1931 in the Soviet Union

The following lists events that happened during 1931 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Incumbents

1–8 March – The 1931 Menshevik Trial is held.{{cite news |date=2 March 1931 |title=NEW MASS TRIAL IN MOSCOW |work=Aberdeen Journal |publisher=British Newspaper Archive |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000577/19310302/060/0007 |url-access=subscription |accessdate=17 May 2015}}

27 April – 1931 Zangezur earthquake{{citation |author=National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) |title=Significant Earthquake Database |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929000601/http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/form?t=101650&s=1&d=1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 29, 2006 |year=1972 |type=Data Set |publisher=National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA |doi=10.7289/V5TD9V7K}}

1 January – Anatoli Ivanovich Bogdanov, Olympic shooter (died 2001)
17 January – Yury Rudov, Olympic fencer (died 2013)
21 January – Tatjana Michaylovna Zacharova, production worker, author and politician
22 January – Galina Zybina, Olympic athlete (died 2024)
1 February – Boris Yeltsin, first President of Russia (died 2007)
2 March – Mikhail Gorbachev, last leader of the Soviet Union (died 2022)
13 March – Alisa Aksyonova, museum director
23 March – Yevdokiya Mekshilo, Olympic skier
29 March – Aleksei Gubarev, cosmonaut
7 April – Lyubov Vorona, Ukrainian farm worker and politician (died 2021)
27 April – Igor Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist
25 May – Georgy Grechko, cosmonaut
25 June – Anatoli Georgievich Vitushkin, mathematician
27 June – Anatoli Ilyin, footballer
24 September – Mark Midler, Olympic fencer
28 September – Emma Yefimova, Olympic fencer
24 October – Sofia Gubaidulina, composer (died 2025)
1 November – Dmitri Bashkirov, pianist (died 2021)
21 November – Revaz Dogonadze, Georgian physicist (died 1985)

23 January – Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina, died in The Hague (born 1881)
15 August – Nigar Shikhlinskaya, first Azerbaijani nurse (born 1871 or 1878)Azerbaijani Soviet Encyclopedia (1987), vol. 10, p. 551