1999 Uruguayan general election
{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Uruguay
| previous_election = 1994 Uruguayan general election
| previous_year = 1994
| next_election = 2004 Uruguayan general election
| next_year = 2004
| election_date = 31 October 1999 (first round)
{{nowrap|29 November 1999 (second round)}}
| registered = 2,402,160
| turnout = 91.79% (first round) {{increase}} 0.41pp
91.84% (second round)
| module = {{Infobox election
| embed = yes
| election_name = Presidential election
| type = presidential
| image1 = Jorge Batlle.jpg
| nominee1 = Jorge Batlle
| party1 = Colorado
| running_mate1 = Luis Antonio Hierro López
| popular_vote1 = 1,158,708
| percentage1 = 54.13%
| image2 = Tabaré26022007.jpg
| nominee2 = Tabaré Vázquez
| party2 = Socialist Party of Uruguay
| alliance2 = Broad Front (Uruguay)
| color2 = {{party color|Broad Front (Uruguay)}}
| running_mate2 = Rodolfo Nin
| popular_vote2 = 982,049
| percentage2 = 45.87%
| title = President
| before_election =Julio María Sanguinetti
| before_party = Colorado
| after_election = Jorge Batlle
| after_party = Colorado
| module = {{Infobox legislative election
| embed = yes
| election_name = Parliamentary election
| heading1 = Chamber
| party1 = Broad Front (Uruguay) | leader1 = Tabaré Vázquez | percentage1 = 40.11 | seats1 = 40 | last_election1 = 31
| party2 = Colorado | leader2 = Jorge Batlle | percentage2 = 32.78 | seats2 = 33 | last_election2 = 32
| party3 = National | leader3 = Luis Alberto Lacalle | percentage3 = 22.31 | seats3 = 22 | last_election3 = 31
| party4 = New Space | leader4 = Rafael Michelini | percentage4 = 4.56 | seats4 = 4 | last_election4 = 5 | color4=#F34723
| heading6 = Senate
| party6 = Broad Front (Uruguay) | leader6 = Tabaré Vázquez | percentage6 = 40.11 | seats6 = 12 | last_election6 = 9
| party7 = Colorado | leader7 = Jorge Batlle | percentage7 = 32.78 | seats7 = 10 | last_election7 = 11
| party8 = National | leader8 = Luis Alberto Lacalle | percentage8 = 22.31 | seats8 = 7 | last_election8 = 10
| party9 = New Space | leader9 = Rafael Michelini | percentage9 = 4.56 | seats9 = 1 | last_election9 = 1 | color9=#F34723
| module = {{Infobox election
| embed = yes
| map_image = {{Switcher
|Presidential election first round results
|Presidential election second round results
|Parliamentary election results
|default=2
}}
}}}}}}}}{{Politics of Uruguay}}
General elections were held in Uruguay on 31 October 1999, alongside a double referendum, with a second round of the presidential election on 28 November.Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II, p494 {{ISBN|978-0-19-928358-3}} The elections were the first in Uruguay since World War I that were not dominated by the Colorado Party and the National Party. The Broad Front had begun gaining popularity in 1994, and had become a key player in Uruguayan politics by 1999.[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2342_99.htm URUGUAY: parliamentary elections Camara de Senadores, 1999] IPU
The Broad Front–Progressive Encounter alliance became the largest faction in the General Assembly, winning the most seats in both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. In the presidential elections, Tabaré Vázquez of the Broad Front received the most votes in the first round, but was defeated by Jorge Batlle of the Colorado Party in the second round.[http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Uru/99prespv.html Uruguay: 1999 Presidential Election, first round] Political Database of the Americas[http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Uru/99pressv.html Uruguay: 1999 Presidential Election, second round] Political Database of the Americas The National Party suffered the worst showing in its history, falling to third place in both chambers behind the Broad Front and Colorados. In the second round, Batlle formed an alliance with the National Party; according to The New York Times, the traditional parties' decision to put aside their rivalry of over a century and a half helped Batlle win the presidency on his fifth attempt.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/29/world/ruling-party-wins-election-for-president-in-uruguay.html|title=Ruling Party Wins Election For President In Uruguay|author1=Clifford Knauss|work=The New York Times|date=November 29, 1999}}
Electoral system
Changes to the electoral law prior to the elections allowed third parties like the Broad Front a wider opportunity for participation. Parties were now required to hold primaries on the same day in April to elect a single presidential candidate; previously several candidates from a single party had been able to run for the presidency. The reforms also introduced the two-round system for the presidential election, with a candidate now required to receive over 50% of the vote to be elected in the first round, or face a run-off against the second-place candidate. Although the double simultaneous vote system (in which voters cast a single vote for the party of their choice for the Presidency, Senate and Chamber of Representatives) was retained, it prevented parties from submitting different lists.{{Cite book|title=Electoral systems and democracy|date=2006|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |editor1=Diamond, Larry Jay |editor2=Plattner, Marc F. |isbn=0801884748|location=Baltimore|oclc=69241465}}
The 30 members of the Senate were elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency,[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2342_B.htm Senate: Electoral system] IPU whilst the 99 members of the Chamber of Representatives were elected by proportional representation in 19 multi-member constituencies based on the departments. Seats were allocated using the highest averages method.[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2341_B.htm Chamber of Deputies: Electoral system] IPU
Primaries
The requirement to choose a single presidential candidate created tension in some parties. The National Party chose Luis Alberto Lacalle, who had been president from 1990 to 1995. The Colorado Party primaries were won by Jorge Batlle, whilst the Broad Front selected Tabaré Vázquez.{{Cite journal|last=Cason|first=Jeffrey W.|date=April 2000|title=Electoral Reform and Stability in Uruguay|journal=Journal of Democracy|volume=11|issue=2|pages=85–98|doi=10.1353/jod.2000.0032|s2cid=155050280}}
Campaign
The Colorado Party spent the most on the campaign, spending the equivalent of US$11.1m ($3.1m in the primaries and $8m in the main election). The Broad Front spend $8m ($670,000 during the primaries and $7.4m during the main campaign) and the National Party $7m ($2m in the primaries and $5m during the main election). Other parties spent $500,000 during both stages of the elections.{{Cite journal|last=Casas-Zamora|first=Kevin|title=State funding and campaign finance practices in Uruguay|url=http://socialsciences.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0797-60622006000100001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en|journal=Cuadernos del CLAEH|volume=1|issue=SE|issn=0797-6062}}
Results
{{Election results
|dsv=y|candtitle=Presidential candidate|seattype1=Chamber|seattype2=+/–|seattype3=Senate|seattype4=+/–
|party1=Broad Front–Progressive Encounter|cand1=Tabaré Vázquez|votes1=861202|votes1_2=981778|st1t1=40|st2t1=+9|st3t1=12|st4t1=+3
|party2=Colorado Party|cand2=Jorge Batlle|votes2=703915|votes2_2=1158708|st1t2=33|st2t2=+1|st3t2=10|st4t2=–1
|party3=National Party|cand3=Luis Alberto Lacalle|votes3=478980|st1t3=22|st2t3=–9|st3t3=7|st4t3=–3
|party4=New Space|cand4=Rafael Michelini|votes4=97943|st1t4=4|st2t4=–1|st3t4=1|st4t4=0
|party5=Civic Union|cand5=Luis Pieri|votes5=5109|st1t5=0|st2t5=0|st3t5=0|st4t5=0
|invalid=57735|invalid2=65626
|total_st2t=0|total_st4t=–1
|electorate=2402160|electorate2=2402135
|source=Nohlen
}}
= Distribution by department =
| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed tpl-blanktable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%; line-height:20px;"
|+ class="nowrap" | First round ! rowspan="3" | Constituency ! colspan="3" width="30px" class="unsortable" | Broad Front ! colspan="3" width="30px" class="unsortable" | Colorado Party ! colspan="3" width="30px" class="unsortable" | National Party ! colspan="3" width="30px" class="unsortable" | New Space ! colspan="3" width="30px" class="unsortable" | Civic Union ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Valid votes ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Invalid votes |
| colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Broad Front (Uruguay)}}" |
! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Colorado Party (Uruguay)}}" | ! colspan="3" style="background:{{party color|National Party (Uruguay)}}" | ! colspan="3" style="background:#F34723" | ! colspan="3" style="background:#000000" | |
|---|
| data-sort-type="number" | Votes
! data-sort-type="number" | % !D ! data-sort-type="number" | Votes ! data-sort-type="number" | % !D ! data-sort-type="number" | Votes ! data-sort-type="number" | % !D !Votes !% !D !Votes !% !D !Votes !% !Votes !% |
| align="left" | Artigas
|10,907 |22.2 |– | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 19,753 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 40.2 |1 |16,595 |33.8 |1 |658 |1.3 |– |35 |0.1 |– |48,158 |98.1 |948 |1.9 |
| align="left" | Canelones
| style="background:#C0DDF8;"| 106,571 | style="background:#C0DDF8;"| 38.0 |6 |90,355 |32.3 |4 |59,832 |21.4 |3 |13,932 |5.0 |1 |481 |0.2 |– |272,556 |97.3 |7,576 |2.7 |
| align="left" | Cerro Largo
|15,233 |26.0 |1 |18,376 |31.4 |1 | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 21,814 | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 37.2 |1 |1,401 |2.4 |– |23 |0.0 |– |57,213 |97.6 |1,388 |2.4 |
| align="left" |Colonia
|25,198 |29.2 |1 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 28,197 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 32.6 |1 |25,639 |29.7 |1 |4,860 |5.6 |– |83 |0.1 |– |84,509 |97.8 |1,907 |2.2 |
| align="left" |Durazno
|8,445 |21.4 |– |14,206 |35.9 |1 | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 14,693 | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 37.1 |1 |1,202 |3.0 |– |45 |0.1 |– |38,806 |98.1 |745 |1.9 |
| align="left" |Flores
|3,996 |21.2 |– |6,499 |34.4 |1 | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 7,343 | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 38.9 |1 |555 |2.9 |– |44 |0.2 |– |18,512 |98.1 |359 |1.9 |
| align="left" |Florida
|13,958 |28.3 |– | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 16,897 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 34.2 |1 |15,491 |31.4 |1 |1,691 |3.4 |– |65 |0.1 |– |48,425 |98.1 |930 |1.9 |
| align="left" |Lavalleja
|9,457 |20.5 |– | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 17,805 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 38.5 |1 |15,954 |34.5 |1 |1,627 |3.5 |– |63 |0.1 |– |45,213 |97.9 |975 |2.1 |
| align="left" |Maldonado
| style="background:#C0DDF8;"|30,501 | style="background:#C0DDF8;"| 34.6 |2 |30,485 |34.5 |1 |20,168 |22.8 |1 |4,199 |4.8 |– |226 |0.3 |– |86,094 |97.5 |2,171 |2.5 |
| align="left" |Montevideo
| style="background:#C0DDF8;"| 484,441 | style="background:#C0DDF8;"| 50.6 |23 |278,684 |29.1 |13 |118,569 |12.4 |5 |51,071 |5.3 |3 |3,126 |0.3 |– |941,066 |98.4 |15,723 |1.6 |
| align="left" |Paysandú
| style="background:#C0DDF8;"| 30,921 | style="background:#C0DDF8;"| 40.9 |2 |20,654 |27.3 |1 |19,119 |25.3 |– |2,506 |3.3 |– |143 |0.2 |– |74,024 |97.9 |1,606 |2.1 |
| align="left" |Rio Negro
|9,832 |28.3 |1 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 14,314 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 41.1 |1 |8,250 |23.7 |– |1,471 |4.2 |– |31 |0.1 |– |34,134 |98.1 |660 |1.9 |
| align="left" |Rivera
|13,083 |18.9 |– | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 28,095 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 40.6 |1 |24,418 |35.3 |1 |1,435 |2.1 |– |68 |0.1 |– |67,484 |97.6 |1,674 |2.4 |
| align="left" |Rocha
|14,016 |27.3 |1 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 17,984 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 35.1 |1 |15,824 |30.8 |1 |1,534 |3.0 |– |38 |0.1 |– |49,810 |97.1 |1,495 |2.9 |
| align="left" |Salto
|24,029 |30.7 |1 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 29,490 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 37.6 |1 |19,782 |25.2 |1 |2,715 |3.5 |– |143 |0.2 |– |76,606 |97.8 |1,757 |2.2 |
| align="left" |San Jose
|19,990 |30.4 |1 |19,622 |29.8 |– | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 21,704 | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 33.0 |1 |2,370 |3.6 |– |213 |0.3 |– |64,303 |97.7 |1,515 |2.3 |
| align="left" |Soriano
|19,273 |32.3 |1 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 21,697 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 36.3 |1 |14,875 |24.9 |– |1,952 |3.3 |– |55 |0.1 |– |58,348 |97.7 |1,373 |2.3 |
| align="left" |Tacuarembó
|13,679 |21.9 |– |19,820 |31.7 |1 | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 25,561 | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 40.8 |1 |1,658 |2.6 |– |218 |0.3 |– |61,271 |97.9 |1,320 |2.1 |
| align="left" |Treinta y Tres
|7,672 |22.4 |– |10,982 |32.1 |1 | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 13,349 | style="background:#D4EDFF;"| 39.0 |1 |1,106 |3.2 |– |9 |0.0 |– |33,457 |97.7 |773 |2.3 |
| style="background:#CDCDCD;"
| align="left" | Total | style="background:#C0DDF8;"| 861,202 | style="background:#C0DDF8;"| 39.1 |40 | 703,915 |31.9 |33 |478,980 |21.7 |22 |97,943 |4.4 |4 |5,109 |0.2 |0 |2,159,989 |98.0 |44,895 |2.0 |
| colspan="20" | |
| colspan="20" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:#F9F9F9" | Source: [https://www.corteelectoral.gub.uy/estadisticas/estadisticas/estadisticas Corte Electoral] |
| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed tpl-blanktable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%; line-height:20px;"
|+ class="nowrap" | Second round ! rowspan="3" | Constituency ! colspan="2" |Colorado Party ! colspan="2" |Broad Front ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Valid votes ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Invalid votes |
| colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Colorado Party (Uruguay)}}" |
! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Broad Front (Uruguay)}}" | |
|---|
| Votes
! data-sort-type="number" | % !Votes ! data-sort-type="number" | % !Votes ! % ! ! |
| align="left" | Artigas
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 32,261 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 66.1 |15,071 |30.9 |47,332 |97.0 |1,445 |3.0 |
| align="left" | Canelones
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 147,912 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 52.8 |123,663 |44.1 |271,575 |96.9 |8,781 |3.1 |
| align="left" | Cerro Largo
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 36,759 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 62.9 |19,561 |33.5 |56,320 |96.3 |2,151 |3.7 |
| align="left" |Colonia
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 52,818 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 61.2 |30,701 |35.6 |83,519 |96.8 |2,776 |3.2 |
| align="left" |Durazno
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 27,140 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 68.8 |11,024 |28.0 |38,164 |96.8 |1,266 |3.2 |
| align="left" |Flores
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 12,881 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 68.5 |5,384 |28.6 |18,265 |97.2 |534 |2.8 |
| align="left" |Florida
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 30,235 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 61.4 |17,377 |35.3 |47,612 |96.6 |1,666 |3.4 |
| align="left" |Lavalleja
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 32,635 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 70.8 |11,870 |25.8 |44,505 |96.6 |1,585 |3.4 |
| align="left" |Maldonado
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 50,761 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 57.5 |34,532 |39.1 |85,293 |96.6 |2,994 |3.4 |
| align="left" |Montevideo
| 410,992 | 42.8 | style="background:#C0DDF8;"| 525,496 | style="background:#C0DDF8;"| 54.7 |936,488 |97.5 |24,141 |2.5 |
| align="left" |Paysandú
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 37,108 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 49.3 |35,636 |47.4 |72,744 |96.7 |2,507 |3.3 |
| align="left" |Rio Negro
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 21,030 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 60.8 |12,365 |35.8 |33,395 |96.6 |1,187 |3.4 |
| align="left" |Rivera
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 49,288 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 71.7 |17,122 |24.9 |66,410 |96.6 |2,355 |3.4 |
| align="left" |Rocha
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 29,759 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 58.0 |19,255 |37.5 |49,014 |95.5 |2,298 |4.5 |
| align="left" |Salto
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 47,379 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 60.7 |28,358 |36.3 |75,737 |97.0 |2,380 |3.0 |
| align="left" |San Jose
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 40,221 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 61.2 |23,516 |35.8 |63,737 |97.0 |1,985 |3.0 |
| align="left" |Soriano
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 34,432 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 57.8 |23,161 |38.9 |57,593 |96.7 |1,946 |3.3 |
| align=left|Tacuarembó
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 42,486 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 68.2 |17,658 |28.3 |60,144 |96.5 |2,180 |3.5 |
| align="left" |Treinta y Tres
| style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 22,611 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 66.3 |10,028 |29.4 |32,639 |95.7 |1,449 |4.3 |
| style="background:#CDCDCD;"
| align="left" | Total | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 1,158,708 | style="background:#FFCCCC;"| 52.5 |981,778 |44.5 |2,140,486 |97.0 |65,626 |3.0 |
| colspan="9" | |
| colspan="9" style="text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:#F9F9F9" | Source: [https://www.corteelectoral.gub.uy/estadisticas/estadisticas/estadisticas Corte Electoral] |
Documentary
- The 1999 election is portrayed at Jorge Batlle: entre el cielo y el infierno, a 2024 documentary directed by Federico Lemos.{{cite web |url=https://ladiaria.com.uy/cultura/articulo/2024/5/pobre-presidente-el-documental-jorge-batlle-entre-el-cielo-y-el-infierno/ |title=Pobre presidente: el documental Jorge Batlle, entre el cielo y el infierno |date=22 May 2024 |accessdate=30 July 2024 |website=la diaria |last=Lagos |first=José Gabriel |language=es }}
References
{{reflist}}
{{Uruguayan elections}}
Category:Parliamentary elections in Uruguay