1965 in spaceflight

{{Infobox Year in spaceflight

|year = 1965

|image = Delta D Intelsat1.jpg

|caption = Launch of a Delta D rocket carrying the first commercial geosynchronous communications satellite, Intelsat I F1

|first = 11 January

|last = 28 December

|total = 124

|success = 108

|failed = 15

|partial = 1

|catalogued = 112

|maidens = Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D
Delta E
Diamant-A
Kosmos-2M
Scout A
Scout B
Soyuz/Vostok 11A510
Thor LV-2D Burner-1
Thor LV-2D MG-18
Titan IIIC
UR-500 (Proton)

|retired = Atlas LV-3A Agena-B
Atlas LV-3C Centaur-C
Delta D
Kosmos-1
Molniya 8K78
Molniya-L 8K78L
Saturn I
Scout X-4
Thor DSV-2A Ablestar
Thor LV-2D MG-18
Thor SLV-2 Agena-B
Titan IIIA

|firstlaunch = {{FRA}}

|firstsat = {{FRA}}

|orbital = 6

|totalcrew = 13

}}

{{Infobox spaceflight

| programme = Timeline of spaceflight

| previous_mission = 1964

| next_mission = 1966

}}

Orbital and Suborbital launches

{{Main|1965 in spaceflight (January–March)|1965 in spaceflight (April-June)|1965 in spaceflight (July-September)|1965 in spaceflight (October-December)}}

Deep Space Rendezvous

class=wikitable width="100%" !Date (UTC) !Spacecraft !Event !Remarks
20 February	Ranger 8	Lunar impact	Impacted Mare Tranquillitatis at 09:57:37, returned 7,137 images
24 March	Ranger 9	Lunar impact	Impacted Alphonsus Crater at 14:08:20, returned 5,814 images
12 May	Luna 5	Lunar impact	Failed lander, impacted at 19:10
11 June	Luna 6	Lunar flyby	Failed lander, closest approach: {{convert\|160000\|km}}
15 July	Mariner 4	Flyby of Mars	Returned 21 images
20 July	Zond 2	Flyby of Mars	Communications system failed before flyby
6 August	Zond 3	Lunar Flyby	Returned 25 images
7 October	Luna 7	Lunar impact	Failed lander, impacted at 22:08
6 December	Luna 8	Lunar impact	Failed lander, impacted at 21:51:30

EVAs

class="wikitable" width="100%"
Start date/time !Duration !End time !Spacecraft !Crew !Remarks
18 March 08:34 \|{{nowrap\|12 minutes}} \|08:47 \|Voskhod 2 \|{{nowrap\|{{flagicon\|USSR}} Alexei Leonov}} \|First EVA in history.{{cite web\|url=http://space.kursknet.ru/cosmos/english/machines/vkh2.sht \|title=Spacecraft "Voskhod-2" web page \|access-date=2008-12-26 \|author=Alexander Anikeev \|year=2008 \|work=Manned Astronautics: Figures and Facts website \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211111705/http://space.kursknet.ru/cosmos/english/machines/vkh2.sht \|archive-date=11 February 2009 }} Leonov had difficulty fitting back into the spacecraft due to spacesuit stiffness in vacuum. He vented air from his spacesuit to bend back into the capsule.{{cite encyclopedia \|url=http://www.astronautix.com/astros/leonov.htm \|title=Leonov web page \|access-date=2008-12-26 \|author=Mark Wade \|year=2008 \|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Astronautica web site \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223041538/http://www.astronautix.com/astros/leonov.htm \|archive-date=23 December 2008 \|url-status=dead \|df=dmy-all }}
3 June 19:46 \|20 minutes \|20:06 \|Gemini IV \|{{flagicon\|USA}} Ed White \|First US EVA.{{cite web \|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/gemini_4_eva.html \|title=The First U.S. Spacewalk - Gemini 4 \|access-date=2009-12-28 \|author=David R. Williams \|year=2004 \|work= Lunar and Planetary Science \|publisher=NASA }} White also had difficulty returning to the Gemini spacecraft. Although very fit, the effort left White exhausted.{{cite book \| last =Cernan \| first =Eugene \| author2 =Don Davis \| title =The Last Man on the Moon \| publisher =St. Martin's Press \| year =1999 \| location =New York \| page =[https://archive.org/details/lastmanonmoonast00cern_0/page/83 83] \| isbn =0-312-19906-6 \| url-access =registration \| url =https://archive.org/details/lastmanonmoonast00cern_0/page/83 }}

class="wikitable" width="100%"

Start date/time

!Duration

!End time

!Spacecraft

!Crew

!Remarks

18 March
08:34

|{{nowrap|12 minutes}}

|08:47

|Voskhod 2

|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|USSR}} Alexei Leonov}}

|First EVA in history.{{cite web|url=http://space.kursknet.ru/cosmos/english/machines/vkh2.sht |title=Spacecraft "Voskhod-2" web page |access-date=2008-12-26 |author=Alexander Anikeev |year=2008 |work=Manned Astronautics: Figures and Facts website |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211111705/http://space.kursknet.ru/cosmos/english/machines/vkh2.sht |archive-date=11 February 2009 }} Leonov had difficulty fitting back into the spacecraft due to spacesuit stiffness in vacuum. He vented air from his spacesuit to bend back into the capsule.{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.astronautix.com/astros/leonov.htm |title=Leonov web page |access-date=2008-12-26 |author=Mark Wade |year=2008 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Astronautica web site |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223041538/http://www.astronautix.com/astros/leonov.htm |archive-date=23 December 2008 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}

3 June
19:46

|20 minutes

|20:06

|Gemini IV

|{{flagicon|USA}} Ed White

|First US EVA.{{cite web |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/gemini_4_eva.html |title=The First U.S. Spacewalk - Gemini 4 |access-date=2009-12-28 |author=David R. Williams |year=2004 |work= Lunar and Planetary Science

|publisher=NASA }} White also had difficulty returning to the Gemini spacecraft. Although very fit, the effort left White exhausted.{{cite book | last =Cernan | first =Eugene | author2 =Don Davis | title =The Last Man on the Moon | publisher =St. Martin's Press | year =1999 | location =New York | page =[https://archive.org/details/lastmanonmoonast00cern_0/page/83 83] | isbn =0-312-19906-6 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/lastmanonmoonast00cern_0/page/83 }}

Orbital launch statistics

=By country=

{{Pie chart

| radius = 120

| legend = false

| thumb = left

| label1 = United States:

| value1 = 70

| color1 = #484785

| label2 = Soviet Union:

| value2 = 53

| color2 = #A52A2A

| label3 = France:

| value3 = 1

| color3 = #318CE7

}}

align="left" class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
colspan="2" \| Country ! Launches ! Successes ! Failures ! Partial failures
scope=row style="background:#318CE7;" \| \|\| style="text-align:left;" \| {{FRA}} \| 1 \|\| 1 \|\| 0 \|\| 0
scope=row style="background:#a52a2a;" \| \|\| style="text-align:left;" \| {{USSR}} \| 53 \|\| 46 \|\| 7 \|\| 0
scope=row style="background:#484785;" \| \|\| style="text-align:left;" \| {{USA}} \| 70 \|\| 61 \|\| 8 \|\| 1
colspan="2" \| World \| {{sum\|1\|53\|70}} \|\| {{sum\|1\|46\|61}} \|\| {{sum\|0\|7\|8}} \|\| {{sum\|0\|0\|1}}

align="left" class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"

colspan="2" | Country

! Launches

! Successes

! Failures

! Partial
failures

scope=row style="background:#318CE7;" | || style="text-align:left;" | {{FRA}}

| 1 || 1 || 0 || 0

scope=row style="background:#a52a2a;" | || style="text-align:left;" | {{USSR}}

| 53 || 46 || 7 || 0

scope=row style="background:#484785;" | || style="text-align:left;" | {{USA}}

| 70 || 61 || 8 || 1

colspan="2" | World

| {{sum|1|53|70}} || {{sum|1|46|61}} || {{sum|0|7|8}} || {{sum|0|0|1}}

=By rocket=

Rocket ! Country ! Launches ! Successes ! Failures ! Partial failures ! Remarks
class="wikitable sortable"
Atlas D	{{USA}}	3	1	2	0	Suborbital component of one failed launch was successful
Atlas LV-3A Agena-B	{{USA}}	2	2	0	0	Retired
Atlas LV-3A Agena-D	{{USA}}	1	1	0	0
Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D	{{USA}}	11	9	2	0
Atlas LV-3C Centaur-C	{{USA}}	1	0	1	0	Retired
Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D	{{USA}}	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Delta C	{{USA}}	5	4	1	0
Delta D	{{USA}}	1	1	0	0	Retired
Delta E	{{USA}}	2	2	0	0	Maiden flight
Diamant A	{{FRA}}	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Kosmos-1 63S3	{{flagcountry\|USSR\|1955}}	6	6	0	0	Retired
Kosmos-2I 63S1	{{flagcountry\|USSR\|1955}}	7	4	3	0
Kosmos-2M 63S1M	{{flagcountry\|USSR\|1955}}	3	3	0	0	Maiden flight
Molniya 8K78	{{flagcountry\|USSR\|1955}}	6	5	1	0	Retired
Molniya-L 8K78L	{{flagcountry\|USSR\|1955}}	1	0	1	0	Retired
Molniya-M 8K78M	{{flagcountry\|USSR\|1955}}	5	4	1	0
Saturn I	{{USA}}	3	3	0	0	Retired
Scout A	{{USA}}	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Scout B	{{USA}}	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Scout X-4	{{USA}}	3	3	0	0	Retired
Soyuz/Vostok 11A510	{{flagcountry\|USSR\|1955}}	1	1	0	0	Maiden flight
Thor DSV-2A Ablestar	{{USA}}	3	3	0	0	Retired
Thor LV-2D Burner-1	{{USA}}	2	2	0	0	Maiden flight
Thor LV-2D MG-18	{{USA}}	2	2	0	0	Only flights
Thor SLV-2 Agena-B	{{USA}}	1	1	0	1	Retired
Thor SLV-2 Agena-D	{{USA}}	2	1	1	0
Thrust Augmented Thor SLV-2A Agena-D	{{USA}}	15	15	0	0
Titan II GLV	{{USA}}	5	5	0	0	Also made one suborbital launch
Titan IIIA	{{USA}}	2	2	0	0	Retired
Titan IIIC	{{USA}}	3	1	1	1	Maiden flight
Voskhod 11A57	{{flagcountry\|USSR\|1955}}	12	12	0	0
Vostok-2 8A92	{{flagcountry\|USSR\|1955}}	8	7	1	0
Vostok-2M 8A92M	{{flagcountry\|USSR\|1955}}	2	2	0	0
UR-500 (Proton) 8K72	{{flagcountry\|USSR\|1955}}	2	2	0	0	Maiden flight

=By orbit=

Orbital regime ! Launches ! Achieved ! Not Achieved ! Accidentally Achieved ! Remarks
class="wikitable sortable"
Low Earth	96	85	9	2
Medium Earth	7	6	1	0
High Earth	13	11	2	0	Including Highly elliptical and Molniya orbits
Geosynchronous/transfer	3	1	2	1*	* - One launch to geosynchronous orbit reached geosynchronous transfer orbit
Heliocentric	5	4	1	0

References

[https://books.google.com/books?id=KE5qk_P7vOwC U.S. Aeronautics and Space Report 1965]

=Footnotes=

Category:Spaceflight by year