1992 Cameroonian presidential election
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
|country = Cameroon
|type = presidential
|previous_election = 1988 Cameroonian general election
|previous_year = 1988
|next_election = 1997 Cameroonian presidential election
|next_year = 1997
|election_date = 11 October 1992
|registered = 4,195,687
|turnout = 71.87%
|image_size = 130x130px
|nominee1 = Paul Biya
|image1 = Biya behind podium.jpg
|party1 = Cameroon People's Democratic Movement
|popular_vote1 = 1,185,466
|percentage1 = 39.98%
|nominee2 = John Fru Ndi
|image2 = GedFruNdi.JPG
|party2 = Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)
|popular_vote2 = 1,066,602
|percentage2 = 35.97%
|nominee3 = Bello Bouba Maigari
|image3 = 3x4.svg
|party3 = National Union for Democracy and Progress (Cameroon)
|popular_vote3 = 569,887
|percentage3 = 19.22%
| map_image = 1992 Cameroonian presidential election results by province.svg
| map_caption = Results by province
Biya: {{legend0|#b4d0ec|40-50%}} {{legend0|#679fd7|60–70%}} {{legend0|#4187cd|70–80%}} {{legend0|#244e79|>90%}}
Ndi: {{legend0|#73bc84|50-60%}} {{legend0|#3fa457|60–70%}} {{legend0|#006e1a|80–90%}}
Maigari: {{legend0|#d79346|50-60%}} {{legend0|#c56900|60-70%}}
|title = President
|before_election = Paul Biya
|before_party = Cameroon People's Democratic Movement
|after_election = Paul Biya
|after_party = Cameroon People's Democratic Movement
}}{{Politics of Cameroon}}
Presidential elections were held in Cameroon on 11 October 1992. They were the first multi-party presidential election since multi-party politics had been legalised.{{Cite journal |date=1993 |title=Election Watch |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/225486 |journal=Journal of Democracy |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=130–134 |issn=1086-3214}} They were also the first to feature more than one candidate. Incumbent Paul Biya won with 40% of the vote.[http://africanelections.tripod.com/cm.html Elections in Cameroon], African Elections Database Voter turnout was 72%.Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) Elections in Africa: A data handbook, p184 {{ISBN|0-19-829645-2}}
The SDF accused the incumbent government of election fraud.{{Cite journal |date=1993 |title=Election Watch |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/225486 |journal=Journal of Democracy |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=130–134 |issn=1086-3214}} International election monitors questioned the validity of the results.
Background
The 1992 presidential elections were a crucial moment in Cameroon's post-independence history. Although an assortment of opposition leaders—most importantly the anglophone Social Democratic Front leader John Fru Ndi—furiously opposed President Biya and sought to unseat him between 1990 and 1992, they were ultimately unable to do so. Although opposition was successful in forcing Biya to accept multi-party politics and severely pressured his regime, he nevertheless retained control of the country and faced a divided opposition in the 1992 elections. The opposition's failure to present a single candidate offered a significant advantage to Biya, as the electoral law did not provide for a second round, and therefore the opposition candidates could not unite against Biya in the event he failed to win a majority.
Results
Official results showed Biya winning the election with 40% of the vote, while Fru Ndi trailed with 36%. The results were denounced as fraudulent by the opposition, and Fru Ndi claimed victory, but his claim proved fruitless.
{{Election results
|cand1=Paul Biya|party1=Cameroon People's Democratic Movement|votes1=1185466
|cand2=John Fru Ndi|party2=Social Democratic Front|votes2=1066602
|cand3=Bello Bouba Maigari|party3=National Union for Democracy and Progress|votes3=569887
|cand4=Adamou Ndam Njoya|party4=Cameroon Democratic Union|votes4=107411
|cand5=Jean-Jacques Ekindi|party5=Progressive Movement|votes5=23525
|cand6=Emah Otu|party6=Grouping of Patriotic Forces|votes6=12545
|invalid=50012
|electorate=4195687
|source=Nohlen et al.
}}