1995 Nobel Prizes

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The 1995 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.{{Cite web |title=All Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/1999-1990/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}

Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1995 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1995/ceremony-speech/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Royen |first=Ulrika |date=2024-11-20 |title=The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony 1995 - Opening Address |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremony/1995-opening-address/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}

Prizes

= Physics =

class="wikitable"

|+

! colspan="5" |Awardee(s)

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|Martin Lewis Perl

(1927–2014)

| rowspan="2" |{{flagdeco|United States}} American

|"for the discovery of the tau lepton" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"

| rowspan="2" |{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1995/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028225427/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1995/index.html |archive-date=28 October 2008 |access-date=9 October 2008 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

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|Frederick Reines

(1918–1998)

|"for the detection of the neutrino" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"

= Chemistry =

class="wikitable"

! colspan="5" |Awardee(s)

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|Paul J. Crutzen

(1933–2021)

|{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} Dutch

| rowspan="3" |"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"

| rowspan="3" |{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005075126/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/index.html |archive-date=5 October 2008 |access-date=6 October 2008 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

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|Mario J. Molina

(1943–2020)

|{{flagdeco|Mexico}} Mexican

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|Frank Sherwood Rowland

(1927–2012)

|{{flagdeco|United States}} American

= Physiology or Medicine =

class="wikitable"

! colspan="5" |Awardee(s)

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|Edward B. Lewis

(1918–2004)

|{{flag|United States}}

| rowspan="3" |"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"

| rowspan="3" |{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995 |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1995/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718172844/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1995/index.html |archive-date=18 July 2007 |access-date=28 July 2007 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

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|Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard

(b. 1942)

|{{flag|Germany}}

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|Eric F. Wieschaus

(b. 1947)

|{{flag|United States}}

= Literature =

{{Main page|1995 Nobel Prize in Literature}}

class="wikitable"

! colspan="4" |Awardee(s)

!

93x93px

|Seamus Heaney

(1939–2013)

|{{flag|Ireland}}

|"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past"

|{{cite web |title=Nobel Prize in Literature 1995 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1995/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019181018/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1995/index.html |archive-date=2008-10-19 |access-date=2008-10-17 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

= Peace =

class="wikitable"

! colspan="5" |Awardee(s)

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|Joseph Rotblat

(1908–2005)

|{{Flag|Poland}}

| rowspan="2" |"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms."

| rowspan="2" |{{cite web |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1995 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1995/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021034631/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1995/index.html |archive-date=2008-10-21 |access-date=2008-10-20 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

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|Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs

|{{Flag|Canada}}

= Economic Sciences =

class="wikitable"

! colspan="5" |Awardee(s)

100x100px

|Robert Lucas, Jr.

(1937–2023)

|{{flag|United States}}

|"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy"

|{{cite web |title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1995 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1995/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007222950/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1995/ |archive-date=2008-10-07 |access-date=2008-10-14 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

== References ==

{{1995 Nobel Prize winners}}

Category:Nobel Prize by year

Category:1995 awards