1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo
{{Short description|1992 protests in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Anti-war protests in Sarajevo
| partof = the Siege of Sarajevo and the Bosnian War
| image = Anti-war protests in Sarajevo 1992.jpg
| caption = Thousands of protesters in front of the parliament building.
| date = 5–6 April 1992
| place = Sarajevo, Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
| coordinates =
| causes = *Bosnian Serb barricades set up around Sarajevo
- Opposition to Serbian nationalist militias
- Opposition to the pro-Yugoslav government
| goals = *Military withdrawal of the JNA forces and SDS paramilitary troops from Bosnia and Herzegovina
| methods = *Demonstrations
| status =
| result = Government of the SR Bosnia and Herzegovina overthrown
| side1 = {{Flagicon|Bosnia|1992}} Government opposition (De jure)
| side2 = {{tree list}}
- {{flagicon|SR Bosnia and Herzegovina}} Government of SR Bosnia and Herzegovina
- {{flagicon|Republika Srpska}} SDS paramilitary forces
{{tree list/end}}
{{Flagicon|Bosnia|1992}} Government opposition (De facto)
| side3 =
| leadfigures1 = No centralized leadership
| leadfigures2 = {{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} Slobodan Milošević
{{flagicon|Republika Srpska}} Radovan Karadžić
{{flagicon|Bosnia|1992}} Alija Izetbegović{{cite book |last=Caplan |first=Richard |date=2005 |title=Europe and the Recognition of New States in Yugoslavia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=124 |isbn=0521821762}}
{{flagicon|Bosnia|1992}} Dragan Vikić
{{flagicon|Bosnia|1992}} Josip Pejaković
| leadfigures3 =
| howmany1 = 100,000 protesters
| howmany2 = 6 snipers
| casualties1 = Olga Sučić, {{no redirect|Suada Dilberović}}, 4 more
| casualties2 = Unknown
| injuries = 50 injuries
| arrests = 6 Serb paramilitary members in the "Holiday Inn" hotel
| detentions =
| charged =
| fined =
| casualties_label =
| notes =
}}
On 5 April 1992, in response to events all over Bosnia and Herzegovina 100,000 people of all nationalities turned out for a peace rally in Sarajevo. Serb Democratic Party (SDS) snipers in the Holiday Inn in the heart of Sarajevo opened fire on the crowd, killing six people and wounding several more. Suada Dilberović and an ethnic Croat woman Olga Sučić were in the first rows, protesting on the Vrbanja bridge at the time. The bridge on which Sučić and Dilberović were killed was later renamed in their honor. Six SDS snipers were arrested, but were exchanged when the SDS threatened to kill the commander of the Bosnian police academy who had been captured the previous day, after the Serb paramilitaries took over the academy and arrested him.{{cite web|title=Sarajevo, 20 years on|date=8 April 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/bosnia/9192198/Sarajevo-20-years-on.html|access-date=26 April 2015}}{{cite book|author=Brendan O'Shea|title=The Modern Yugoslave Conflict 1991-1995: Perception, Deception and Dishonesty|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KoHQEEDzL5AC&pg=PA35|access-date=22 July 2013|date=January 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-35705-0|page=35}}{{cite book|author=Kemal Kurspahić|title=Prime Time Crime: Balkan Media in War and Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dyN2xrDAE98C&pg=PA99|access-date=22 July 2013|date=1 January 2003|publisher=US Institute of Peace Press|isbn=978-1-929223-39-8|page=99}}
Storming of the parliament building
The protesters stormed into the parliament building where they founded the so-called "Narodni parliament" (People's parliament), and where they offered everybody to make a two-minute speech on what should be done next in solving the siege problem. Many famous Sarajevans spoke to the full parliament main hall. The president of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Alija Izetbegović also appeared and presented himself, to the crowd, as more of a citizen rather than a president, which brought loud cheering and applause. This is despite the fact that, in February 1992, Alija claimed that "[He] would sacrifice peace for a sovereign Bosnia-Herzegovina".{{Cite book |last=Caplan |first=Richard |title=Europe and the Recognition of New States in Yugoslavia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |isbn=0521821762 |pages=124 |language=English}} The atmosphere was at its highest point when the commander of the Special forces unit of the Ministry of Interior, Dragan Vikić appeared and told the audience: "To arm against the Serbian aggression".{{cite web|last1=(In Bosnian)|title=About Dragan Vikić|url=http://www.historija.ba/d/502-roden-dragan-vikic-/|website=historija.ba|access-date=26 April 2015}}
Legacy
It is disputed between Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs who the first casualties of the Bosnian War are. Bosniaks and Croats consider the first casualties of the war to be Suada Dilberović and Olga Sučić.{{cite web|title=Video of the attack|url=http://radiosarajevo.ba/novost/108520/video-prvog-napada-na-sarajevo-5-april-1992|website=radiosarajevo.ba|access-date=26 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511005847/http://www.radiosarajevo.ba/novost/108520/video-prvog-napada-na-sarajevo-5-april-1992|archive-date=2013-05-11|url-status=dead}}{{cite book|author=Robert J. Donia|title=Sarajevo: A Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ACvJHam2_-oC&pg=PA284|access-date=22 July 2013|year=2006|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-11557-0|page=284}} Serbs consider Nikola Gardović, a groom's father who was killed at a Serb wedding procession on the second day of the referendum, on 1 March 1992 in Sarajevo's old town Baščaršija, to be the first victim of the war.{{cite web|url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/91/8618.pdf|title=International Court of Justice: Case Concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide|publisher=Icj-cij.org|access-date=2013-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208105232/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/91/8618.pdf|archive-date=2013-02-08|url-status=dead}}
Testimony provided by former JNA General Aleksandar Vasiljević during the Slobodan Milosevic war crimes trial in the Hague contradicts the allegation that it was Serbian snipers who opened fire.{{cite web|title=Testimony of Aleksandar Vasiljevic, Slobodan Milosevic trial transcript |date=17 February 2003|pages=16235/16240|url=http://www.icty.org/x/cases/slobodan_milosevic/trans/en/030217ED.htm|access-date=2013-10-26}}
See also
References
{{Yugoslav Wars}}
{{Alija Izetbegović}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarajevo anti-war protests, 1992}}
Category:Sarajevo in the Bosnian War
Category:1992 in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Category:Breakup of Yugoslavia