1970 Caribbean–Azores hurricane

{{storm path|15-L 1970 track.png}}

The origins of the depression were identified as a tropical wave on September 22 over western Africa.{{cite journal|first=Neil L. |last=Frank|journal=Monthly Weather Review|date=April 1971|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/mwre/99/4/1520-0493_1971_099_0269_ahso_2_3_co_2.xml?tab_body=pdf|format=PDF|access-date=2011-01-06|title=Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1970|publisher=American Meteorological Society|pages=269–277|volume=99|number=4|bibcode = 1971MWRv...99..269S |doi = 10.1175/1520-0493(1971)099<0269:AHSO>2.3.CO;2 |doi-access=free}} The system exited the west coast of Africa the next day,{{cite web|author-link=David M. Roth |first=David M. |last=Roth |date=2008-09-24|title=Tropical Depression #19 - October 2–10, 1970|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center|access-date=2011-01-06|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/td19aof1970.html}} and on September 24 it developed into a tropical depression about {{convert|95|mi|km|abbr=on}} southwest of Conakry, Guinea. The depression moved generally westward, gradually intensifying to attain peak winds of {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} by September 25.{{Atlantic hurricane best track}} A nearby upper-level trough — an elongated area of low pressure — hindered further strengthening, and on October 1 the depression struck the island of Saint Lucia. As it crossed the Lesser Antilles, its winds and barometric pressure approached the values of a tropical storm.

In the Caribbean, the trough caused the depression to slow to a westward drift, resulting in several days of heavy rainfall in the region, particularly Puerto Rico. One forecast on October 5 anticipated a continued westward track toward Jamaica.{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|date=1970-10-05|title=SANBAR Forecast Track|access-date=2011-01-06|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/cdmp/dvd0037-jpg/1970/atlantic/td%2335/modelout/fcst051200z.jpg|format=JPG}} Instead, the depression turned to the north the next day under the influence of the upper-level westerlies. On October 7, the depression attained its lowest pressure of 1000 mbar (29.53 inHg), off the southern coast of Hispaniola. The next day, it made landfall in Peravia Province in the Dominican Republic. After crossing the country and exiting into the Atlantic Ocean, the depression accelerated to the northeast, followed by an eastward turn on October 10 before another turn to the northeast. By October 12, the depression could no longer be classified as a tropical cyclone, although satellite imagery indicated that its remnants continued northeastward. On October 15 the system turned to the west, suppressed by a strong high-pressure area to its north. It re-intensified while crossing through the Azores, attaining a pressure of 994 mbar. It turned to the northwest and was absorbed into the westerlies on October 20.

File:Tropical Depression Nineteen 1970 rainfall.gif

Around October 3, forecasters advised residents on islands from Barbados and St. Vincent through Guadeloupe to prepare for floods, high seas, and gale-force gusts.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=004fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ndEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4042,533486&dq=tropical+depression&hl=en |date=1970-10-03 |title=Depression Hits Windwards |agency=Associated Press |work=Daytona Beach Morning Journal |access-date=2011-01-06}} On October 10, a warning to be on guard against gusts was issued to owners of light aircraft in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_rsvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y0QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5428,2662935&dq=tropical+depression&hl=en |title=13 Dead In Floods Around Caribbean |work=Virgin Islands Daily News |agency=Associated Press |date=1970-10-09 |access-date=2011-01-06}} As it crossed through the islands, the depression produced heavy rainfall, including {{convert|8.90|in|mm|abbr=on}} on Saint Lucia, {{convert|2.19|in|mm|abbr=on}} on Dominica,{{cite web|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=1970-10-30|title=Impact from the Tropical Depression|access-date=2011-01-06|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/cdmp/dvd0037-jpg/1970/atlantic/td%2335/preloc/jsj1030etd.jpg|format=JPG}} and {{convert|12|in|mm|abbr=on}} on Barbados.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=x2tkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BX0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=2928,2780861&dq=tropical+depression&hl=en |title=Heavy Floods Hit Puerto Rico |agency=Associated Press |date=1970-01-06 |access-date=2011-01-06}} In the latter island, the depression left 200 people homeless, caused $500,000 in damage, and killed three people.{{cite web|author=Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance|title=Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide 1990-present|date=August 1993|access-date=2011-01-06|url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABP986.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718110440/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABP986.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 18, 2011}}

Heavy rains impacted the U.S. Virgin Islands, including a total of {{convert|11.4|in|mm|abbr=on}} recorded by the National Park Service on Saint John. The rains caused flooding across the territory, washing out roads and destroying several houses. One boy was swept away by the floodwaters, although he was rescued by two people. A girl was also swept by the floods and drowned.{{cite news|newspaper=The Virgin Islands Daily News|title=Island Cleaning Up After Heavy Deluge|access-date=2011-01-12|date=1970-10-09|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_rsvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y0QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5304,2657442&dq=virgin+islands+flood&hl=en}} The desalination plant on Saint Croix was damaged during the floods, temporarily stopping the supply of drinking water; water from Puerto Rico had to be shipped to provide the 700,000 gallons needed daily.{{cite news|newspaper=The Virgin Islands Daily News|date=1970-10-10|title=Evans Says Islands Major Disaster Area|access-date=2011-01-12|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_7svAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y0QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4738,2826211&dq=virgin+islands+flood&hl=en}} On St. Thomas, the main airport was closed for several days.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LYIsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dc0EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6785,1936540&dq=tropical+depression&hl=en |date=1970-10-09 |title=Caribbean Flood Deaths Mount |agency=Associated Press |work=Spartanburg Herald-Journal |access-date=2011-01-06}}

For six days, the depression dropped rainfall across the northern Caribbean, particularly in Puerto Rico. The highest overall rainfall total was {{convert|41.68|in|mm|abbr=on}}, recorded at a station near Jayuya in the center of the island. This was the highest rainfall total from a tropical cyclone on record in Puerto Rico, surpassing that of the deadly hurricanes of 1928 and 1899, which produced {{convert|29.6|in|mm|abbr=on}} and {{convert|23.0|in|mm|abbr=on}}, respectively.{{cite web|author=Orlando Pérez|year=1970|title=Notes on the Tropical Cyclones of Puerto Rico|publisher=San Juan, Puerto Rico National Weather Service|access-date=2011-01-09|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/data_sub/perez_21_34.pdf}} The station at Jayuya also recorded {{convert|17|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 24 hours. Four other locations reported over {{convert|30|in|mm|abbr=on}}.{{cite web|author=Puerto Rico National Weather Service|date=1970-10-07|title=Preliminary Rainfall Report|access-date=2011-01-06|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/cdmp/dvd0037-jpg/1970/atlantic/td%2335/rain/jsj_rain.01.jpg|format=JPG}} Such heavy rainfall caused 20 rivers to swell above flood stages.{{cite web|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=1970-10-07|title=Preliminary Damage Assessment|access-date=2011-01-06|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/cdmp/dvd0037-jpg/1970/atlantic/td%2335/preloc/jsj071653z.jpg|format=JPG}}

The depression left 10,000 people homeless across Puerto Rico,{{cite news|agency=Associated Press |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=71FWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iO0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=7435,4485353&dq=tropical+depression&hl=en |work=Spokesman Review |title=Puerto Rico Starts Flood Cleanup Job |date=1970-10-12| access-date=2011-01-06}} with 3,000 housed in emergency shelters in San Juan. At least 600 houses were destroyed and another 1,000 damaged.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_7svAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y0QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6455,2737943&dq=tropical+depression&hl=en |title=Puerto Rico Reeling From 4 Day Floods |agency=Associated Press |date=1970-10-10 |work=Virgin Islands Daily News |access-date=2011-01-06}} Damage was particularly severe in Barceloneta, Aibonito, and Coamo. Across the island, the depression affected at least 40 state roads, with fifteen blocked by landslides, and eleven bridges destroyed.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bv1HAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wf8MAAAAIBAJ&pg=1665,5070218&dq=tropical+depression&hl=en |date=1970-10-08 |title=Floods Kill 10 In Barbados, Puerto Rico |work=Morning Record |access-date=2011-01-06 |agency=Associated Press}} Flooding forced the closure of Puerto Rico Highway 2 between Manatí and Barceloneta. The depression left more than $40 million (1970 USD$, {{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|40000000|1971}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD) in crop damage, primarily to sugarcane and coffee, as reported by William R. Poage, the chair of the House Agricultural Committee. Throughout Puerto Rico, the depression caused damage estimated at $65 million (1970 USD$, {{Formatprice|{{Inflation|US|65000000|1971}}}} {{#time:Y}} USD), as well as at least 18 confirmed fatalities. A report six months after the depression indicated there were 34 people missing, although their status is unknown.

In the aftermath of the disaster, Luis A. Ferré, the Governor of Puerto Rico, declared a state of emergency over the whole island,{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86145798/the-palm-beach-post/|title=Puerto Rico Asks U.S. Flood Relief |work=Palm Beach Post |date=1970-10-09 |agency=United Press International |access-date=2021-09-28}} asking for $10 million (1970 USD) in federal aid. On October 12, two days after the rains subsided, President Richard Nixon declared the territory as a disaster area.{{cite web|publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency|date=2005-05-20|title=Puerto Rico Heavy Rains, Flooding|access-date=2011-01-06|url=http://www.fema.gov/news/event.fema?id=1497|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608091023/http://www.fema.gov/news/event.fema?id=1497|archive-date=2010-06-08}} Ferre also appeared in a telethon to raise funds for the homeless. The National Guard, the Red Cross, and other volunteer groups helped the displaced persons. In all, the disaster was described as one of the worst in Puerto Rico history. The Governor of the Virgin Islands, Melvin Evans, requested aid similar to Puerto Rico, and that territory was also declared a federal disaster area about a week after the rains ended.{{cite web|publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency|date=2005-05-20|title=US Virgin Islands Heavy Rains, Flooding|access-date=2011-01-12|url=http://www.fema.gov/news/eventcounties.fema?id=1499|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409112149/http://www.fema.gov/news/eventcounties.fema?id=1499|archive-date=2010-04-09}} The heavy rainfall in the Virgin Islands caused a marked dinoflagellate algal bloom in the days after the rains ended.{{cite journal|author1=Paul R. Burkholder|author2=Robert W. Brody and Arthur E. Dammann|title=Some Phytoplankton Blooms in the Virgin Islands|journal=Caribbean Journal of Science|date=June 1972|access-date=2011-01-12|pages=25–26|volume=1|url=http://academic.uprm.edu/publications/cjs/VOL12/P023-028.PDF}}

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Category:1970 Atlantic hurricane season

Category:Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes

Category:Hurricanes in Barbados

Category:Hurricanes in Dominica

Category:Hurricanes in Puerto Rico

Category:Hurricanes in Saint Lucia

Category:Hurricanes in the United States Virgin Islands

Category:History of British Saint Lucia

Category:1970 in Dominica