1943 Filipstad explosion
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{{Use dmy dates | date=December 2024}}
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File:Filipstadulykken sett fra Bygdø.jpg
The 1943 Filipstad explosion was a fire in an ammunition store at Filipstad in Oslo on Sunday, 19 December 1943, during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany. The fire started during the unloading of ammunition from the transport ship {{SS|Selma|1924|2}}.{{cite book |title=Krigens Dagbok |chapter=Eksplosjon på Filipstad |language=no |editor=Voksø, Per |editor-link=Per Voksø |year=1984 |publisher=Det Beste |location=Oslo |isbn=82-7010-166-4 |page=384 }} The estimated amount of exploded ammunition varies from 800 to 1,200 tons. A large number of shells and grenades were tossed into the air and spread over the city. There were around 40 Norwegian casualties and around 75 Germans were killed, and 400 wounded. About 400 buildings were severely damaged.{{cite encyclopedia |title=Filipstadeksplosjonen |encyclopedia=Store norske leksikon |editor=Henriksen, Petter |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=http://www.snl.no/Filipstadeksplosjonen |language=no | access-date=19 August 2010 }}{{cite encyclopedia |first=Lars |last=Borgersrud |author-link=Lars Borgersrud |encyclopedia=Norsk krigsleksikon 1940-45 |title=Filipstad-eksplosjonen |language=no |editor=Dahl |editor-link=Hans Fredrik Dahl |editor2=Hjeltnes |editor2-link=Guri Hjeltnes |editor3=Nøkleby |editor3-link=Berit Nøkleby |editor4=Ringdal |editor4-link=Nils Johan Ringdal |editor5=Sørensen |editor5-link=Øystein Sørensen |url=http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/f/f2.html#filipstad-eksplosjonen |access-date=19 August 2010 |year=1995 |publisher=Cappelen |location=Oslo |isbn=82-02-14138-9 |pages=102–103 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104054609/http://mediabase1.uib.no/krigslex/f/f2.html#filipstad-eksplosjonen |archive-date=2010-01-04 |url-status=dead }}
Course of events
The first explosion occurred at around 14:30 local time, and killed 20 dock workers, two crane operators, several German guards and crew from Selma.Lillegaard p. 136 Workers that were not killed immediately managed to escape from the area or find shelter among large cement blocks on the wharf. The main explosion occurred two hours later, at around 16:30, when an estimated 400 tons of ammunition exploded within a few seconds, five firefighters were killed and sixteen severely injured.Lillegaard pp. 66–71 The explosive fire lasted several hours. The dangerous situation was declared over at 21:45 the same night. A nearby coal store of 20,000 tons had been set on fire and burned for three weeks.Lillegaard p. 38 The ship Selma did not explode during the Filipstad fire. The ship was towed away from Filipstad. It exploded and sank in another explosion on 11 January 1944.
Damage
The fire resulted in a large number of shells and grenades being thrown over Oslo, but most of them did not explode. The Filipstad area was severely damaged by the explosion and resulting fires. An area of about 60 decares was completely destroyed.Lillegaard pp. 134-135 A disastrous fire developed in the neighbouring districts, which was the largest fire in Oslo since the establishment of a permanent fire brigade in 1861.Lillegaard p. 133 Around 350 firefighters from Oslo and 60 from Aker participated in the firefighting operations.Lillegaard p. 134 Pressure waves resulted in glass being damaged in large areas of Oslo and Aker. According to the city architect, the amount of shattered glass was 53,000 square metres in residential houses, 28,000 square metres in offices and shops, and 9,000 square metres in public buildings such as hospitals and schools. The total amount of shattered glass was 90,000 square metres spread over 1,600 premises.Lillegaard p. 139 The effect of the explosion was felt as far the southern part of Nordmarka, where the windows of Skjennungstua were shattered.
Cause
After investigations by the German occupation authorities, the incident was declared to be an accident. It has been speculated whether the cause could have been sabotage, but no organization or person has claimed responsibility.
Notes
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References
- {{cite book |title=Filipstad i flammer 1943 |first=Leif B. |last=Lillegaard |author-link=Leif B. Lillegaard |year=1983 |orig-year=1963 |publisher=Ernst G. Mortensens forlag |location=Oslo |language=no |isbn=82-527-0728-9}}
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Category:1940s fires in Europe
Category:December 1943 in Europe
Category:Military history of Norway during World War II