1990 Romanian general election
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Romania
| election_date = 20 May 1990
| turnout = 86.20%
| module = {{Infobox election
| embed = yes
| election_name = Presidential election
| type = Presidential
| previous_election = 1985 Romanian presidential election
| previous_year = 1985
| next_election = 1992 Romanian general election
| next_year = 1992
| image_size = 130x130px
| image1 = Ion Iliescu - Sep 2003.jpg
| nominee1 = Ion Iliescu
| party1 = National Salvation Front (Romania)
| popular_vote1 = 12,232,498
| percentage1 = 85.07%
| image2 = Radu Câmpeanu.jpg
| nominee2 = Radu Câmpeanu
| party2 = National Liberal Party (Romania)
| popular_vote2 = 1,529,188
| percentage2 = 10.64%
| image3 = Ion Ratiu.jpg
| nominee3 = Ion Rațiu
| party3 = Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
| popular_vote3 = 617,007
| percentage3 = 4.29%
| map_image = 1990 Romanian presidential election.svg
| map_caption = Results by county
Iliescu: {{legend0|#cd65db|60–70%}} {{legend0|#bc3bcd|70–80%}} {{legend0|#962aa4|80–90%}} {{legend0|#6f1e7a|>90%}}
Câmpeanu: {{legend0|#F4C200|60–70%}} {{legend0|#DAAE00|70–80%}}
| title = President
| before_election = Ion Iliescu
| after_election = Ion Iliescu
| before_party = FSN
| after_party = FSN
| module = {{Infobox legislative election
| embed = yes
| election_name = Assembly of Deputies
| previous_election = 1985
| next_election = 1992
| first_election=yes
| seats_for_election = All 396 seats in the Assembly of Deputies
| party1 = National Salvation Front (Romania)
| leader1 = Ion Iliescu
| percentage1 = 66.31
| seats1 = 263
| party2 = Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
| leader2 = Géza Domokos
| percentage2 = 7.23
| seats2 = 29
| party3 = National Liberal Party (Romania)
| leader3 = Radu Câmpeanu
| percentage3 = 6.41
| seats3 = 29
| party4 = Ecological Movement of Romania
| leader4 = Toma George Maiorescu
| percentage4 = 2.62
| seats4 = 12
| party5 = Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
| leader5 = Corneliu Coposu
| percentage5 = 2.56
| seats5 = 12
| party6 = Alliance for Romanian Unity
| percentage6 = 2.12
| seats6 = 9
| party7 = Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania
| leader7 = Victor Surdu
| percentage7 = 1.83
| seats7 = 9
| party8 = Ecologist Party of Romania
| leader8 = Otto Weber
| percentage8 = 1.69
| seats8 = 8
| party9 = Romanian Socialist Democratic Party
| leader9 = Cornel Nica
| percentage9 = 1.05
| seats9 = 5
| party10 = Romanian Social Democratic Party (1990–2001)
| leader10 = Sergiu Cunescu
| percentage10 = 0.53
| seats10 = 2
| party11 = Democratic Group of the Centre
| percentage11 = 0.48
| seats11 = 2
| party12 = Democratic Party of Labour
| percentage12 = 0.38
| seats12 = 1
| party13 = Party of Free Change
| leader13 = Ștefan Cazimir
| percentage13 = 0.34
| seats13 = 1
| party14 = National Reconstruction Party of Romania
| percentage14 = 0.32
| seats14 = 1
| party15 = Party of Young Free Democrats of Romania
| percentage15 = 0.32
| seats15 = 1
| party16 = Liberal Union–Brătianu
| percentage16 =0.27
| seats16 = 1
| party17 = Minority parties
| percentage17 = 0.99
| seats17 = 11
| map = 1990 Romanian Chamber of Deputies election.svg
| map_caption = Results by county
| module = {{Infobox legislative election
| embed = yes
| election_name = Senate
| previous_election = 1939
| next_election = 1992
| first_election=yes
| seats_for_election = All 119 seats in the Senate
| party1 = National Salvation Front (Romania)
| leader1 = Ion Iliescu
| percentage1 = 67.02
| seats1 = 91
| party19 = Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
| percentage19 = 7.20
| seats19 = 12
| leader19 = Géza Domokos
| party20 = National Liberal Party (Romania)
| leader20 = Radu Câmpeanu
| percentage20 = 7.06
| seats20 = 10
| party21 = Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
| leader21 = Corneliu Coposu
| seats21 = 1
| percentage21 = 2.50
| party22 = Ecological Movement of Romania
| leader22 = Toma George Maiorescu
| seats22 = 1
| percentage22 = 2.45
| party23 = Alliance for Romanian Unity
| seats23 = 2
| percentage23 = 2.15
| party24 = Ecologist Party of Romania
| leader24 = Otto Weber
| seats24 = 1
| percentage24 = 1.38
| party25 = Independents
| seats25 = 1
| leader25 = Antonie Iorgovan
| percentage25 = 3.06
| map = 1990 Romanian Senate election.svg
| map_caption = Results by county
| title = Prime Minister
| posttitle = Prime Minister-designate
| before_election = Petre Roman
| after_election = Petre Roman
| before_party = National Salvation Front (Romania)
| after_party = National Salvation Front (Romania)
}}}}}}}}{{Politics of Romania}}
General elections were held in Romania on 20 May 1990 to elect the President and members of Parliament.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p1591 {{ISBN|978-3-8329-5609-7}} They were the first elections held after the overthrow of the communist regime six months earlier and the first free elections held in the country since 1937.[https://www.chicagotribune.com/1990/03/30/romanians-hope-free-elections-mark-revolutions-next-stage/ Romanians Hope Free Elections Mark Revolution's Next Stage]. Chicago Tribune. 30 March 1990. It was also the first time the president had been directly elected, the position having been previously elected by the legislature since it was introduced in 1974.[http://countrystudies.us/romania/66.htm Romania: Central Government] Library of Congress Country Studies
The National Salvation Front (FSN), which had headed the interim government that took power after the overthrow of Nicolae Ceaușescu, won a decisive victory. Opposition parties performed well below expectations; none of them had the time or resources to present themselves as alternatives to the FSN.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/21/world/evolution-in-europe-front-in-romania-seems-victorious-in-free-elections.html|title=Front In Romania Seems Victorious In Free Elections|work=The New York Times|date=21 May 1990}} Interim President and FSN leader Ion Iliescu was elected for a full term with 85 percent of the vote. The FSN also won large majorities in both houses of Parliament, with 263 of the 395 seats in the Assembly of Deputies and 91 of the 118 seats in the Senate.
The United States State Department expressed concerns about organised violence and polling irregularities, but concluded that they had had no effect on the outcome and pronounced the elections free and fair.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/26/world/evolution-in-europe-romanian-election-is-valid-despite-flaws-us-declares.html|title=Romanian Election Is Valid Despite Flaws, U.S. Declares|work=The New York Times|date=26 May 1990}}
To date, this is the only time since direct presidential elections were introduced in which a president was elected in a single round. Iliescu's 85 percent vote share also remains the highest for a direct presidential election.
Presidential candidates
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |
| Name
! Lifespan ! class="unsortable" | Public Administration Experience ! Affiliation and endorsements ! class="unsortable" | Alma mater and profession ! Candidacy |
|---|
| {{hs|Iliescu}}x160px Ion Iliescu |Born: {{dts|1930|03|03}} |Acting President of Romania: 1989–election day |Affiliation: FSN |Energy Institute, Moscow State University (1954) |Official: {{dts|1990|04|08}}{{Cite web|url=http://stiri.tvr.ro/|title=Stiri.tvr.ro - Site-ul de stiri al TVR|website=Stiri.tvr.ro}} |
| {{hs|Câmpeanu}}x160px Radu Câmpeanu |Born: {{dts|1922|02|28}} | |Affiliation: PNL |Faculty of Law, University of Bucharest (1945) |BEC filing: {{dts|1990|04|19}}{{Cite web|url=https://jurnalul.ro/special-jurnalul/radu-campeanu-campanie-mai-mult-afara-decat-in-tara-543846.html|title=Radu Câmpeanu, campanie mai mult afară decât în ţară|website=jurnalul.ro}} |
| {{hs|Rațiu}}x160px Ion Rațiu |Born: {{dts|1917|06|06}} |Chancellor at Romanian Embassy in UK (1940) |Affiliation: PNȚCD |Faculty of Law, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca (1938) |Official: {{dts|1990|04|06}}{{Cite web|url=https://jurnalul.ro/special-jurnalul/ion-ratiu-candidatul-taranist-la-presedintie-540239.html|title=Ion Raţiu – candidatul ţărănist la Preşedinţie|website=jurnalul.ro}} |
Results
=President=
{{Election results
|cand1=Ion Iliescu|party1=National Salvation Front|votes1=12232498
|cand2=Radu Câmpeanu|party2=National Liberal Party|votes2=1529188
|cand3=Ion Rațiu|party3=Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party|votes3=617007
|invalid=447923
|electorate=17200722
|source=[http://www.roaep.ro/alegeri_1990/wp-content/uploads/81-82.pdf AEP]
}}
File:Romanian presidential election 1990 - Iliescu.svg|Ion Iliescu
File:Romanian presidential election 1990 - Campeanu.svg|Radu Câmpeanu
File:Romanian presidential election 1990 - Ratiu.svg|Ion Rațiu
File:Romanian presidential election 1990 - overview.svg|Overview
=Parliament=
==Senate==
File:Romanian legislative election 1990 - Senate.svg
{{Election results
|image=File:Romania Senate 1990.svg
|party1=National Salvation Front|votes1=9353006|seats1=91
|party2=Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania|votes2=1004353|seats2=12
|party3=National Liberal Party|votes3=985094|seats3=10
|party4=Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party|votes4=348687|seats4=1
|party5=Ecological Movement of Romania|votes5=341478|seats5=1
|party6=Alliance for Romanian Unity|votes6=300473|seats6=2
|party7=Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania|votes7=221790|seats7=0
|party8=Ecologist Party of Romania|votes8=192574|seats8=1
|party9=Romanian Socialist Democratic Party|votes9=152989|seats9=0
|party10=Romanian Social Democratic Party|votes10=69762|seats10=0
|party11=Democratic Group of the Centre|votes11=65440|seats11=0
|party12=National Reconstruction Party|votes12=52465|seats12=0
|party13=Party of Free Change|votes13=46247|seats13=0
|party14=Democratic Party of Labour|votes14=44360|seats14=0
|party15=Liberal Union–Brătianu|votes15=35943|seats15=0
|party17=Party of Young Free Democrats|votes17=32506|seats17=0
|party18=Cooperatist Party|votes18=22869|seats18=0
|party19=Christian Democratic Union|votes19=21210|seats19=0
|party20=Democratic Union of the Roma of Romania|votes20=19847|seats20=0
|party21=Democratic Forum of Germans|votes21=19105|seats21=0
|party22=Liberal Party of Freedom of Romania|votes22=14546|seats22=0
|party23=Democratic Environmentalist Party|votes23=14496|seats23=0
|party24=Party of Democratic Unity|votes24=14069|seats24=0
|party25=Party of Democratic Unity of Moldova|votes25=13111|seats25=0
|party26=Party of Labour|votes26=11397|seats26=0
|party27=Republican Christian Party|votes27=11045|seats27=0
|party28=Grouping of the Centre 'New Romania'|votes28=9405|seats28=0
|party29=Humanistic Ecological Party - founded in Arad|votes29=8888|seats29=0
|party30=Turkish Muslim Democratic Union|votes30=8489|seats30=0
|party31=Union of the Ukrainians of Romania|votes31=8310|seats31=0
|party32=Party Christian Orthodox Union|votes32=7324|seats32=0
|party33=Democratic Union 'Tara Oasului'|votes33=7181|seats33=0
|party34=Party of Christian Union of Romania|votes34=7045|seats34=0
|party35=Romanian Christian Social Democratic Party|votes35=6964|seats35=0
|party36=Party of the Gypsies of Romania|votes36=5565|seats36=0
|party37=Party of Social Justice|votes37=5344|seats37=0
|party38=Party Alliance for Democracy|votes38=4958|seats38=0
|party39=Party of Labour and Social Justice of Romania|votes39=4490|seats39=0
|party40=Romanian Party for a New Society|votes40=3860|seats40=0
|party41=Romanian Peasant Party|votes41=3547|seats41=0
|party42=Republican Union Party|votes42=3280|seats42=0
|party43=Party for National and Democratic Reconstruction|votes43=3228|seats43=0
|party44=Democratic Party of Cluj|votes44=2751|seats44=0
|party45=Radical Democratic Party|votes45=2600|seats45=0
|party46=Free Democratic Union of Roma of Romania|votes46=2505|seats46=0
|party47=Romanian Popular Front of National Salvation|votes47=1660|seats47=0
|party48=Association of Former Political Prisoners/Detainees and Victims of the Dictatorship in Romania|votes48=1613|seats48=0
|party49=Humanitarian Party of Peace|votes49=1599|seats49=0
|party50=Constitutional Democratic Party of Romania|votes50=1224|seats50=0
|party51=Party for the Honouring of the Heroes of the Revolution and National Salvation|votes51=1089|seats51=0
|party52=Romanian National Party|votes52=1019|seats52=0
|party53=Party Democratic Future of the Motherland|votes53=1008|seats53=0
|party54=Democratic Progressive Party|votes54=914|seats54=0
|party55=Union of Poles of Romania|votes55=848|seats55=0
|party56=National Republican Party|votes56=754|seats56=0
|party57=Workers Alliance 'Freedom' Anticommunist and Antifascist|votes57=672|seats57=0
|party58=National Progressive Party|votes58=634|seats58=0
|party59=Party of the Romanian House of Democratic Europe|votes59=553|seats59=0
|party60=Movement 'Young Democracy'|votes60=462|seats60=0
|party61=Independents|votes61=427535|seats61=1
|invalid=869584
|total_sc=0
|electorate=17200722
|source=[http://www.roaep.ro/alegeri_1990/wp-content/uploads/81-82.pdf AEP]
}}
==Assembly of Deputies==
File:Romanian legislative election 1990 - Deputees.svg
{{Election results
|image=File:Romania Parliament 1990.svg
|party1=National Salvation Front|votes1=9089659|seats1=263
|party2=Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania|votes2=991601|seats2=29
|party3=National Liberal Party|votes3=879290|seats3=29
|party4=Ecological Movement of Romania|votes4=358864|seats4=12
|party5=Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party|votes5=351357|seats5=12
|party6=Alliance for Romanian Unity|votes6=290875|seats6=9
|party7=Democratic Agrarian Party of Romania|votes7=250403|seats7=9
|party8=Ecologist Party of Romania|votes8=232212|seats8=8
|party9=Romanian Socialist Democratic Party|votes9=143393|seats9=5
|party10=Romanian Social Democratic Party|votes10=73014|seats10=2
|party11=Democratic Group of the Centre|votes11=65914|seats11=2
|party12=Democratic Party of Labour|votes12=52595|seats12=1
|party13=Party of Free Change|votes13=47017|seats13=1
|party14=National Reconstruction Party|votes14=43808|seats14=1
|party15=Party of Young Free Democrats|votes15=43188|seats15=1
|party16=Democratic Forum of Germans|votes16=38768|seats16=1
|party17=Liberal Union–Brătianu|votes17=36869|seats17=1
|party18=Democratic Union of the Roma of Romania|votes18=29162|seats18=1
|party19=Democratic Environmentalist Party|votes19=26058|seats19=0
|party20=Cooperatist Party|votes20=24749|seats20=0
|party21=Christian Democratic Union|votes21=24001|seats21=0
|party22=United Democratic Party of the Roma Woodworkers and Fiddlers in Romania|votes22=21847|seats22=0
|party23=Romanian Peasant Party|votes23=21588|seats23=0
|party24=Liberal Party of Freedom of Romania|votes24=20744|seats24=0
|party25=Community of the Lipovan Russians|votes25=17974|seats25=1
|party26=Party Christian Orthodox Union|votes26=17521|seats26=0
|party27=Socialist Party of Justice|votes27=17484|seats27=0
|party28=Party of the Gypsies of Romania|votes28=16865|seats28=0
|party29=Party of Democratic Unity from Moldova|votes29=16863|seats29=0
|party30=Party of Democratic Unity|votes30=16354|seats30=0
|party31=Union of the Ukrainians of Romania|votes31=16179|seats31=1
|party32=Party of Christian Union|votes32=14902|seats32=0
|party33=Humanistic Ecological Party|votes33=12739|seats33=0
|party34=Romanian Party for the New Society|votes34=12305|seats34=0
|party35=Party of Labour|votes35=10744|seats35=0
|party36=Democratic Union of the Serbs of Romania|votes36=9095|seats36=1
|party37=Grouping of the Centre 'New Romania'|votes37=9073|seats37=0
|party38=Christian Republican Party|votes38=8939|seats38=0
|party39=Turkish Muslim Democratic Union|votes39=8600|seats39=1
|party40=Democratic Christian Party of the Roma of Romania|votes40=7939|seats40=0
|party41=Party Alliance for Democracy|votes41=6695|seats41=0
|party42=Democratic Union 'Țara Oasului'|votes42=6215|seats42=0
|party43=Romanian Social Democratic Christian Party|votes43=6194|seats43=0
|party44=Romanian Popular Front of National Salvation|votes44=5208|seats44=0
|party45=Hellenic Union of Romania|votes45=4932|seats45=1
|party46=Free Democratic Union of Roma in Romania|votes46=4605|seats46=0
|party47=Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs of Romania|votes47=4584|seats47=1
|party48=National Romanian Party|votes48=3983|seats48=0
|party49=Bulgarian Union of Banat – Bulgarian Cultural Association from Bucharest|votes49=3451|seats49=1
|party50=Radical Democratic Party|votes50=3240|seats50=0
|party51=Party for National and Democratic Reconstruction|votes51=3223|seats51=0
|party52=Republican Union Party|votes52=2693|seats52=0
|party53=Independent Hungarian Party|votes53=2578|seats53=0
|party54=Modern Democratic Movement|votes54=2488|seats54=0
|party55=Union of Poles of Romania|votes55=2372|seats55=1
|party56=Forum of Democracy and National Unity of Romania|votes56=2176|seats56=0
|party57=Party of Labour and Social Justice of Romania|votes57=2146|seats57=0
|party58=Party of the Democratic Future of the Motherland|votes58=2091|seats58=0
|party59=Party of Social Justice (New Democracy) of the North West of Romania|votes59=2073|seats59=0
|party60=National Republican Party|votes60=1610|seats60=0
|party61=Progressive Democratic Party|votes61=1495|seats61=0
|party62=Association of Former Political Prisoners/Detainees and Victims of the Dictatorship in Romania|votes62=1404|seats62=0
|party63=National Progressive Party|votes63=1116|seats63=0
|party64=Democratic Constitutional Party of Romania|votes64=946|seats64=0
|party65=Party for the Honouring of the Heroes of the Revolution and National Salvation|votes65=891|seats65=0
|party66=Democratic Party of Cluj|votes66=425|seats66=0
|party67=Union of Armenians of Romania|votes67=399|seats67=1
|party68=Party of the Romanian House of Democratic Europe|votes68=390|seats68=0
|party69=Movement 'Young Democracy'|votes69=328|seats69=0
|party70=Independents|votes70=256656|seats70=0
|invalid=1117858
|total_sc=0
|electorate=17200722
|source=[http://www.roaep.ro/alegeri_1990/wp-content/uploads/81-82.pdf AEP]
}}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Romanian elections}}
{{Romanian presidential elections}}
{{Ion Iliescu}}
Category:Parliamentary elections in Romania