1998 Nobel Prizes
{{Short description|none}}
The 1998 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.{{Cite web |title=All Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/1999-1990/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1998 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1998/ceremony-speech/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2013-06-01 |title=The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony 1998 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremony/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremony-1998-1998/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}
Prizes
= Physics =
| class="wikitable"
|+ ! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 94x94px
(b. 1950) |{{flagdeco|United States}} American | rowspan="3" |"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" | rowspan="3" |{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1998/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211005110/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1998/index.html |archive-date=11 December 2008 |access-date=9 October 2008 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}} |
| 85x85px
(b. 1949) |{{flagdeco|Germany}} German |
| 97x97px
(b. 1939) |{{flagdeco|United States}} American |
= Chemistry =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| File:WalterKohnGraz21042006_1.jpg
(1923–2016) |{{flagdeco|Austria}} Austrian {{flagdeco|United States}} American |"for his development of the density-functional theory" |
| John Anthony Pople
(1925–2004) |{{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} British |"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry" |
= Physiology or Medicine =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 75x75px
(1916–2009) | rowspan="3" |{{flag|United States}} | rowspan="3" |"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system" |
| 96x96px
(b. 1941) |
| 93x93px
(1936–2023) |
= Literature =
{{Main page|1998 Nobel Prize in Literature}}
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Awardee(s) ! |
| 118x118px
(1922–2010) |{{flag|Portugal}} |"who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality" |
= Peace =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 95x95px
(1937–2020) |{{Flag|Ireland}} | rowspan="2" |"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland." |
| 100x100px
(1944–2022) |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |
= Economic Sciences =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 90x90px
(b. 1933) |{{flag|India}} |"for his contributions to welfare economics" |
Controversies
= Physiology or Medicine =
The award provoked some outcry from the scientific community for not acknowledging Salvador Moncada, a scientist who significantly contributed to the awarded discoveries with Furchgott.{{cite journal |last1=Howlett |first1=R. |year=1998 |title=Nobel award stirs up debate on nitric oxide breakthrough |journal=Nature |volume=395 |issue=6703 |pages=625–26 |bibcode=1998Natur.395Q.625H |doi=10.1038/27019 |pmid=9790176 |doi-access=free}}{{cite journal |last=SoRelle |first=Ruth |year=1998 |title=Nobel Prize Awarded to Scientists for Nitric Oxide Discoveries |journal=Circulation |volume=98 |issue=22 |pages=2365–2366 |doi=10.1161/01.cir.98.22.2365 |pmid=9832478 |doi-access=free}}
== References ==
{{1998 Nobel Prize winners}}