1951 New York Giants (MLB) season

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}}

{{Infobox baseball team season

| name = New York Giants

| season = 1951

| misc = National League Champions

| image = New York Giants MLB Cap Logo (1949 to 1957).svg

| league = National League

| ballpark = Polo Grounds

| city = New York City

| owners = Horace Stoneham

| general_managers = Chub Feeney

| managers = Leo Durocher

| television = WPIX
(Russ Hodges, Ernie Harwell)

| radio = WMCA
(Russ Hodges, Ernie Harwell)

| prev_season = 1950 New York Giants (MLB) season

| next_season = 1952 New York Giants (MLB) season

|}}

The 1951 New York Giants season was the franchise's 69th season and saw the Giants finish the regular season in a tie for first place in the National League with a record of 96 wins and 58 losses. This prompted a best-of-three National League tiebreaker against the Brooklyn Dodgers, which the Giants won in three games, clinched by Bobby Thomson's walk-off home run, a moment immortalized as the Shot Heard 'Round the World.{{cite web|url=http://www.thisgreatgame.com/1951-baseball-history.html |title=1951 The Shot Heard 'Round the World |publisher=thisgreatgame.com |access-date=February 14, 2015}} The Giants, however, lost the World Series to the New York Yankees in six games.

Offseason

= Spring training =

The Giants had trained in Phoenix since 1947. In 1951, the team swapped spring training sites with the New York Yankees, with the Yankees moving to Phoenix and the Giants training at Al Lang Field in St. Petersburg, Florida. It was a one-year arrangement and the Giants would return to Phoenix in 1952.{{cite news|title=Major Leaguers to Start Spring training Feb. 20 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=69EOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=e1UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4394,6411752&dq=new-york-giants+st+petersburg |newspaper=The Evening Independent |page=14 |date=January 19, 1951 |access-date=September 22, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713185525/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=69EOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=e1UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4394,6411752&dq=new-york-giants+st+petersburg |archive-date=July 13, 2012 }}

= Notable transactions =

  • December 4, 1950: Tom Acker was drafted from the Giants by the Buffalo Bisons in the 1950 minor league draft.[https://www.baseball-reference.com/a/ackerto01.shtml Tom Acker] at Baseball-Reference
  • Prior to 1951 season (exact date unknown)
  • Dom Zanni was signed as an amateur free agent by the Giants.[https://www.baseball-reference.com/z/zannido01.shtml Dom Zanni] at Baseball-Reference
  • Don Taussig was acquired by the Giants from the New York Yankees.[https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/t/taussdo01.shtml Don Taussig] at Baseball-Reference

Regular season

Center fielder Willie Mays made his major league debut in a game against the Philadelphia Phillies on May 25.[https://www.baseball-reference.com/m/mayswi01.shtml Willie Mays] at Baseball-Reference He went on to win the 1951 National League Rookie of the Year Award.

Outfielder Monte Irvin led the league in RBI with 121. Five players on the 1951 Giants team went on to become major league managers.{{cite web|url=http://bioproj.sabr.org/bioproj.cfm?a=v&v=l&bid=2029&pid=15047|title=The Baseball Biography Project: Wes Westrum|last=Peterson|first=Armand|publisher=Society for American Baseball Research|access-date=July 20, 2010}} Eddie Stanky (1952), Bill Rigney (1956), Alvin Dark (1961), Wes Westrum (1965) and Whitey Lockman (1972).

In June, future NFL Hall of Famer Andy Robustelli was offered a tryout with the New York Giants. The Giants offered Robustelli a $400 contract to play with Class AA Knoxville.Giants Among Men, Jack Cavanaugh, p.7, 2008, Random House, {{ISBN|978-1-4000-6717-6}}

= Opening Day lineup =

= Season standings=

{{1951 National League standings}}

= Record vs. opponents =

{{1951 NL Record vs. opponents|team=NYG}}

= The comeback =

After a slow start, the team went 50–12 over their final 62 games to complete one of the biggest comebacks in major league history. Longstanding rumors that the Giants engaged in systematic sign stealing during the second half of the 1951 season were confirmed in 2001. Several players told The Wall Street Journal that beginning on July 20, the team used a telescope, manned by coach Herman Franks in the Giants clubhouse behind center field, to steal the finger signals of those opposing catchers who left their signs unprotected. Stolen signs were relayed to the Giants dugout via a buzzer wire.{{cite news |first=Joshua |last=Prager |title=Inside Baseball: Giants' 1951 Comeback, The Sport's Greatest, Wasn't All It Seemed |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=January 31, 2001}}{{cite web|title=ESPN Classic – Hitters knew pitches in stretch drive|url=https://www.espn.com/classic/s/2001/0201/1054936.html|date=February 1, 2001|publisher=ESPN|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123190706/http://www.espn.com/classic/s/2001/0201/1054936.html|archive-date=January 23, 2018|access-date=November 17, 2019}} Joshua Prager, the author of the Journal article, outlined the evidence in greater detail in a 2008 book.Prager, Joshua: The Echoing Green: The Untold Story of Bobby Thomson, Ralph Branca and The Shot Heard Round the World. New York: Vintage Books, 2008. {{ISBN|0375713077}}. He noted that sign stealing, then as now, is not specifically forbidden by MLB rules and, moral issues aside, "has been a part of baseball since its inception."Prager (2006), p. 162

= The playoff =

{{main|1951 National League tie-breaker series}}

At the end of the season, they were tied with their arch-rivals, the Dodgers, for first place in the League, prompting a three-game playoff for the pennant. The Giants had home field advantage for the series.

== Game 1 ==

The first game of the series was played at Ebbets Field. Jim Hearn started for the Giants against Ralph Branca for the Dodgers. Monte Irvin and Bobby Thomson homered for the Giants, powering them to a 3–1 win. Andy Pafko hit a home run for the only Dodgers run.[https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/BRO/BRO195110010.shtml Game 1 box score from Baseball-Reference]

== Game 2 ==

The series moved to the Polo Grounds for game two. Sheldon Jones took the mound for the Giants against the Dodgers' Clem Labine. Jones was pulled in the third inning despite giving up just two runs, one of which was a Jackie Robinson homer. However, the game went downhill from there, as the Dodgers abused relievers George Spencer and Al Corwin for eight more runs, while Labine pitched a six-hit shutout for a 10–0 shellacking. Pafko hit his second homer of the series, while Gil Hodges and Rube Walker added home runs of their own.[https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/NY1/NY1195110020.shtml Game 2 box score from Baseball-Reference]

== Game 3 ==

Game three was also held at the Polo Grounds. Sal "The Barber" Maglie was on the mound for New York, while Brooklyn called on Don Newcombe. After Maglie walked two batters in the top of the first, Jackie Robinson singled home the game's first run. The score remained 1–0 until the bottom of the seventh. In that inning, Monte Irvin led off with a double for the Giants. He was bunted over to third, and scored on a sacrifice fly by Bobby Thomson.[https://www.baseball-reference.com/boxes/NY1/NY1195110030.shtml Game 3 Box score from Baseball-Reference]

In the top of the eighth, the Dodgers came roaring back with three runs off Maglie. A pair of singles, a wild pitch, and two more singles made the score 4–1 Dodgers. Newcombe sat down the Giants in order in the bottom of the eighth, while Larry Jansen did the same in relief of Maglie.

=== The "shot heard 'round the world" ===

{{See also|Shot Heard 'Round the World (baseball)}}

In the bottom of the ninth, Alvin Dark led off with a single, and Don Mueller followed with another. After Monte Irvin popped out to first base, Whitey Lockman lined a double to left-center field, scoring Dark and putting Mueller on third. Dodger manager Chuck Dressen summoned game 1 starter Ralph Branca in to relieve Newcombe, despite having only had one day's rest. On his second pitch, Bobby Thomson drove a pitch to deep left field for a walk-off home run to clinch the pennant for the Giants. This home run, hit at 3:58 p.m. EST on October 3, 1951, came to be known as the "Shot Heard 'Round the World".

The phrase shot heard 'round the world is from a classic poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson, originally used to refer to the first clash of the American Revolutionary War and since used to apply to other dramatic moments, military and otherwise. In the case of Thomson's home run, it was particularly apt as U.S. servicemen fighting in the Korean War listened to the radio broadcast of the game.

Thomson's homer, and the Giants' victory, are also sometimes known as the Miracle of Coogan's Bluff.

=== Line score ===

Polo Grounds

border=1 cellspacing=0 width=425 style="margin-left:3em;"
style="text-align:center; background-color:#e6e6e6;"

!align=left width=22%|Team

!width=6%|1

!width=6%|2

!width=6%|3

!width=6%|4

!width=6%|5

!width=6%|6

!width=6%|7

!width=6%|8

!width=6%|9

!width=6%|R

!width=6%|H

!width=6%|E

style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|Brooklyn

|1

00

|0

00

|0

30

|4

80
style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York

|0

00

|0

00

|1

04

|5

80
style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=14|WP: Larry Jansen (23–11)   LP: Ralph Branca (13–12)

=Roster=

class="toccolours" style="font-size: 95%;"
colspan="10" style="background-color: black; color: #FFFDD0; text-align: center;" | 1951 New York Giants
colspan="10" style="background-color: #fd5a1e; color: #FFFDD0; text-align: center;" | Roster
valign="top" | Pitchers

{{MLBplayer|39|George Bamberger}}

{{MLBplayer|38|Roger Bowman}}

{{MLBplayer|39|Al Corwin}}

{{MLBplayer|44|Al Gettel}}

{{MLBplayer|38|Red Hardy}}

{{MLBplayer|21|Jim Hearn}}

{{MLBplayer|46|Larry Jansen}}

{{MLBplayer|37|Sheldon Jones}}

{{MLBplayer|32|Monte Kennedy}}

{{MLBplayer|38|Alex Konikowski}}

{{MLBplayer|31|Dave Koslo}}

{{MLBplayer|33|Jack Kramer}}

{{MLBplayer|35|Sal Maglie}}

{{MLBplayer|30|George Spencer}}

| width="25px" |

| valign="top" | Catchers

{{MLBplayer| 5|Ray Noble}}

{{MLBplayer| 9|Wes Westrum}}

{{MLBplayer| 7|Sal Yvars}}

Infielders

{{MLBplayer|19|Al Dark}}

{{MLBplayer|25|Whitey Lockman}}

{{MLBplayer|17|Jack Lohrke}}

{{MLBplayer|18|Bill Rigney}}

{{MLBplayer|12|Eddie Stanky}}

{{MLBplayer|16|Hank Thompson}}

{{MLBplayer|14|Davey Williams}}

{{MLBplayer|15|Artie Wilson}}

| width="25px" |

| valign="top" | Outfielders

{{MLBplayer|26|Clint Hartung}}

{{MLBplayer|20|Monte Irvin}}

{{MLBplayer|27|Spider Jorgensen}}

{{MLBplayer|24|Jack Maguire}}

{{MLBplayer|14,24|Willie Mays}}

{{MLBplayer|22|Don Mueller}}

{{MLBplayer|23|Bobby Thomson}}

Other batters

{{MLBplayer|27|Earl Rapp}}

{{MLBplayer|10|Hank Schenz}}

| width="25px" |

| valign="top" | Manager

{{MLBplayer| 2|Leo Durocher}}

Coaches

{{MLBplayer| 6|Fred Fitzsimmons}}

{{MLBplayer| 3|Herman Franks}}

{{MLBplayer| 1|Frank Shellenback}}

Player stats

style="background-color:#FFCC00; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; width:2em;" |

| = Indicates team leader

= Batting=

== Starters by position==

Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

class="wikitable sortable"
bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%" | Pos

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | AB

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | H

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | Avg.

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | HR

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | RBI

align="center"

| C

{{sortname|Wes|Westrum}}12436179.2192070
align="center"

| 1B

{{sortname|Whitey|Lockman}}153614173.2821273
align="center"

| 2B

{{sortname|Eddie|Stanky}}145515127.2471443
align="center"

| 3B

{{sortname|Hank|Thompson|Hank Thompson (baseball)}}8726462.235833
align="center"

| SS

{{sortname|Alvin|Dark}}bgcolor=#ffcc00|156bgcolor=#ffcc00|646bgcolor=#ffcc00|196.3031469
align="center"

| OF

{{sortname|Monte|Irvin}}151558174bgcolor=#ffcc00|.31224bgcolor=#ffcc00|121
align="center"

| OF

{{sortname|Willie|Mays}}121464127.2742068
align="center"

| OF

{{sortname|Don|Mueller}}122469130.2771669

==Other batters==

Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

class="wikitable sortable"
bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | AB

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | H

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | Avg.

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | HR

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | RBI

align="center"

| {{sortname|Bobby|Thomson}}

148518152.293bgcolor=#ffcc00|32101
align="center"

| {{sortname|Ray|Noble|Ray Noble (baseball)}}

5514133.234526
align="center"

| {{sortname|Bill|Rigney}}

446916.23249
align="center"

| {{sortname|Davey|Williams}}

306417.26628
align="center"

| {{sortname|Spider|Jorgensen}}

285112.23528
align="center"

| {{sortname|Clint|Hartung}}

21449.20502
align="center"

| {{sortname|Sal|Yvars}}

254113.31723
align=center

| {{sortname|Jack|Lohrke}}

23408.20013
align="center"

| {{sortname|Artie|Wilson}}

19224.18201
align="center"

| {{sortname|Jack|Maguire|Jack Maguire (baseball)}}

16208.40014
align="center"

| {{sortname|Earl|Rapp}}

13111.09101
align="center"

| {{sortname|Hank|Schenz}}

800----00

=Pitching=

==Starting pitchers==

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

class="wikitable sortable"
bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | IP

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | W

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | L

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | ERA

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SO

align="center"

| {{sortname|Sal|Maglie}}

42bgcolor=#ffcc00|298.0bgcolor=#ffcc00|236bgcolor=#ffcc00|2.93bgcolor=#ffcc00|146
align="center"

| {{sortname|Larry|Jansen}}

39278.2bgcolor=#ffcc00|23bgcolor=#ffcc00|113.04145
align="center"

| {{sortname|Jim|Hearn}}

34211.11793.6266

==Other pitchers==

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

class="wikitable sortable"
bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | IP

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | W

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | L

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | ERA

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SO

align="center"

| {{sortname|Dave|Koslo}}

39149.21093.3154
align="center"

| {{sortname|Sheldon|Jones}}

41120.16bgcolor=#ffcc00|114.2658
align="center"

| {{sortname|Al|Corwin}}

1559.0513.6630
align="center"

| {{sortname|Roger|Bowman}}

926.1246.1524
align="center"

| {{sortname|Jack|Kramer|Jack Kramer (baseball)}}

44.20015.432

==Relief pitchers==

Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

class="wikitable sortable"
bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="16%" | Player

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | G

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | W

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | L

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SV

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | ERA

! bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="9%" | SO

align="center"

| {{sortname|George|Spencer|George Spencer (baseball)}}

bgcolor=#ffcc00|57104bgcolor=#ffcc00|63.7536
align="center"

| {{sortname|Al|Gettel}}

301204.8736
align=center

| {{sortname|Monty|Kennedy}}

291202.2522
align="center"

| {{sortname|Alex|Konikowski}}

30000.005
align="center"

| {{sortname|George|Bamberger}}

200018.001
align="center"

| {{sortname|Red|Hardy}}

20006.750

1951 World Series

{{main|1951 World Series}}

=Game 1=

October 4, 1951, at Yankee Stadium in New York City

border=1 cellspacing=0 width=425 style="margin-left:3em;"
style="text-align:center; background-color:#e6e6e6;"

!align=left width=125|Team

!width=25|1

!width=25|2

!width=25|3

!width=25|4

!width=25|5

!width=25|6

!width=25|7

!width=25|8

!width=25|9

!width=25|R

!width=25|H

!width=25|E

style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (N)

|2

00

|0

03

|0

00

|5

101
style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (A)

|0

10

|0

00

|0

00

|1

71
style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=13|W: Dave Koslo (1–0)   L: Allie Reynolds (0–1)

style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=13|HR: NYGAlvin Dark (1)

=Game 2=

October 5, 1951, at Yankee Stadium in New York City

border=1 cellspacing=0 width=425 style="margin-left:3em;"
style="text-align:center; background-color:#e6e6e6;"

!align=left width=125|Team

!width=25|1

!width=25|2

!width=25|3

!width=25|4

!width=25|5

!width=25|6

!width=25|7

!width=25|8

!width=25|9

!width=25|R

!width=25|H

!width=25|E

style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (N)

|0

00

|0

00

|1

00

|1

51
style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (A)

|1

10

|0

00

|0

1x

|3

60
style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=13|W: Ed Lopat (1–0)   L: Larry Jansen (0–1)

style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=13|HR: NYYJoe Collins (1)

=Game 3=

October 6, 1951, at the Polo Grounds in, New York City

border=1 cellspacing=0 width=425 style="margin-left:3em;"
style="text-align:center; background-color:#e6e6e6;"

!align=left width=125|Team

!width=25|1

!width=25|2

!width=25|3

!width=25|4

!width=25|5

!width=25|6

!width=25|7

!width=25|8

!width=25|9

!width=25|R

!width=25|H

!width=25|E

style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (A)

|0

00

|0

00

|0

11

|2

52
style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (N)

|0

10

|0

50

|0

0x

|6

72
style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=13|W: Jim Hearn (1–0)  L: Vic Raschi (0–1)

style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=13|HR: NYYGene Woodling (1)   NYGWhitey Lockman (1)

=Game 4=

October 8, 1951, at the Polo Grounds in, New York City

border=1 cellspacing=0 width=425 style="margin-left:3em;"
style="text-align:center; background-color:#e6e6e6;"

!align=left width=125|Team

!width=25|1

!width=25|2

!width=25|3

!width=25|4

!width=25|5

!width=25|6

!width=25|7

!width=25|8

!width=25|9

!width=25|R

!width=25|H

!width=25|E

style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (A)

|0

10

|1

20

|2

00

|6

120
style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (N)

|1

00

|0

00

|0

01

|2

82
style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=13|W: Allie Reynolds (1–1)  L: Sal Maglie (0–1)

style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=13|HR: NYYJoe DiMaggio (1)

=Game 5=

October 9, 1951, at the Polo Grounds in New York City

border=1 cellspacing=0 width=425 style="margin-left:3em;"
style="text-align:center; background-color:#e6e6e6;"

!align=left width=125|Team

!width=25|1

!width=25|2

!width=25|3

!width=25|4

!width=25|5

!width=25|6

!width=25|7

!width=25|8

!width=25|9

!width=25|R

!width=25|H

!width=25|E

style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (A)

|0

05

|2

02

|4

00

|13

121
style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (N)

|1

00

|0

00

|0

00

|1

53
style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=13|W: Ed Lopat (2–0)  L: Larry Jansen (0–2)

style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=13|HR: NYYGil McDougald (1),  Phil Rizzuto (1)

=Game 6=

October 10, 1951, at Yankee Stadium in New York City

border=1 cellspacing=0 width=425 style="margin-left:3em;"
style="text-align:center; background-color:#e6e6e6;"

!align=left width=125|Team

!width=25|1

!width=25|2

!width=25|3

!width=25|4

!width=25|5

!width=25|6

!width=25|7

!width=25|8

!width=25|9

!width=25|R

!width=25|H

!width=25|E

style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (N)

|0

00

|0

10

|0

02

|3

111
style="text-align:center;"

|align=left|New York (A)

|1

00

|0

03

|0

0x

|4

70
style="text-align:left;"

|colspan=13|W: Vic Raschi (1–1)   L: Dave Koslo (1-1)   S: Bob Kuzava (1)

Awards and honors

Farm system

{{See also|Minor League Baseball}}

{{MLB Farm System|level6=AAA|team6=Minneapolis Millers|league6=American Association|manager6=Tommy Heath

|level7=AAA|team7=Ottawa Giants|league7=International League|manager7=Hugh Poland

|level8=A|team8=Jacksonville Tars|league8=Sally League|manager8=Ben Geraghty

|level9=A|team9=Sioux City Soos|league9=Western League|manager9=Frank Genovese

|level10=B|team10=Sunbury Giants|league10=Interstate League|manager10=Charlie Fox

|level11=B|team11=Knoxville Smokies|league11=Tri-State League|manager11=Jack Aragón

|level12=C|team12=St. Cloud Rox|league12=Northern League|manager12=Harold Kollar

|level13=C|team13=Idaho Falls Russets|league13=Pioneer League|manager13=Red Jessen

|level14=C|team14=Muskogee Giants|league14=Western Association|manager14=Hal Bamberger

|level15=D|team15=Bristol Twins|league15=Appalachian League|manager15=Russ Wein

|level16=D|team16=Sanford Giants|league16=Florida State League|manager16=Richie Klaus

|level17=D|team17=Springfield Giants|league17=Ohio–Indiana League|manager17=Andy Gilbert

|level18=D|team18=Lawton Giants|league18=Sooner State League|manager18=Ray Baker

|level19=D|team19=Lenoir Red Sox|league19=Western Carolina League|manager19=Claude Jonnard, Okey Flowers and John Olsen

|level20=D|team20=Oshkosh Giants|league20=Wisconsin State League|manager20=Dave Garcia

}}

LEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Sioux CityJohnson, Lloyd, and Wolff, Miles, ed., The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball, 2nd and 3rd editions. Durham, North Carolina: Baseball America, 1997 and 2007

References

{{Reflist|2}}