1945 Canadian federal election
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1945 Canadian federal election
| country = Canada
| flag_year = 1921
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| party_colour = no
| party_name = no
| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 1945 Canadian federal election
| previous_election = 1940 Canadian federal election
| previous_year = 1940
| next_election = 1949 Canadian federal election
| next_year = 1949
| seats_for_election = 245 seats in the House of Commons
| majority_seats = 123
| turnout = 75.3%{{cite web|title=Voter Turnout at Federal Elections and Referendums
|url=http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=ele&dir=turn&document=index&lang=e|website=Elections Canada|access-date=10 March 2019}} ({{increase}} 5.4 pp)
| election_date = June 11, 1945
| elected_members = 20th Canadian Parliament
| outgoing_members = 19th Canadian Parliament
| image_size = x160px
| image1 = Wm Lyon Mackenzie King (cropped).jpg
| colour1 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|nohash}}
| leader1 = W. L. Mackenzie King
| leader_since1 = August 7, 1919
| party1 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|name}}
| leaders_seat1 = Prince Albert
(lost re-election)
| last_election1 = 179 seats, 51.32%
| seats1 = 118
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 61
| popular_vote1 = 2,086,545
| percentage1 = 39.78%
| swing1 = {{decrease}} 11.54 pp
| image2 = John Bracken in the Toronto Star, 1947.jpg
| colour2 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|PC|nohash}}
| leader2 = John Bracken
| leader_since2 = December 11, 1942
| party2 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|PC|name}}
| leaders_seat2 = Neepawa
| last_election2 = 39 seats, 29.24%
| seats2 = 66
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 27
| popular_vote2 = 1,448,744
| percentage2 = 27.62%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 2.79 pp
| image3 = Major James Coldwell (cropped).jpg
| colour3 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|CCF|nohash}}
| leader3 = M. J. Coldwell
| leader_since3 = March 22, 1942
| party3 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|CCF|name}}
| leaders_seat3 = Rosetown—Biggar
| last_election3 = 8 seats, 8.42%
| seats3 = 28
| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 20
| popular_vote3 = 815,720
| percentage3 = 15.55%
| swing3 = {{increase}} 7.31 pp
| image4 = Solon Earl Low (cropped2).jpg
| colour4 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Social Credit|nohash}}
| leader4 = Solon Earl Low
| leader_since4 = April 6, 1944
| party4 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Social Credit|name}}
| leaders_seat4 = Peace River
| last_election4 = 10 seats, 2.59%
| seats4 = 13
| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 3
| popular_vote4 = 212,220
| percentage4 = 4.05%
| swing4 = {{increase}} 1.46 pp
| image5 = Maxime Raymond (cropped).jpg
| colour5 = {{Canadian party colour|QC|Bloc populaire|nohash}}
| leader5 = Maxime Raymond
| leader_since5 = February 10, 1943
| party5 = {{Canadian party colour|QC|Bloc populaire|name}}
| leaders_seat5 = Beauharnois—Laprairie
| last_election5 = New party
| seats5 = 2
| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 2
| popular_vote5 = 172,765
| percentage5 = 3.29%
| swing5 = New party
| image6 = TimBuck (cropped).jpg
| colour6 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Labor-Progressive|nohash}}
| leader6 = Tim Buck
| leader_since6 = 1929
| party6 = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Labor-Progressive|name}}3
| leaders_seat6 = Ran in Trinity (lost)
| last_election6 = 0 seats, 0.19%
| seats6 = 1
| seat_change6 = {{increase}} 1
| popular_vote6 = 111,892
| percentage6 = 2.13%
| swing6 = {{increase}} 1.94 pp
| map = {{Switcher
| 350px
| Results by electoral district, shaded by winners' vote share
| 350px
| Results by province and territory}}
| title = Prime Minister
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = William Lyon Mackenzie King
| before_party = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|name}}
| after_election = William Lyon Mackenzie King
| after_party = {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|name}}
| map2_image = Chambre des Communes 1945.png
| map2_size = 380px
| map2_caption = The Canadian parliament after the 1945 election
}}
The 1945 Canadian federal election was held on June 11, 1945, to elect members of the House of Commons of the 20th Parliament of Canada. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King's Liberals won a third term. The party fell five seats short of a majority but was able to rule as a majority government with the support of Independent Liberal MPs.
Since 1939, Canada had been fighting in World War II. In May 1945, the war in Europe ended, allowing King to call an election. As the war in Asia was still raging on, King promised a voluntary force to fight in Operation Downfall, the planned invasion of Japan, while Progressive Conservative Party (PC Party) leader John Bracken promised conscription, which was an unpopular proposal and led to the PCs' third consecutive defeat. The Liberals were also re-elected because of their promise to expand welfare programs. However, they also lost about a third of their seats; this stark decline in support was partly attributed to their introduction of conscription in 1944 (which was unpopular in Quebec, paving the rise of the Bloc Populaire){{cite DCB |first=H. Blair |last=Neatby |title=King, William Lyon Mackenzie |volume=17 |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/king_william_lyon_mackenzie_17E.html |access-date=July 25, 2022}} as well as the breakthrough of the democratic socialist Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), which campaigned on an even bigger expansion of the welfare state than the Liberals. The Social Credit Party made modest gains.
Although the election officially resulted in a minority government, the election of eight "Independent Liberal" MPs, most of whom did not run as official Liberals because of their opposition to conscription, gave the King government an effective working majority in parliament. Most of the Independent Liberal MPs joined (or re-joined) the Liberal caucus following World War II when the conscription issue became moot. As King was defeated in his own riding of Prince Albert, fellow Liberal William MacDiarmid, who was re-elected in the safe seat of Glengarry, resigned so that a by-election could be held, which was subsequently won by King.{{cite DCB |first=H. Blair |last=Neatby |title=King, William Lyon Mackenzie |volume=17 |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/king_william_lyon_mackenzie_17E.html |access-date=July 20, 2015}}
Background
In the 1935 election, the Liberal Party led by William Lyon Mackenzie King returned to power (King's Liberals had previously governed Canada from 1921 to 1930) with a landslide majority government. The King government's success in combatting the Great Depression led to their second landslide majority victory in the 1940 election. From 1939 to 1945, the King government's main priority was aiding the Allies in World War II.
In the period leading up to the election, the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation was rising in popularity. A Gallup poll from September 1943 showed the CCF with a one-point lead over both the Liberals and Progressive Conservatives. Many predicted a major breakthrough for the CCF nationally and the party was expected to win 70 to 100 seats, possibly even enough to form a minority government. In the Saskatchewan provincial election, the CCF won a landslide victory, forming a provincial government for the first time.
In 1942, members of the Conservative Party held the Port Hope Conference, which established several Conservative goals including support for free enterprise and conscription, and more radical policies such as full-employment, low-cost housing, trade union rights, as well as a whole range of social security measures, including a government financed medicare system. Progressive Party Premier of Manitoba John Bracken became the Conservative Party's leader that same year, and changed the party's name to the Progressive Conservative Party as a result of this policy shift.[https://books.google.com/books?id=0pFYBSaxB_wC&pg=PA57&dq=Port+Hope+Conference&lr=&ei=diPpSKHlzDIyuyASxy-jIAw&sig=ACfU3U0m3aUj8UUlwB-xQVcVRqykru486Q#PPA57,M1 The Essentials of Canadian History: Pre-colonization to 1867-the Beginning ... – Terence Allan Crowley, Rae Murphy – Google Boeken]. Books.google.com. Retrieved on April 12, 2014.
Campaign
=Liberals=
A key issue in this election seems to have been electing a stable government. The Liberals urged voters to "Return the Mackenzie King Government", and argued that only the Liberal Party had a "preponderance of members in all nine provinces". Mackenzie King threatened to call a new election if he was not given a majority: "We would have confusion to deal with at a time when the world will be in a very disturbed situation. The war in Europe is over, but unrest in the east is not over."
Social welfare programs were also an issue in the campaign. Another Liberal slogan encouraged voters to "Build a New Social Order" by endorsing the Liberal platform, which included
- $750 million to provide land, jobs and business support for veterans;
- $400 million of public spending to build housing;
- $250 million for family allowances;
- establishing an Industrial development Bank;
- loans to farmers, floor prices for agricultural products;
- tax reductions.
=Progressive Conservatives=
The Progressive Conservatives tried to capitalize on the massive mid-campaign victory by the Ontario Progressive Conservative Party in the 1945 Ontario provincial election. PC campaign ads exhorted voters to rally behind their party: "Ontario shows! Only Bracken can win!", and suggesting that it would be impossible to form a majority government in the country without a plurality of seats in Ontario, which only the Tories could win.
Operation Downfall, the invasion of Japan, was scheduled for late 1945-early 1946. Bracken had promised conscription for the invasion of Japan whereas King had promised to commit one division of volunteers to the planned invasion of Japan.Morton, Desmond A Military History of Canada, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1999 page 223-224. Based on the way that the Japanese had fought the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa it was widely expected that the invasion of the Japanese home islands would be a bloody campaign, and Bracken's promise of conscription for the planned invasion of Japan did much to turn voters against his party.
Despite the party's performance ultimately being their best since R.B. Bennett's government was ousted in a landslide a decade previously, Bracken was widely held responsible for their failure to make a better showing – aside from the conscription issue, many believed that his western populism was a futile approach, and that the Tories could not hope to compete with the CCF and Socreds in the west – and the party grandees immediately began pressuring him to resign in favour of George A. Drew, who had led the Ontario Progressive Conservatives to their provincial election victory; Bracken would eventually do so in 1948.
=Co-operative Commonwealth Federation=
Campaigning under the slogan, "Work, Security, and Freedom for All – with the CCF", the CCF promised to retain war-time taxes on high incomes and excess profits in order to fund social services, and to abolish the Senate of Canada. The CCF fought hard to prevent the support of labour from going to the Labor-Progressive Party (i.e., the Communist Party of Canada).
The LPP, for its part, pointed out that the CCF's refusal to enter into an electoral pact with the LPP had cost the CCF 100,000 votes in the Ontario election, and had given victory to the Ontario PCs. It urged voters to "Make Labour a Partner in Government."
=Social Credit=
The Social Credit Party of Canada tried, with modest success, to capitalize on the positive image of the Alberta Socred government of Ernest Manning (who had succeeded the party's founding leader, William Aberhart on his death two years earlier), asking voters, "Good Government in Alberta -- Why Not at Ottawa?". Referring to social credit monetary theories, the party encouraged voters to "Vote for the National Dividend".
Opinion polling
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%;line-height:14px;" align="center"
|+ Evolution of voting intentions at national level |
| rowspan="2" | Polling firm
! rowspan="2" |Last day ! rowspan="2" | Source ! class="unsortable" style="width:40px;"| LPC ! class="unsortable" style="width:40px;"| PC ! class="unsortable" style="width:40px;"| CCF ! class="unsortable" style="width:40px;"| SC ! class="unsortable" style="width:40px;"| BP ! class="unsortable" style="width:40px;"| Other ! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|ME|Margin of Error}} ! rowspan="2" | Sample |
|---|
| style="line-height:5px;"
! style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}};" data-sort-type="number"| ! style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|PC}};" data-sort-type="number"| ! style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|CCF}};" data-sort-type="number"| ! style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|Social Credit}};" data-sort-type="number"| ! style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|Bloc populaire}};" data-sort-type="number"| ! style="background:{{Canadian party colour|CA|Indépendant}};" data-sort-type="number"| |
| style="background:#ffd;" |Election 1945
| style="background:#ffd;" |June 11, 1945 | style="background:#ffd;" | | style="background:#ffd;" |39.78 | style="background:#ffd;" |27.62 | style="background:#ffd;" |15.55 | style="background:#ffd;" |4.05 | style="background:#ffd;" |3.29 | style="background:#ffd;" |5.42 | style="background:#ffd;" | | style="background:#ffd;" | |
| Gallup
|June 9, 1945 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|39 |29 |17 |4 |6{{efn|name="OtherNote"|Taken from difference between Public Opinion Quarterly and Evening Citizen data}} |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|April 1945 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|36 |29 |20 |6 |5{{efn|name="OtherNote"}} |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|January 1945 |The Quarter's Polls. (1945). Public Opinion Quarterly, 9(4), 510. doi:10.1086/265765 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|36 |28 |22 |6 |4{{efn|name="OtherNote"}} |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|November 1944 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|36 |28 |23 |{{N/A}} |5 |8 |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|September 1944 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|36 |27 |24 |5 |4{{efn|name="OtherNote"}} |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|June 1944 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|35 |30 |21 |{{N/A}} |7 |7 |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|March 1944 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|34 |30 |22 |{{N/A}} |8 |6 |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|January 1944 |Public Opinions Polls. (1944). Public Opinion Quarterly, 8(4), 580 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|31 |29 |24 |9 |4{{efn|name="OtherNote"}} |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|December 1943 |Public Opinions Polls. (Spring 1944). Public Opinion Quarterly, 8(1), 142 doi:10.1086/265676 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|31 |29 |26 |{{N/A}} |8 |6 |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|September 1943 |Public Opinions Polls. (1943). Public Opinion Quarterly, 7(4), 492 doi:10.1086/265660 |28 |28 |style="background:#EEDDAA"|29 |9 |3{{efn|name="OtherNote"}} |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|June 1943 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|35 |31 |21 |{{N/A}} |8 |5 |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|May 1943 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|36 |28 |21 |{{N/A}} |10 |5 |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|February 1943 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|32 |27 |23 |{{N/A}} |7 |11 |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|December 1942 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|36 |24 |23 |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |17 |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| colspan="11"|Bloc populaire founded (September 8, 1942) |
| Gallup
|September 1942 |Gallup and Fortune Polls. (1942). Public Opinion Quarterly, 6(4), 650. doi:10.1086/265589 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|39 |23 |21 |6 |{{N/A}} |11 |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| Gallup
|January 1942 |style="background:#F8C1BE"|55 |30 |10 |2 |{{N/A}} |3 |{{N/A}} |{{N/A}} |
| style="background:#ffd;" |Election 1940
| style="background:#ffd;" |March 26, 1940 | style="background:#ffd;" | | style="background:#ffd;" |51.32 | style="background:#ffd;" |29.24 | style="background:#ffd;" |8.42 | style="background:#ffd;" |2.59 | style="background:#ffd;" | | style="background:#ffd;" | | style="background:#ffd;" | | style="background:#ffd;" | |
National results
File:1945 Canadian parliament.svg
| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2 rowspan=2|Party !rowspan=2|Party leader !rowspan=2|# of !colspan=3|Seats !colspan=3|Popular vote |
| bgcolor="CCCCCC"
|align=center|1940 |align=center|Elected |align=center|% Change |align=center|# |align=center|% |align=center|pp Change {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|row}} | Liberal |align="right"| 236 |align="right"| 179 !align="right"| 118 |align="right" |
| 33.9%
|align="right"| 2,086,545 |align="right"| 39.78% |align="right" |
| 11.54
{{Canadian party colour|CA|PC|row}} |align="right"| 203 |align="right"|39 !align="right"| 66 |align="right"|+66.7% |align="right"| 1,448,744 |align="right"| 27.62% |align="right" |
| 2.79
{{Canadian party colour|CA|CCF|row}} |align="right"| 205 |align="right"|8 !align="right"| 28 |align="right"|+250% |align="right"| 815,720 |align="right"| 15.55% |align="right"|+7.31 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Social Credit|row-name}}2 |align="right"|93 |align="right"|10 !align="right"|13 |align="right"|+30.0% |align="right"| 212,220 |align="right"|4.05% |align="right"|+1.46 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | colspan=2|Independent Liberal |align="right"| 21 |align="right"|2 !align="right"|8 |align="right"|+300% |align="right"| 93,791 |align="right"|1.79% |align="right" |
| 1.40
{{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | colspan=2|Independent |align="right"| 64 |align="right"|1 !align="right"|6 |align="right"|+500% |align="right"| 256,381 |align="right"| 4.89% |align="right"|+3.65 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Bloc populaire|row-name}} |align="right"|35 |align="right"|* !align="right"| 2 |align="right"|* |align="right"| 172,765 |align="right"|3.29% |align="right"|* {{Canadian party colour|CA|Labor-Progressive|row-name}}3 | Tim Buck |align="right"|68 |align="right"|16 !align="right"|16 |align="right"| |align="right"|111,892 |align="right"|2.13% |align="right"|+1.94 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} |colspan=2| Independent PC |align="right"|8 |align="right"|* !align="right"|1 |align="right"|* |align="right"|14,541 |align="right"| 0.28% |align="right"|* {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} |colspan=2| Independent CCF4 |align="right"| 2 |align="right"|* !align="right"| 1 |align="right"|* |align="right"| 6,402 |align="right"|0.12% |align="right"|* {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal-Progressive|row-name}} | |align="right"|1 |align="right"|3 !align="right"|1 |align="right" |
| 66.7%
|align="right"| 6,147 |align="right"|0.12% |align="right" |
| 0.48
{{Canadian party colour|CA|PC|row}} | National Government5 | |align="right"|1 |align="right"| |align="right"| - |align="right"| |align="right"| 4,872 |align="right"| 0.09% |align="right"| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | |align="right"|1 |align="right"|* |align="right"| - |align="right"|* |align="right"| 4,679 |align="right"| 0.09% |align="right"|* {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | |align="right"| 2 |align="right" |
| align="right"| -
|align="right" |
| align="right"|3,620
|align="right"|0.07% |align="right" |
| 0.11
{{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} |colspan=2| Independent Conservative |align="right"|1 |align="right" |
| align="right"| -
|align="right" |
| 100%
|align="right"| 2,653 |align="right"| 0.05% |align="right" |
| 0.18
{{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} |align="right"| 5 |align="right"|* |align="right" |
| align="right"|*
|align="right"|2,603 |align="right"|0.05% |align="right"|* {{Canadian party colour|CA|Ralliement créditiste|row}} | |align="right"|1 |align="right"|* |align="right"| - |align="right"|* |align="right"| 596 |align="right"|0.01% |align="right"|* {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | |align="right"| 2 |align="right"|* |align="right" |
| align="right"|*
|align="right"| 459 |align="right"|0.01% |align="right"|* {{Canadian party colour|CA|Labour|row-name}} | |align="right"| 1 |align="right" |
| align="right"| -
|align="right" |
| align="right"| 423
|align="right"|0.01% |align="right" |
| 0.07
{{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | |align="right"| 1 |align="right"|* |align="right"| - |align="right"|* |align="right"| 345 |align="right"|0.01% |align="right"|* {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} |colspan=2| Independent Labour |align="right"|1 |align="right"|* |align="right"| - |align="right"|* |align="right"| 241 |align="right"|x |align="right"|* {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | colspan=2|Farmer |align="right"| 1 |align="right" |
| align="right"| -
|align="right" |
| align="right"| 70
|align="right"|x |align="right"|x |
| colspan=3 align=left|Total
! align="right"|953 ! align="right"|245 ! align="right"| 245 ! align="right" |
|---|
| align="right"| 5,245,709
! align="right"| 100% ! |
| align="center" colspan=10|Sources: http://www.elections.ca -- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090609211221/http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/HFER/hfer.asp?Language=E History of Federal Ridings since 1867] |
Notes:
x - less than 0.005% of the popular vote.
1 1945 Progressive Conservative vote compared to 1940 National Government + Conservative vote.
2 1945 Social Credit vote compared to 1940 New Democracy + Social Credit vote.
3 1945 Labor-Progressive vote compared to 1940 Communist vote.
4 The successful "Independent CCF" candidate ran as a People's Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidate.
5 One Progressive Conservative candidate ran under the "National Government" label that the party had used in the 1940 election.
6 MP Dorise Nielsen was elected in 1940 as a Unity candidate in North Battleford. She joined the Labor-Progressive Party in 1943 and ran for re-election in 1945 as an LPP MP and lost. Fred Rose was elected to parliament for Cartier as a Labor-Progressive MP in a 1943 by-election. He was re-elected in 1945.
Vote and seat summaries
File:1945 Canadian General Election.svg
{{Bar box
| title = Popular vote
| titlebar = #ddd
| width = 600px
| barwidth = 410px
| bars =
{{Bar percent|Liberal|#F08080|39.78}}
{{Bar percent|PC|{{Canadian party colour|CA|PC}}|27.62}}
{{Bar percent|CCF|{{Canadian party colour|CA|CCF}}|15.55}}
{{Bar percent|Social Credit|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Social Credit}}|4.05}}
{{Bar percent|Bloc populaire|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Bloc populaire}}|3.29}}
{{Bar percent|Labor-Progressive|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Labor-Progressive}}|2.13}}
{{Bar percent|Others|#DCDCDC|7.58}}
}}
{{Bar box
| title = Seat totals
| titlebar = #ddd
| width = 600px
| barwidth = 410px
| bars =
{{Bar percent|Liberal|#F08080|48.16}}
{{Bar percent|PC|{{Canadian party colour|CA|PC}}|27.34}}
{{Bar percent|CCF|{{Canadian party colour|CA|CCF}}|11.42}}
{{Bar percent|Social Credit|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Social Credit}}|5.30}}
{{Bar percent|Bloc populaire|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Bloc populaire}}|0.81}}
{{Bar percent|Labor-Progressive|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Labor-Progressive}}|0.40}}
{{Bar percent|Others|#DCDCDC|7.34}}
}}
Results by province
| class="wikitable"
! align="center" colspan=3|Party name ! align="center"|BC ! align="center"|AB ! align="center"|SK ! align="center"|MB ! align="center"|ON ! align="center"|QC ! align="center"|NB ! align="center"|NS ! align="center"|PE ! align="center"|YK ! align="center"|Total {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|row}} | rowspan=2|Liberal | Seats: | align="right"| 5 | align="right"| 2 | align="right"| 2 | align="right"| 9 | align="right"| 34 | align="right"| 47 | align="right"| 7 | align="right"| 9 | align="right"| 3 | align="right"| | align="right"| 118 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|row}} | Popular Vote: | align="right"| 27.5 | align="right"| 21.8 | align="right"| 33.0 | align="right"| 32.7 | align="right"| 40.8 | align="right"| 46.5 | align="right"| 50.0 | align="right"| 45.7 | align="right"| 48.4 | align="right"| | align="right"| 39.8 {{Canadian party colour|CA|PC|row}} | rowspan=2|Progressive Conservative | Seats: | align="right"| 5 | align="right"| 2 | align="right"| 1 | align="right"| 2 | align="right"| 48 | align="right"| 1 | align="right"| 3 | align="right"| 2 | align="right"| 1 | align="right"| 1 | align="right"| 66 {{Canadian party colour|CA|PC|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| 30.0 | align="right"| 18.7 | align="right"| 18.8 | align="right"| 24.9 | align="right"| 41.4 | align="right"| 9.7 | align="right"| 38.3 | align="right"| 36.8 | align="right"| 47.4 | align="right"|40.0 | align="right"| 27.6 {{Canadian party colour|CA|CCF|row}} | rowspan=2|Co-operative Commonwealth | Seats: | align="right"|4 | align="right" |
|
| align="right"|18 | align="right"| 5 | align="right"| - | align="right"| - | align="right" |
|
| align="right"|1 | align="right" |
|
| align="right" |
|
| align="right"| 28 {{Canadian party colour|CA|CCF|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| 29.4 | align="right"| 18.4 | align="right"| 44.4 | align="right"| 31.6 | align="right"| 14.3 | align="right"| 2.4 | align="right"| 7.4 | align="right"| 16.7 | align="right"|4.2 | align="right"| 27.5 | align="right"|15.6 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Social Credit|row}} | rowspan=2|Social Credit | Seats: | align="right" |
|
| align="right"|13 | align="right" |
|
| align="right" |
|
| align="right" |
|
| align="right" |
|
| align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 13 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Social Credit|row}} | Vote: | align="right"|2.3 | align="right"|36.6 | align="right"|3.0 | align="right"| 3.2 | align="right"|0.2 | align="right"| 4.4 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 4.0 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | rowspan=2|Independent Liberal | Seats: | align="right"|1 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"|7 | align="right" |
|
| align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 8 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| 1.7 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 5.9 | align="right"| 1.1 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 1.8 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | rowspan=2|Independent | Seats: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right" |
|
| align="right"| - | align="right"|6 | align="right" |
|
| align="right" |
|
| align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 6 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.8 | align="right"| 0.4 | align="right"| 16.9 | align="right"|3.2 | align="right"| 0.2 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 4.9 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Bloc populaire|row}} | rowspan=2|Bloc populaire | Seats: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| - | align="right"| 2 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 2 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Bloc populaire|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.3 | align="right"| 11.9 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 3.3 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Labor-Progressive|row}} |rowspan=2|{{Canadian party colour|CA|Labor-Progressive|name}} | Seats: | align="right" |
|
| align="right" |
|
| align="right" |
|
| align="right" |
|
| align="right"| - | align="right"|1 | align="right"| | align="right" |
|
| align="right"| | align="right"| - | align="right"| 1 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Communist|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| 5.9 | align="right"| 4.5 | align="right"| 0.8 | align="right"| 5.0 | align="right"| 2.0 | align="right"| 1.0 | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.6 | align="right"| | align="right"|32.4 | align="right"| 2.1 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | rowspan=2|Independent PC | Seats: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right" |
|
| align="right"|1 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 1 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx | align="right"| 1.0 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.3 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | rowspan=2|Independent CCF | Seats: | align="right"|1 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right" |
|
| align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 1 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | Vote: | align="right"|1.4 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.1 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal-Progressive|row}} | rowspan=2|Liberal-Progressive | Seats: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"|1 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 1 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal-Progressive|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 1.9 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.1 |
| colspan=3| Total Seats
| align="right"|16 | align="right"|17 | align="right"|21 | align="right"|17 | align="right"| 82 | align="right"|65 | align="right"|10 | align="right"|12 | align="right"| 4 | align="right"| 1 | align="right"| 245 |
| colspan=14|Parties that won no seats: |
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|PC|row}}
| Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.3 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.1 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| 1.1 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.1 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | Farmer-Labour | Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.2 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.1 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} |Independent Conservative | Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.2 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| 0.1 {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| 0.6 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx {{Canadian party colour|CA|Ralliement créditiste|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| 0.1 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx {{Canadian party colour|CA|Labour|row-name}} | Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | Independent Labour | Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"|0.1 | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx {{Canadian party colour|CA|Independent|row}} | Farmer | Vote: | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| | align="right"| xx |
xx - less than 0.05% of the popular vote.
See also
{{Portal|Canada|Politics}}
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist}}
Further reading
- Argyle, Ray. Turning Points: The Campaigns that Changed Canada : 2004 and before (2004) [https://archive.org/details/turningpointscam0000argy online ] pp.237-270.
- {{cite book |last1=Beck |first1=James Murray |author-link=James Murray Beck |title=Pendulum of Power; Canada's Federal Elections |date=1968 |publisher=Prentice-Hall of Canada |location=Scarborough |isbn=978-0-13-655670-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/pendulumofpower0000unse |url-access=registration}}
- {{cite book |last1=LeDuc |first1=Lawrence |last2=Pammett |first2=Jon H. |last3=McKenzie |first3=Judith L. |last4=Turcotte |first4=André |title=Dynasties and Interludes: Past and Present in Canadian Electoral Politics |date=2010 |publisher=Dundurn Press |location=Toronto |isbn=978-1-55488-886-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/dynastiesinterlu0000unse |url-access=registration}}
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