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1977 in spaceflight

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{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}

{{Wikipedia:WikiProject Timeline of spaceflight/Cleanup|incomplete=yes|refs=yes}}

{{Infobox Year in spaceflight

|year = 1977

|image = Titan 3E Centaur launches Voyager 2.jpg

|caption = Launch of Voyager 2 on a Titan IIIE

|first= 6 January

|last= 27 December

|total= 130

|success=

|failed=

|partial=

|catalogued= 124

|maidens= Mu-3H
Tsyklon-3

|retired= Kosmos-2I
Titan IIIE

|orbital= 3

|totalcrew= 6

}}

{{Infobox spaceflight

| programme = Timeline of spaceflight

| previous_mission = 1976

| next_mission = 1978

}}

Spaceflight in 1977 included some important events such as the roll out of the Space Shuttle orbiter, Voyager 1 and Voyager space probes were launched. NASA received the Space Shuttle orbiter later named {{OV|101|full=no}}, on 14 January. This unpowered sub-orbital space plane was launched off the top of a modified 747 and was flown uncrewed until 13 August until a human crew landed the Enterprise for the first time.

In August and September, the two Voyager spacecraft to the outer planets were launched. Voyager 2, launched on 20 August, went on to fly past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Voyager 1, which was launched on 5 September, flew past Jupiter and Saturn, with a planned flyby of Pluto being cancelled in favour of a closer flyby of Titan.Hughes, J. (1996) Larrousse Desk Reference Encloypedia London RD press, World Aircraft Information Files (2001) London Aerospace publishing Ltd

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Launches

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{{TLS-RL|NoPL=1

|date =19 February

|time =05:15

|rocket ={{flagicon|JPN}}M-3H

|flight =

|site ={{flagicon|JPN}}Kagoshima Space Center LP-M

|LSP ={{flagicon|JPN}}ISAS

|remarks =First flight of M-3H

|empty =

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|name ={{flagicon|JPN}}MS-T3 (Tansei 3)

|cubesat =

|user =ISAS

|orbit =Highly elliptical orbit

|function =Technology test

|d-date =

|d-time =

|outcome =Successful

|d-span =

|o-span =

}}

}}

{{TLS-RL|NoPL=1

|date= 16 June |time= 10:51:00

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA}}Delta 2914

|site = {{flagicon|USA}}Cape Canaveral LC-17B

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA}}

|remarks=Retired on 5 May 2001 and moved to a graveyard orbit

|payload={{TLS-PL

|name={{flagicon|USA}}GOES 2

|user=NOAA

|function=Weather

|orbit=Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geostationary

|outcome=Successful}}

}}

{{TLS-RL|NoPL=1

|date = 20 August |time= 14:29:44

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA}}Titan IIIE

|site = {{flagicon|USA}}Cape Canaveral LC-41

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|name = {{flagicon|USA}}Voyager 2

|user = NASA

|function = Planetary

|orbit = Heliocentric to Galactocentric

|outcome = Successful
Operational}}

|remarks = Spacecraft flew past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, first spacecraft to visit Uranus and Neptune

}}

{{TLS-RL|NoPL=1

|date = 5 September |time= 12:56:01

|rocket = {{flagicon|USA}}Titan IIIE

|site = {{flagicon|USA}}Cape Canaveral LC-41

|LSP = {{flagicon|USA}}

|payload = {{TLS-PL

|name = {{flagicon|USA}}Voyager 1

|user = NASA

|function = Planetary

|orbit = Heliocentric to Galactocentric

|outcome = Successful
Operational}}

|remarks = Final flight of Titan IIIE, spacecraft flew past Jupiter and Saturn

}}

|}

Deep space rendezvous

class=wikitable width="100%"

!Date

!Spacecraft

!Event

!Remarks

20 FebruaryViking Orbiter 1Flyby of PhobosClosest approach: {{convert|89|km|mi}}
OctoberViking Orbiter 2Flyby of Deimos

EVAs

class="wikitable" width="100%"
Start Date/Time

!Duration

!End Time

!Spacecraft

!Crew

!Remarks

19 December
21:36

|1 hour
{{nowrap|28 minutes}}

|23:04

|Salyut 6
PE-1

|{{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Georgi Grechko (full)
{{nowrap|{{flagicon|USSR|1955}}Yuri Romanenko (stand-up)}}

|First Russian EVA in over 8 years and the first use of the Orlan-D spacesuit.{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.astronautix.com/craft/orlan.htm |title=Orlan |access-date=February 13, 2009 |last=Wade |first=Mark |year=2009 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Astronautica web site| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090326054129/http://www.astronautix.com/craft/orlan.htm| archive-date= 26 March 2009 | url-status=dead}} Grechko inspected the front docking port for damage from the failed Soyuz 25 docking and found no damage, while Romanenko assisted from the open hatch.

References

{{TLS-R}}

=Footnotes=

{{reflist|2}}


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{{Orbital launches in 1977}}

Category:Spaceflight by year