1 Chronicles 25

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 31 verses.

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}}

Extant manuscripts of a Koine Greek translation known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE, include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^Q; 6th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73–74}}{{efn|The extant Codex Sinaiticus only contains 1 Chronicles 9:27–19:17.{{Cite book |last=Würthwein |first=Ernst |title=Der Text des Alten Testaments |publisher=Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft |edition=2nd |place=Stuttgart |year=1988 |url= |page=85 |isbn=3-438-06006-X}}{{Cite book |last=Swete |first=Henry Barclay |authorlink=Henry Barclay Swete |title=An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek |publisher=Macmillan and Co. |location=Cambridge |year=1902 |url=https://archive.org/stream/anintrotooldtes00swetuoft#page/128/mode/2up |pages=129–130}}{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Codex Sinaiticus}}}}

This section details the organization of the temple musicians who strictly belonged to the Levites (1 Chronicles 23:30–31; cf. 1 Chronicles 15:16–24; 16:4–6). There were three main musician families: Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman, whose members would be organized into divisions.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=280}} After returning from exile in Babylon occasionally all musicians are regarded as descendants of Asaph (Ezra 2:41; 3:10; Nehemiah 7:44). Nehemiah 11:17 and 1 Chronicles 9:15-16 mention both Asaph and Jeduthun, whereas a 'third tradition' speaks of three musicians comprising Asaph, Heman, and Ethan (1 Chronicles 6:44; 15:17,19). The similar way of writing both names helps the identification of Jeduthun and Ethan. The order of Asaph, Jeduthun, Heman probably reflects an older hierarchy, but the tone in this passage elevates the family of Heman as the largest ('according to the promise of God to exalt him', verse 5).{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=280}} The musician families are introduced with their duties, such as to prophecy (verses 1–3), and instruments, that their singing, playing, and the content of their psalms or music, can be viewed as in 1 Samuel 10:5 and 2 Kings 3:15 as emphasizing the 'close relationship between music and prophecy'.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=281}} In 2 Chronicles 29:25 David gave an order, which was supported by two prophets (Gad and Nathan), to confirm permanent office of these Levites as temple musicians.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=281}} Allusions to song and music as a kind of prophecy (verses 1–3; cf. 2 Chronicles 24:19–22) may be related to the tradition of regarding David as a 'prophet who composed the psalms through divine inspiration'.{{sfn|Coogan|2007|pp=611–612 Hebrew Bible}}

:Moreover David and the captains of the host separated to the service of the sons of Asaph, and of Heman, and of Jeduthun, who should prophesy with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals: and the number of the workmen according to their service was:{{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|25:1|KJV}} KJV

• "The captains of the host": is understood as 'those who superintended the order of temple worship' (1 Chronicles 22:17; 1 Chronicles 23:2; 1 Chronicles 24:6; cf. Numbers 4:3; Numbers 8:23).Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/1_chronicles/25.htm On "1 Chronicles 25".] In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019. As a part of David's 'governmental apparatus', these officers (also interpreted as the 'leaders of the army') have a say in the organization of the singers.{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=612 Hebrew Bible}} The term "host" or "army" refers to a rank for the Levites, an expression adopted from Numbers 4, for example, whereas {{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|15:16|9}} uses 'chiefs of the Levites', who 'select the musicians for their office'.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=281}}

Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun belonged respectively to the Gershon, Kohath, and Merarite families ({{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|6:18–32|9}}), which are the three branches of Levites.

:All these were the sons of Heman the king’s seer in the words of God, to exalt his horn. For God gave Heman fourteen sons and three daughters.{{bibleref2|1 Chronicles|25:5|NKJV}} NKJV

• "Seer": from Hebrew hōzèh, literally "gazer". Gad was called "David’s seer" in 1 Chronicles 21:9, whereas Jeduthun was called "the king’s seer" in 2 Chronicles 35:15 (in LXX: together with Asaph and Heman).{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=281}} The word rendered “seer” in 1 Chronicles 26:28 and 1 Samuel 9:9 is different (Hebrew: rō’èh).Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/ellicott/1_chronicles/25.htm Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Chronicles 25.] London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.
• "Exalt his horn": means "increase his power or influence".Note on 1 Chronicles 25:5 in NKJV

The allocation of 24 divisions of musicians resembles that of the priest, suggesting that 'sacrifice and music are closely intertwined' (cf. 23:29–30), but, unlike the priests, none of the names in the list can be proved to have existed in other texts.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=280}} Four divisions from the family of Asaph (numbers 1, 3, 5, 7), six from the family of Jeduthun (numbers 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 14), and 14 from the family of Heman (numbers 6, 9, 11, 13, 15–24). From the result it can be deduced that the lots were not placed separately by family, but all lots were placed in one urn, so after the lots of Asaph and Jeduthun were drawn, only sons of Heman remained.Keil, Carl Friedrich; Delitzsch, Franz. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/kad/1_chronicles/25.htm Commentary on the Old Testament (1857-1878). 1 Chronicles 25]. Accessed 24 Juni 2018. Each of the 24 musical divisions has 12 members (24 x 12 = 288).{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=281}}

: And they cast lots for their duty, the small as well as the great, the teacher with the student.{{bibleref2|1 Chronicles|25:8|NKJV}} NKJV

• "Cast lots": A lottery is held to determine the 24 divisions (or "courses") of the musicians (or "singers"), as with the priests (1 Chronicles 24:5) and other Levites (1 Chronicles 24:31).{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=281}}{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=612 Hebrew Bible}}
• "The teacher with the student": rendered in LXX as {{lang|grc|τελείων καὶ μανθανόντων}}, "the initiated and the learners". “The teacher” can also mean “the skilful” as in 1 Chronicles 25:7 (the same Hebrew word).Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/1_chronicles/25.htm 1 Chronicles 25]. Accessed 28 April 2019.

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

• Psalms of Asaph
• Psalms of David
• Jerusalem
• Solomon's Temple}}

{{Portal|Bible}}

• Related Bible parts: Numbers 4, Numbers 8, Numbers 16, Deuteronomy 10, 1 Chronicles 6, 1 Chronicles 23, 1 Chronicles 24, Ezra 10

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{{reflist}}

• {{Cite book | last= Ackroyd | first= Peter R |chapter = Chronicles, Books of

|editor1-last = Metzger |editor1-first = Bruce M

|editor1-link = Bruce M. Metzger

|editor2-last = Coogan |editor2-first = Michael D |title = The Oxford Companion to the Bible

|publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 1993 |isbn = 978-0195046458 | pages= 113–116}}

• {{Cite book | last= Bennett | first= William|title = The Expositor's Bible: The Books of Chronicles|publisher = Litres|year = 2018 |isbn = 978-5040825196 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZo3DwAAQBAJ }}
• {{cite book|last= Coogan|first = Michael David| author-link= Michael D. Coogan |title = The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 |editor-last1=Coogan |editor-first1=Michael David |editor-first2=Marc Zvi |editor-last2= Brettler |editor-first3=Carol Ann |editor-last3= Newsom |editor-first4= Pheme |editor-last4= Perkins |edition= Augmented 3rd |publisher = Oxford University Press |year =2007 |isbn = 9780195288810 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ}}
• {{cite book| last= Endres |first = John C. |title = First and Second Chronicles |publisher = Liturgical Press |year =2012 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=mtL0BSEv7i4C | isbn= 9780814628447}}
• {{cite book|last= Hill |first = Andrew E. |title = First and Second Chronicles |publisher = Zondervan |year =2003 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv-LEqnF8Y4C | isbn = 9780310206101 }}
• {{cite book|last= Mabie | first= Frederick | chapter = I. The Chronicler's Genealogical Survey of All Israel | title= 1 and 2 Chronicles |series = The Expositor's Bible Commentary | editor-first1= Tremper | editor-last1=Longman III | editor-first2=David E | editor-last2= Garland | publisher = Zondervan | date = 2017 | pages = 267–308 | isbn = 978-0310531814 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E8ESDgAAQBAJ | access-date=December 6, 2019}}
• {{cite book|last= Mathys | first= H. P. | chapter = 14. 1 and 2 Chronicles | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John | editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 267–308 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
• {{cite book|last= Tuell | first= Steven S. | title=First and Second Chronicles | publisher = Westminster John Knox Press | date = 2012 | isbn = 978-0664238650 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8RKvdfWsmvEC | access-date=December 30, 2020}}
• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = William B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

• Jewish translations:
• [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16545 Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 25 (Judaica Press)] translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
• Christian translations:
• [http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=1+Chronicles+25 Online Bible at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
• [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=13&chapter=25&version=9 First Book of Chronicles Chapter 25. Bible Gateway]

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