1999 Nobel Prizes

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The 1999 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.{{Cite web |title=All Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/1999-1990/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}

Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1999 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1999/ceremony-speech/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}

Prizes

= Physics =

class="wikitable"

|+

! colspan="5" |Awardee(s)

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|Gerard 't Hooft

(b. 1946)

| rowspan="2" |{{flagdeco|Netherlands}} Dutch

| rowspan="2" |"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics"

| rowspan="2" |{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1999 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1999/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021034857/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1999/index.html |archive-date=21 October 2008 |access-date=9 October 2008 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

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|Martinus J. G. Veltman

(1931–2021)

= Chemistry =

class="wikitable"

! colspan="5" |Awardee(s)

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|Ahmed Zewail

(1946–2016)

|{{flagdeco|Egypt}} Egyptian

{{flagdeco|United States}} American

|"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"

|{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1999/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008033958/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1999/index.html |archive-date=8 October 2008 |access-date=6 October 2008 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

= Physiology or Medicine =

class="wikitable"

! colspan="5" |Awardee(s)

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|Günter Blobel

(1936–2018)

|{{flag|United States}}

|"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"

|{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999 |url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1999/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718172945/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1999/index.html |archive-date=18 July 2007 |access-date=28 July 2007 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

= Literature =

{{Main page|1999 Nobel Prize in Literature}}

class="wikitable"

! colspan="4" |Awardee(s)

!

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|Günter Grass

(1927–2015)

|{{flag|Germany}}

(born in Free City of Danzig)

|"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history"

|{{cite web |title=Nobel Prize in Literature 1999 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1999/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081017212914/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1999/index.html |archive-date=2008-10-17 |access-date=2008-10-17 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

= Peace =

class="wikitable"

! colspan="5" |Awardee(s)

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|Médecins Sans Frontières

|{{Flag|Switzerland}}

|"in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents."

|{{cite web |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1999 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1999/summary/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821192012/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1999/summary/ |archive-date=2018-08-21 |access-date=2018-08-21 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

= Economic Sciences =

class="wikitable"

! colspan="5" |Awardee(s)

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|Robert Mundell

(1932–2021)

|{{flag|Canada}}

|"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas"

|{{cite web |title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1999 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1999/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019180832/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1999/ |archive-date=2008-10-19 |access-date=2008-10-14 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}

References

{{Reflist}}

{{1999 Nobel Prize winners}}

Category:Nobel Prize by year

Category:1999 awards