2008 Nobel Prizes
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The 2008 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.{{Cite web |title=All Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/2009-2000/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.{{Cite web |date=2013-06-01 |title=The Nobel Banquet 2008 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremony/the-nobel-banquet-2008-2008/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Royen |first=Ulrika |date=2013-06-01 |title=The Nobel Peace Prize Award Ceremony 2008 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremony/the-nobel-peace-prize-award-ceremony-2008/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}
Prizes
= Physics =
| class="wikitable"
|+ ! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 101x101px
(b. 1944) | rowspan="2" |{{flagdeco|Japan}} Japanese | rowspan="2" |"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature" | rowspan="3" |{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2008/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008214840/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2008/index.html |archive-date=8 October 2008 |access-date=9 October 2008 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}} |
| 100x100px
(1940–2021) |
| 88x88px
(1921–2015) |{{flagdeco|Japan}} Japanese {{flagdeco|United States}} American |"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics" |
= Chemistry =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 96x96px
(1928–2018) | rowspan="3" |"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP" |
| 104x104px
(b. 1947) | rowspan="2" |{{flagdeco|United States}} American |
| 110x110px
(1952–2016) |
= Physiology or Medicine =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 106x106px
(1936–2023) |{{flag|Germany}} |"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer" |
| 104x104px
(b. 1947) | rowspan="2" |{{flag|France|1974|name=France}} | rowspan="2" |"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus" |
| 95x95px
(1932–2022) |
= Literature =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Awardee(s) ! |
| 119x119px
(b. 1940) |{{flag|France}} {{Flag|Mauritius}} |"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization" |
= Peace =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 112x112px
(1937–2023) |{{Flag|Finland}} |"for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts." |
= Economic Sciences =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 92x92px
(b. 1953) |{{flag|United States}} |"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity" |
Controversies
= Physiology or Medicine =
zur Hausen's award for the Physiology or Medicine Prize was overshadowed by a brief investigation into possible corruptive influences between the Nobel Foundation and AstraZeneca, a pharmaceutical company that had major stake in HPV vaccines. Although it was revealed that two senior officials on the selection committee had ties to AstraZeneca, no formal indictment happened.{{Cite magazine |last=Phillips |first=Jak |date=2011-10-07 |title=Top 10 Nobel Prize Controversies - TIME |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2096389_2096388_2096385,00.html |access-date=2024-12-10 |magazine=Time |language=en-US |issn=0040-781X}} Many also showed dismay at the lack of acknowledgement for Robert Gallo's contributions to HIV/AIDS research.{{Cite journal |last=Ballantyne |first=Coco |date=2008-11-01 |title=Nobel decision stirs viral dismay |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nm1108-1132b |journal=Nature Medicine |language=en |volume=14 |issue=11 |pages=1132 |doi=10.1038/nm1108-1132b |pmid=18989265 |issn=1546-170X}}
== References ==