1995 San Diego tank rampage

{{Infobox event

| title = 1995 San Diego tank rampage

| time = 6:45{{spaces}}p.m.

| timezone = UTC−07:00

| date = {{start date|1995|05|17}}

| location = National Guard Armory
and nearby San Diego

| motive = Unknown

| perpetrator = Shawn Nelson

| outcome = Nelson killed by police

| reported deaths = 1 (Nelson)

| reported injuries = 0

| reported property damage = {{US$|149201}}
(eq. ${{inflation|US|149201|1996|fmt=c}} in {{inflation/year|US}})

}}

The 1995 San Diego tank rampage was the theft of an M60A3 tank by Shawn Timothy Nelson and his destruction of cars and utilities in suburban San Diego, California, United States.

Nelson was a native Californian and United States Army veteran with unusual habits that drew the attention of his neighbors. By the second quarter of 1995, the 35-year-old had recently suffered financial, professional, and interpersonal setbacks, some of which stemmed from long-term substance abuse.

On May 17, he stole a {{convert|57.3|t|adj=on}} tank from the local California Army National Guard armory and drove it around for {{convert|6|mi|spell=in}}, crushing cars and infrastructure in his path—though without injuring anyone. The tank crashed and was partially disabled, and San Diego police forced it open before shooting and killing Nelson.

Nelson's motives are unknown. The incident raised questions about military security at the Guard armory and spurred changes in California's tank storage.

Background

=Shawn Nelson=

{{Infobox person

| name = Shawn Nelson

| image = James Madison High School yearbook "Prospectus 1976", page 300 (cropped to Shawn Nelson).jpg

| alt = A portrait photo of a white teenager with shoulder-length hair; he has a neutral expression and is facing right of the camera.

| caption = Nelson in his 1976 high-school yearbook

| birth_date = {{birth date|1959|08|21}}

| birth_place = California, United States

| death_date = {{death date and age|1995|05|17|1959|08|21}}

| death_place = California State Route 163
San Diego, California, US

| death_cause = Gunshot wound

| occupation = {{hlist|Soldier|plumber}}

| spouse = {{marraige|Suzy Hellman|1984|1991|end=div}}

| module = {{Infobox military person |embed=yes

| branch = United States Army

| branch_label = Branch

| serviceyears = 1978–1980

| serviceyears_label = Years

| rank = Private

| unit = Armor Branch }}

}}

Born on August 21, 1959, in California, Shawn Timothy Nelson was the second of Betty and Fred Nelson's three sons. He attended James Madison High School—where he was a sophomore during the 1975–1976 academic year, grew up in Clairemont, San Diego, and later married Suzy Hellman in 1984.

In 1978, Nelson enlisted in the United States Army and received training at Fort Knox. He was stationed in Germany with the Armor Branch as a tank commander. Private Nelson separated in 1980 due to {{double+single}}multifaceted' disciplinary problems" with an honorable discharge. Afterwards, he began a successful career in plumbing, eventually starting his own San Diego business in 1991.

A patient at Sharp Memorial Hospital in 1990, Nelson later sued the hospital over a fight involving an emergency room security guard. Nelson sued them again in 1992 for malpractice, the same year his mother died there. The lawsuits were consolidated and dismissed in 1993. Nelson's brother would later say that Shawn Nelson "thought he got a raw deal there".

In Clairemont, Nelson was a minor celebrity for his unusual behavior. He spent nighttime hours mowing his lawn and digging for gold in a {{convert|20|ft|adj=on}} backyard pit, his property was covered in machine detritus and garbage, and police had visited nine times in 1994–95 "on calls ranging from reports of domestic violence to a complaint that Nelson's van had been stolen." He was renowned, but not well known by his neighbors.

Nelson long struggled with alcohol abuse and methamphetamines, a factor in his wife leaving in 1991. Nelson's van and plumbing tools were stolen in June 1994, and his contracting business declined. By May 1995, Nelson had "a history of medical problems", including a spinal fracture caused by a motorcycle crash. Unemployed, his house on Willamette Avenue was being foreclosed upon, his utilities had been shut off, an eviction notice had been served, and he had recently broken up with a girlfriend. Nelson made "statements alluding to suicide".

=Armory=

The California National Guard armory at {{coord|32.800612|-117.161560|display=inline}} was surrounded by an {{convert|8|ft|spell=in|adj=on}} chain-link fence, which was topped by three runs of barbed wire. Armory personnel usually left by 6{{spaces}}p.m.

File:An M60A3 main battle tank from the 1ST Platoon, 48th Brigade, 108th Armored Division, Georgia National Guard, moves through a recently cleared roadblock during the training exercise Company Team Defense.jpg M60A3 tank at Fort Stewart in July 1983]]

The M60A3 tank is {{convert|31|ft}} long, weighs {{convert|57.3|t}} fully-loaded, and can reach speeds of {{convert|45|mph}} with a range of nearly {{convert|300|mi}}. It has a {{convert|7.62|mm|adj=on}} M73 machine gun, {{convert|12.7|mm|adj=on}} M2 Browning heavy machine gun, and {{convert|105|mm|adj=on}} M68 tank gun; these weapons systems at the San Diego armory were all unloaded.

Theft and destruction

On the evening of May 17, the armory's gates were unsecured because personnel were working late. Nelson was uncontested at 6:30{{spaces}}p.m. when he drove his Chevrolet van onto the property. The shirtless and disheveled man then broke the padlocks on three different tanks before starting an M60A3. Nelson crashed through the armory's gate at approximately 6:45{{spaces}}p.m.

{{maplink |display=inline |text=Nelson's route |frame=yes |frame-width=252 |frame-height=300 |from=1995 San Diego tank rampage.map |type=line |title2=Armory |type2=point |marker2=star |marker-color2=008000 |coord2={{coord|32.80153|-117.16325}} |title3=Crash site |type3=point |marker3=road-accident |marker-color3=FF0000 |coord3={{coord|32.794374|-117.158287}} |zoom=13}}

Nelson drove the tank through residential San Diego neighborhoods, where residents described the destruction as intentional: "He didn't go down the center of the street, [...] It seems he just wanted to get the utilities and cause as much as damage without hurting people." Over a distance of {{convert|6|mi|spell=in}}, he struck bridges, a bus bench, fire hydrants, traffic lights, 40 cars—crushing some down to a height of {{convert|2+1/2|ft}}, and utility poles, leaving some 5100 households without electricity. Nelson inflicted no injuries during his 25-minute rampage.

The San Diego Police Department (SDPD) learned of the incident at 6:46{{spaces}}p.m. when a detective reported that he was following Nelson. SDPD units headed to intercept the tank, and California State Route 163 (SR 163) was closed. An SDPD captain said of Nelson's tank skills: "He obviously knew what he was doing. He was working that tank pretty good."

Death

After driving onto SR 163, Nelson crashed the tank into a {{convert|3|ft|spell=in|adj=on}} traffic barrier at {{coord|32.793958|-117.158426|display=inline}}, near Sharp Memorial Hospital. The impact dislodged one of the tank's tracks. Four SDPD officers boarded the tank and opened the hatch (which was in "combat lockdown") with bolt cutters. Nelson refused to surrender and attempted to dislodge the police by spinning the tank.

Having no armament capable of penetrating the armor, and unsure whether Nelson was armed, police shot him. Two days after the incident, the Los Angeles Times reported that Nelson was shot in the right shoulder, and The New York Times said he was alive when pulled from the tank; 18 days after the event, People published that Nelson had been shot in the left shoulder, killing him immediately. Sharp Memorial later reported that Nelson died of "gunshot wounds" (without disclosing how many times he was shot), and the San Diego coroner's office said that Nelson "smelled of alcohol"—ultimately determining his blood alcohol content was double the legal limit for driving.

Aftermath

Nelson's friends criticized the shooting, saying police should have used tear gas or crisis negotiation. SDPD captain Tom Hall defended the decision, saying "[t]he bottom line was, we had to stop this guy." The district attorney of San Diego County later ruled the shooting was justified because, had he freed the tank, Nelson could have injured or killed people.

For legal culpability, the California Guard was found to be negligent and therefore responsible. The state paid out a total of {{US$|149201|1996}}: {{US$|10000|1996|long=no}} to Pacific Bell, {{US$|12500|1996|long=no}} to the city of San Diego, {{US$|40965.69|1996|long=no}} to San Diego Gas & Electric, and the rest to individual citizens (mostly for damage to vehicles).

In the following years, the uncertainty of Nelson's motives led to commentators projecting their theories onto his actions: "a saga about the middle class under siege; a fable about the emasculation of American men; a warning about what happens when ex-servicemen, lacking foreign enemies and domestic opportunities, bring the war home."

=National Guard=

Immediately afterwards, the National Guard planned to send two additional tanks to SR 163 to help maneuver the disabled tank onto a flatbed truck.

The Guard confirmed that vehicles entering the armory grounds were not checked (despite heightened security after the recent Oklahoma City bombing). Major Ed Gale told the media that Nelson apparently broke an exterior lock on the tank to gain access, and that it was the first tank theft at the armory. By the next day, the batteries had been removed from 28 more National Guard tanks in Southern California, and San Diego Mayor Susan Golding had written to California Governor Pete Wilson, demanding an investigation into the armory's security.

By November 1996, the Guard had improved security and awareness at its armories, and moved all its tanks to either Fort Irwin or Camp Roberts.

References

{{reflist |refs=

{{cite book |editor1-last=Clark |editor1-first=Martha |editor2-last=Garner |editor2-first=Diana |year=1976 |publisher=James Madison High School |title=Prospectus 1976 |volume=XIII |chapter=Sophomores |pages=290–305}}

{{cite news |last1=Fordahl |first1=Matthew |date=1995-05-18 |title=Police Kill Man Who Hijacked Tank |url=https://apnews.com/article/75f6f9ed03c279b8adbcafcd108a3c86 |url-status=dead |language=en |location=San Diego |publisher=Associated Press |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106132329/https://apnews.com/article/75f6f9ed03c279b8adbcafcd108a3c86 |archive-date=2022-11-06 |access-date=2022-11-06}}

{{cite news |last1=LaVelle |first1=Philip J. |last2=Dibsie |first2=Patricia |date=1995-05-18 |title=Tank Rampage Here: Stolen 57-ton vehicle leaves ruin in its tracks |work=The San Diego Union-Tribune |language=en |issn=1063-102X |quote=Clairemont plumber killed by police gunfire; Route 163 traffic snarled |pages=A{{hyphen}}1 & A{{hyphen}}17}}

{{cite news |date=1995-05-18 |title=Man steals tank, ransacks neighborhood |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/05/18/Man-steals-tank-ransacks-neighborhood/6407800769600/ |url-status=live |language=en |location=San Diego |publisher=United Press International |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524210846/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/05/18/Man-steals-tank-ransacks-neighborhood/6407800769600/ |archive-date=2020-05-24 |access-date=2024-09-07}}

{{cite news |last1=Reeves |first1=Phil |date=1995-05-19 |title=San Diego tank 'joyrider' shot dead by police |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/san-diego-tank-joyrider-shot-dead-by-police-1620156.html |url-status=live |work=The Independent |language=en |location=Los Angeles |issn=1741-9743 |oclc=185201487 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328150822/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/san-diego-tank-joyrider-shot-dead-by-police-1620156.html |archive-date=2009-03-28 |access-date=2024-09-07 |url-access=subscription}}

{{cite news |last1=Rotella |first1=Sebastian |author-link1=Sebastian Rotella |last2=Kraul |first2=Chris |date=1995-05-19 |title=Tank's Driver Beset by Drug, Money Problems |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-19-mn-3459-story.html |url-status=live |work=Los Angeles Times |language=en |location=San Diego |issn=2165-1736 |oclc=3638237 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525174000/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-19-mn-3459-story.html |archive-date=2020-05-25 |access-date=2024-09-07 |url-access=subscription}}

{{cite news |date=1995-05-19 |title=Man Killed After Stealing Tank for Rampage |work=The New York Times |language=en |location=San Diego |agency=Associated Press |page=A14 |issn=0362-4331 |oclc=1645522}}

{{cite news |date=1995-05-21 |title=Theft of Tank Raises Questions About the Security of Armories |work=The New York Times |language=en |location=San Diego |agency=Associated Press |page=23 |issn=0362-4331 |oclc=1645522}}

{{cite magazine |last1=Gray |first1=Kevin |last2=Reno |first2=Jamie |date=1995-06-05 |title=The Road to Ruin |url=https://people.com/archive/the-road-to-ruin-vol-43-no-22/ |url-status=live |magazine=People |language=en |location=San Diego |volume=43 |issue=22 |issn=0093-7673 |oclc=794712888 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107164617/https://people.com/archive/the-road-to-ruin-vol-43-no-22/ |archive-date=2022-11-07 |access-date=2024-09-07}}

{{cite news |date=1995-06-28 |title=Officer Justified in Killing Tank Thief, D.A. Says |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-06-28-mn-18125-story.html |url-status=live |work=Los Angeles Times |language=en |location=San Diego |issn=2165-1736 |oclc=3638237 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121150828/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-06-28-mn-18125-story.html |archive-date=2024-11-21 |access-date=2024-11-21}}

{{citation |title=California Death Index, 1940–1997 |location=Sacramento, California |department=California Department of Health Services}}

{{cite news |last1=Hall |first1=Matthew T. |date=2011-05-17 |title=Stolen tank plowed through streets in 1995 |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-stolen-tank-rampaged-san-diego-streets-16-years-ag-2011may17-htmlstory.html |url-status=live |work=The San Diego Union-Tribune |language=en |issn=1063-102X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706142304/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-stolen-tank-rampaged-san-diego-streets-16-years-ag-2011may17-htmlstory.html |archive-date=2017-07-06 |access-date=2024-09-07 |url-access=subscription}}

{{cite news |last1=Rowe |first1=Peter |date=2015-05-16 |title=Tank rampage: A symbolic story turns 20 |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/people/sdut-tank-rampage-story-symbol-2015may16-htmlstory.html |url-status=live |work=The San Diego Union-Tribune |language=en |issn=1063-102X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108013816/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/people/sdut-tank-rampage-story-symbol-2015may16-htmlstory.html |archive-date=2023-01-08 |access-date=2024-09-10 |url-access=subscription}}

{{cite news |last1=Noll |first1=Jessica |date=2020-02-11 |title='The American Tank Rampage': Podcast chronicles 23 minutes of terror |url=https://www.cbs8.com/amp/article/news/crime/shawn-nelson-tank-san-diego-rampage-update-true-crime-podcast/509-4b70d119-e4d9-4374-b0db-3d1f932fa04a |url-status=live |language=en |publisher=KFMB-TV |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107164618/https://www.cbs8.com/amp/article/news/crime/shawn-nelson-tank-san-diego-rampage-update-true-crime-podcast/509-4b70d119-e4d9-4374-b0db-3d1f932fa04a |archive-date=2022-11-07 |access-date=2024-09-10}}

}}