1997 Nobel Prizes
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The 1997 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.{{Cite web |title=All Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/1999-1990/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1997 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1997/ceremony-speech/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Royen |first=Ulrika |date=2014-02-26 |title=Photo gallery - The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony 1997 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremony/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremony-1997/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}
Prizes
= Physics =
| class="wikitable"
|+ ! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 95x95px
(b. 1948) |{{flagdeco|United States}} American | rowspan="3" |"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light." | rowspan="3" |{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007171154/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1997/index.html |archive-date=7 October 2008 |access-date=9 October 2008 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}} |
| 98x98px
(b. 1933) |{{flagdeco|France|1974}} French |
| 108x108px
(b. 1948) |{{flagdeco|United States}} American |
= Chemistry =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 100x100px
(1918–2018) |{{flagdeco|United States}} American | rowspan="2" |"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" |
| 75x75px
(b. 1941) |{{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} British |
| 95x95px
(1918–2018) |{{flagdeco|Denmark}} Danish |"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase" |
= Physiology or Medicine =
= Literature =
{{Main page|1997 Nobel Prize in Literature}}
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Awardee(s) ! |
| 112x112px
(1926–2016) |{{flag|Italy}} |"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden" |
= Peace =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 75x75px
|International Campaign to Ban Landmines (founded 1992) |{{Flag|Switzerland}} | rowspan="2" |"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines." |
| 101x101px
(born 1950) |{{Flag|United States}} |
= Economic Sciences =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 108x108px
(b. 1944) |{{flag|United States}} | rowspan="2" |"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives" |
| 105x105px
(b. 1941) |{{flag|Canada}} {{flag|United States}} |
Controversies
= Physics =
Some in the Russian scientific community disputed Chu, Cohen-Tannoudji, and Phillips' methodologies and claimed that some scientists in Russia had executed their experiments first.{{cite web |date=21 October 1997 |title=Nobel Prize Challenged By Russians |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/1997/10/21/007.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127213018/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/1997/10/21/007.html |archive-date=27 January 2007 |access-date=20 November 2006 |work=The Moscow Times}}{{cite web |last=Roth |first=Bitte |year=1997 |title=Americans again dominate in science |url=http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1997/nobel.prize/stories/americans.sciences/ |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070510094755/http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/1997/nobel.prize/stories/americans.sciences/ |archive-date=10 May 2007 |access-date=20 November 2006 |work=CNN}}
= Physiology or Medicine =
Prusiner's discovery of prions initially faced criticisms and denials, provoking a longstanding debate in the scientific community regarding the existence of prions that wouldn't be resolved, with their full acknowledgement, until years later.[http://www.ou.edu/cas/zoology/Courses/3333/prusiner.html "U.S. Scientist Wins Nobel Prize for Controversial Work"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204529/http://www.ou.edu/cas/zoology/Courses/3333/prusiner.html|date=3 March 2016}}. University of Oklahoma (7 October 1997). Retrieved 21 March 2011.{{cite journal |last1=Soto |first1=C. |year=2011 |title=Prion hypothesis: the end of the controversy? |journal=Trends in Biochemical Sciences |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=151–158 |doi=10.1016/j.tibs.2010.11.001 |pmc=3056934 |pmid=21130657}}
= Literature =
Fo's awarding was considered "rather lightweight" by some critics, as he was seen primarily as a performer; he had also been censured by the Roman Catholic Church.Julie Carroll, [http://www.catholic.org/printer_friendly.php?id=23190§ion=Cathcom {{"'}}Pope and Witch' Draws Catholic Protests"]. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214161349/http://www.catholic.org/printer_friendly.php?id=23190§ion=Cathcom|date=14 February 2009}}. The Catholic Spirit, 27 February 2007. Retrieved 13 October 2007.
== References ==
{{1997 Nobel Prize winners}}