1940 Lima earthquake
{{Short description|Earthquake in Peru}}
{{Infobox earthquake
| name = 1940 Lima earthquake
| depth = {{cvt|45|km}}
| casualties = 179–300 dead
3,500 injured
| aftershocks = {{M|w|link=yes}} 6.6
| foreshocks =
| landslide = Yes
| tsunami = {{cvt|2|m}}
| pgv =
| pga =
| intensity = {{MMI|8}}
| damages =
| affected = Peru
| type = Megathrust
| fault = Peru-Chile Megathrust
| magnitude = 8.2 {{M|w|link=yes}}
| image =
| duration = ~1 minute
| local-time = 11:35 a.m.
| local-date = 24 May 1940
| anss-url = iscgem901374
| isc-event = 901374
| timestamp = 1940-05-24 16:33:59
| map2 = {{Location map | Peru
| AlternativeMap = Peru physical map.svg
| relief = yes
| label =
| lat = -11.094
| long = -77.487
| mark = Bullseye1.png
| marksize = 40
| position = top
| width = 250
| float =right
| caption = }}
| location = {{coord|11.094|S|77.487|W}}
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| map =
| caption =
| alt =
| citations =
}}
The 1940 Lima earthquake occurred on May 24 at 11:35 a.m. PST with a magnitude of {{M|w}}8.2 on the moment magnitude scale. Shaking from this powerful earthquake was felt throughout the country, and in Ecuador and Chile.{{Cite web|title=20th Century Earthquakes Records about Historical Earthquakes in Peru|url=https://www.limaeasy.com/earthquakes-in-peru/historical-earthquakes/20th-century-earthquakes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825170040/http://www.limaeasy.com/earthquakes-in-peru/historical-earthquakes/20th-century-earthquakes|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 25, 2013|access-date=12 Dec 2020|website=LimaEasy}} An estimated 179 to 300 people died while 3,500 left injured by the earthquake. The earthquake was centered near the coastal cities of Huacho and Huaura, about {{cvt|150|km}} north of the Peruvian capital, Lima. There was a tsunami of up to {{cvt|2|m}} that did not cause damage.{{Cite web|title=Tsunami Event Information CENTRAL PERU|url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/event-more-info/1739|access-date=12 Dec 2020|website=NGDC}}
Earthquake
The earthquake was a megathrust event, caused by a sudden slippage along a section of fault under the Peru–Chile Trench. Here, the Nazca plate subducts beneath the South American plate at a rate of {{cvt|10|cm}}/yr, this process could be seen throughout the entire west coast of South America. The interface where both plates make contact occasionally produce moderate to great earthquakes.{{Cite journal|last=Bilek|first=Susan L.|date=2009|title=Seismicity along the South American subduction zone: Review of large earthquakes, tsunamis, and subduction zone complexity|url=https://www.unavco.org/highlights/2010/pdfs/Bilek2009.pdf|journal=Tectonophysics|doi=10.1016/j.tecto.2009.02.037|volume=495|issue=1–2|pages=2–14}} During the May 1940 earthquake, it is thought that a {{cvt|162|km}} × {{cvt|71|km}} segment of the megathrust ruptured, with an average displacement of {{cvt|2.7|m}}. A maximum uplift of {{cvt|1.27|m}}, and subsidence of {{cvt|0.6|m}} was estimated.{{Cite journal|last1=Jiménez|first1=C.|last2=Moggiano|first2=N.|title=Numerical simulation of the 1940 Lima-Peru earthquake and tsunami (Mw 8.0)|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10950-019-09887-2|journal=Journal of Seismology|year=2020|volume=24|issue=1|pages=89–99|doi=10.1007/s10950-019-09887-2|bibcode=2020JSeis..24...89J|s2cid=208044199|via=SpringerLink}} The rupture area is wedged between that of the 1966 and 1974 earthquake.{{cite journal|last1=Beck|first1=Susan L.|authorlink1=Susan L. Beck|last2=Ruff|first2=Larry J.|title=Great earthquakes and subduction along the Peru trench|journal=Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors|date=1989|volume=57|issue=3–4|pages=199–224|doi=10.1016/0031-9201(89)90112-X|bibcode=1989PEPI...57..199B|hdl=2027.42/27698|url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/27698/0000084.pdf?sequence=1}}
Damage
In Lima, the devastation was great, 32 people were killed in this city alone, while in Callao, the death toll was at 58. The Lima Cathedral was badly damaged, together with several thousand buildings.{{Cite news|title=300 die in Lima earthquake|work=The Advertiser (Adelaide)|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/47194862|access-date=12 December 2020}} At Bellavista, there were 11 deaths, ten of them were children when the school they were in collapsed, and in San Miguel, two people died. Damage from the earthquake was estimated at 3.6 million Peruvian sols. The shaking was assigned a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). It was also felt in Guayaquil, Eduador and Arica, Chile.{{cite book|last1=Ferro|first1=Enrique Silgado|title=Historia de los sismos más notables ocurridos en el Perú (1513 -1974) – [Boletín C 3]|trans-title=History of the most notable earthquakes that occurred in Peru (1513 -1974) – [Bulletin C 3]|lang=es|date=1978|publisher=Instituto de Geología y Minería|number=3|series=INGEMMET. Boletín, Serie C: Geodinámica e Ingeniería Geológica|page=74|url=https://www.jorgealvahurtado.com/files/HistoriaSismosNotablesPeruSilgado.pdf}}
The destruction in Lima, Callao, Chorrillos, Barranco, Chancay and Lurín were also worsened by their poor condition and age. Some modern buildings also had damage which were attributed to the soil type they were constructed on. The Port of Callao, situated on water-logged sandy terrain was heavily damaged. Structures built on alluvial and river deposits were also affected. In Chancay, damage was comparable to Lima; two churches toppled and some dilapidated quincha buildings suffered from collapsed walls.
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBEw3u5zXrg&ab_channel=BritishMovietone LIMA EARTHQUAKE – NO SOUND] from AP Archives
- [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PzdOKmBbGIk&ab_channel=BritishPath%C3%A9 Earthquake In Peru (1940)] from British Pathé
{{Earthquakes in 1940}}
{{Earthquakes in Peru}}
Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Peru
Category:1940 in South America