2008 Iceland earthquake

{{Short description|Doublet earthquake with composite magnitude of 6.1 Mw}}

{{Infobox earthquake

|title = 2008 Iceland earthquake

|map = 2008 Iceland earthquake.jpg

|timestamp = 2008-05-29 15:46:00

|isc-event = 13230288

|anss-url = usp000g826

|local-date = {{Start date|2008|5|29|df=yes}}

|local-time = 15:46

|magnitude = 6.3 {{M|wc|link=y}}{{Short-isc|ehb|13230288}}

|depth = {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}}{{Short-isc|ehb|13230288}}

|location = {{coord|63.96|N|20.99|W}}{{Short-isc|ehb|13230288}}

|type = Right-lateral strike-slip

|countries affected = Iceland

|intensity = {{MMI|VIII}}{{Short-anss|Iceland|2008|sub-title=ShakeMap|sub-url=usp000g826#shakemap}}

|casualties = 30 injuries

}}

The 2008 Iceland earthquake was a doublet earthquake that struck on 29 May at 15:46 UTC in southwestern Iceland.{{harvnb|Decriem|Árnadóttir|Hooper|Geirsson|2010|p=1144}}. The recorded magnitudes of the two main quakes were 5.9 {{M|w|link=y}} and 5.8 {{M|w}}, respectively, giving a composite magnitude of 6.1 {{M|w}}.{{harvnb| Decriem|Árnadóttir|Hooper|Geirsson|2010|p=1128}}. There were no human fatalities, but injuries were reported and a number of sheep were killed.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} The epicenter of the earthquake was between the towns of Hveragerði and Selfoss, about {{convert|45|km|mi|sp=us}} east-southeast of the capital, Reykjavík. It was the strongest earthquake to hit Iceland since the summer of 2000.{{harvnb|BBC News|2008}}.

Characteristics

Iceland straddles the Mid-Atlantic Ridge where the Eurasian and North-American tectonic plates move away from each other. Volcanic activity is common along such divergent boundaries but strong earthquakes are rare. In Iceland the ridge is somewhat off-set, creating two transform faults where plates move horizontally along each other.{{cite journal|last1=Einarsson|first1=P.|title=Earthquakes and present-day tectonism in Iceland|journal=Tectonophysics|date=1991|volume=189|issue=1–4|pages=261–279|doi=10.1016/0040-1951(91)90501-I|bibcode=1991Tectp.189..261E }} One is in the north of the country and one in the south; the strongest Icelandic earthquakes happen along those transform faults.{{cite journal|last1=Ward|first1=P. L.|title=New Interpretation of the Geology of Iceland|journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin|date=1971|volume=82|issue=11|pages=2991–3012|doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[2991:NIOTGO]2.0.CO;2}} The 29 May quake is classified by geologists as a typical Suðurlandsskjálfti (literally: Southern Region quake), a strong earthquake that happens on Iceland's southern fault.

Damage

Unlike the quakes in the summer of 2000, the 29 May quake happened in the most densely populated part of the South Iceland district. The population of the affected area is about 12,000 and it includes the towns of Selfoss and Hveragerði as well as Eyrarbakki, Stokkseyri and Þorlákshöfn. Many farms were also affected.

References

Sources

{{Cite anss|Iceland|2008|usp000g826#executiv|title=M6.3 – Iceland|mode=cs2}}
{{Cite news |ref=CITEREFBBC News2008 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7426369.stm |title=Strong earthquake rocks Iceland |access-date=2008-05-29 |date=2008-05-29 |publisher=BBC News}}
{{Citation

|first1= J. |last1= Decriem

|first2= T. |last2= Árnadóttir

|first3= A. |last3= Hooper

|first4= H. |last4= Geirsson

|first5= F. |last5= Sigmundsson

|first6= M. |last6= Keiding

|first7= B. G. |last7= Ófeigsson

|first8= S. |last8= Hreinsdóttir

|first9= P. |last9= Einarsson

|first10= P. |last10= LaFemina

|first11= R. A. |last11= Bennett

|date= 2010