754

| {{party shading/Republican}}|61.94%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.04%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -677

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -23.91%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |2,832

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Etowah

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|2,484

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|43.70%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|3,162

| {{party shading/Republican}}|55.63%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|38

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.67%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -678

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -11.93%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |5,684

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Fayette

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,131

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|40.13%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,686

| {{party shading/Republican}}|59.83%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.04%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -555

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -19.70%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |2818

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Franklin

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|2,279

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|43.64%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|2,937

| {{party shading/Republican}}|56.24%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|6

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.11%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -658

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -12.60%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |5,222

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Geneva

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,485

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|49.20%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,533

| {{party shading/Republican}}|50.80%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -48

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -1.60%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |3,018

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Greene

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|601

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|93.91%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|39

| {{party shading/Republican}}|6.09%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|562

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 87.82%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 640

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Hale

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,048

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|72.23%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|403

| {{party shading/Republican}}|27.77%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|645

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 44.46%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1,451

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Henry

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|815

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|50.53%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|796

| {{party shading/Republican}}|49.35%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|2

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.12%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|19

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1.18%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1,613

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Houston

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|2,290

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|53.81%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,963

| {{party shading/Republican}}|46.12%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|3

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.07%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|327

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 7.69%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 4,256

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Jackson

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|2,153

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|41.03%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|3,081

| {{party shading/Republican}}|58.72%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|13

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.25%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -928

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -17.69%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |5,247

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Jefferson

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|16,735

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|47.94%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|18,060

| {{party shading/Republican}}|51.74%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|112

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.32%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -1,325

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -3.80%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |34,907

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Lamar

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,412

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|63.72%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|804

| {{party shading/Republican}}|36.28%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|608

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 27.44%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,216

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Lauderdale

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|2,763

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|67.82%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,410

| {{party shading/Republican}}|34.61%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.02%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,353

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 33.21%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 4,074

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Lawrence

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,035

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|50.59%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,008

| {{party shading/Republican}}|49.27%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|3

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.15%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|27

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1.32%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,046

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Lee

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,436

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|58.97%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,016

| {{party shading/Republican}}|41.72%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|3

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.12%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|420

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 17.25%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,435

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Limestone

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,689

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|80.58%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|407

| {{party shading/Republican}}|19.42%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,282

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 61.16%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,096

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Lowndes

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|703

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|79.61%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|180

| {{party shading/Republican}}|20.39%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|523

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 59.22%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 883

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Macon

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|526

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|59.98%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|348

| {{party shading/Republican}}|39.68%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|3

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.34%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|178

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 20.30%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 877

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Madison

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|2,681

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|49.85%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|2,695

| {{party shading/Republican}}|50.11%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|2

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.04%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -14

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -0.26%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |5,378

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Marengo

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,898

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|71.62%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|752

| {{party shading/Republican}}|28.38%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,146

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 43.24%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,650

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Marion

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,541

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|50.87%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,488

| {{party shading/Republican}}|49.13%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|53

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1.74%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 3,029

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Marshall

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|2,322

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|47.94%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|2,511

| {{party shading/Republican}}|51.84%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|11

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.23%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -189

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -3.90%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |4,844

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Mobile

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|5,965

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|54.07%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|5,058

| {{party shading/Republican}}|45.84%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|10

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.09%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|907

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 8.23%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 11,033

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Monroe

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,343

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|57.22%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,074

| {{party shading/Republican}}|45.76%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|269

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 11.46%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,347

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Montgomery

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|6,347

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|67.06%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|3,114

| {{party shading/Republican}}|32.90%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|3

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.03%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|3,233

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 34.16%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 9,464

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Morgan

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|3,366

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|45.12%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|4,085

| {{party shading/Republican}}|54.76%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|9

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.12%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -719

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -9.64%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |7,460

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Perry

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,242

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|72.97%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|459

| {{party shading/Republican}}|26.97%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.06%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|783

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 46.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1,702

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Pickens

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,028

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|61.85%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|634

| {{party shading/Republican}}|38.15%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|394

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 23.70%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1,662

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Pike

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,819

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|76.59%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|552

| {{party shading/Republican}}|23.24%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|4

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.17%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,267

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 53.35%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2,375

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Randolph

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,257

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|40.89%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,815

| {{party shading/Republican}}|59.04%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|2

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.07%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -558

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -18.15%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |3,074

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Russell

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|846

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|70.68%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|333

| {{party shading/Republican}}|27.82%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|18

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1.50%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|513

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 42.86%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1,197

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|St. Clair

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,313

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|33.70%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|2,581

| {{party shading/Republican}}|66.25%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|2

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.05%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -1,268

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -32.55%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |3,896

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Shelby

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,679

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|39.95%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|2,502

| {{party shading/Republican}}|59.53%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|22

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.52%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -823

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -19.58%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |4,203

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Sumter

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,015

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|84.16%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|191

| {{party shading/Republican}}|15.84%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|824

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 68.32%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1,206

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Talladega

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,693

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|51.18%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,602

| {{party shading/Republican}}|48.43%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|13

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.39%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|91

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 2.75%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 3,308

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Tallapoosa

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,849

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|59.51%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,257

| {{party shading/Republican}}|40.46%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.03%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|592

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 19.05%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 3,107

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Tuscaloosa

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|2,769

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|69.56%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|1,210

| {{party shading/Republican}}|30.39%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|2

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.05%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|1,559

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 39.17%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 3,981

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Walker

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|4,228

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|53.77%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|3,635

| {{party shading/Republican}}|46.23%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.00%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|593

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 7.54%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 7,863

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Washington

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|718

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|58.18%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|515

| {{party shading/Republican}}|41.73%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.08%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|203

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 16.45%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1,234

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|Wilcox

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|979

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|78.57%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|266

| {{party shading/Republican}}|21.35%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.08%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|713

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 57.22%

| {{party shading/Democratic}}| 1,246

style="text-align:center;"

| {{party shading/Republican}}|Winston

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|659

| {{party shading/Democratic}}|24.01%

| {{party shading/Republican}}|2,085

| {{party shading/Republican}}|75.96%

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|1

| {{party shading/Socialist}}|0.04%

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -1,426

| {{party shading/Republican}}| -51.95%

| {{party shading/Republican}} |2,745

Totals127,79651.33%120,72548.49%4600.18%7,0712.84%248,981

Analysis

Overall, Smith held the state by just over seven thousand votes, although opponents of Smith believed that electoral fraud was widespread in the Black Belt. State judges Hugh Locke, Horace Wilkinson and Ira Champion argued that up to seventeen thousand ballots for Hoover had been rejected.Helm, William P. (junior); 'Smith Foes Want Alabama Recount: Assert Southern "Stronghold" Went for Hoover; To Ask Congressional Action – Fraud Evidence Claimed'; The Washington Post, December 12, 1928, p. 2. No recount, however, was ever contemplated by authorities. This result constitutes the third-closest presidential election in Alabama's history after that of 1980, another Republican landslide (this time affected by the personal vote in the South for Jimmy Carter), and that of 1848, when Democratic nominee Lewis Cass won the state by 1.12 percentage points.

A strong correlation was revealed between the percentage of blacks in the population and (white) voter loyalty to the Democratic Party (with the r-value equaling 0.7268): of the twenty-six counties won by Hoover, only five had a population over thirty percent Negro, and most of these were urban areas less attached to the traditions of black belt politics, while Chambers County was the home of Hoovercrat senator J. Thomas Heflin.Key; Southern Politics in State and Nation; p. 324. At the other extreme, of the ten counties possessing populations under ten percent African American in 1930,Bunche, Ralph J.; The Political Status of the Negro in the Age of FDR, p. 65 {{ISBN|0226080285}}{{efn|Alabama counties with a 1930 population less than ten percent Negro were Blount, Cherokee, Cleburne, Cullman, DeKalb, Franklin, Jackson, Marion, Marshall and Winston. Cleburne, DeKalb, Franklin, and Winston had voted for Calvin Coolidge in 1924, whilst all these four plus Cullman voted for Warren G. Harding in 1920.}} only Marion County stayed loyal to Smith and only by a very narrow margin.

See also

Notes

{{notelist}}

References

{{reflist|2}}

{{1928 United States elections}}

{{State results of the 1928 U.S. presidential election|state=expanded}}

Alabama

1928

Category:1928 Alabama elections