2009 Atlantic hurricane season

Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane experts Philip J. Klotzbach, William M. Gray, and their associates at Colorado State University; and separately by NOAA forecasters.

Klotzbach's team (formerly led by Gray) defined the average number of storms per season (1950 to 2000) as 9.6 tropical storms, 5.9 hurricanes, 2.3 major hurricanes (storms reaching at least Category 3 strength in the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale) and an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) Index of 96.1.{{cite web|author=Philip J. Klotzbach and William M. Gray |date=2008-12-10 |title=Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2009 |publisher=Colorado State University |access-date=January 1, 2009 |url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2008/dec2008/dec2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515151229/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2008/dec2008/dec2008.pdf |archive-date=May 15, 2009 |url-status=live }} ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACE numbers. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 39 mph (63 km/h), which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity.{{cite report|work=Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=September 2021|title=Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT|access-date=September 29, 2021|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html|location=Miami, Florida}} NOAA defines a season as above-normal, near-normal or below-normal by a combination of the number of named storms, the number reaching hurricane strength, the number reaching major hurricane strength and ACE Index.{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |url=http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2008/May/background_information.shtml |date=May 22, 2008 |access-date=April 14, 2009 |title=NOAA Atlantic Hurricane Season Classifications |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815005007/http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2008/May/background_information.shtml |archive-date=August 15, 2009 }}

On December 10, 2008, Klotzbach's team issued its first extended-range forecast for the 2009 season, predicting above-average activity (14 named storms, 7 hurricanes, 3 of Category 3 or higher and ACE Index of 125). On April 7, 2009, Klotzbach's team issued an updated forecast for the 2009 season, predicting near-average activity (12 named storms, 6 hurricanes, 2 of Category 3 or higher and ACE Index of 100), citing the possible cause as the high probability of a weak El Niño forming during the season.{{cite web |author=William M. Gray |date=April 7, 2009 |title=Mid-Season Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and U.S. Landfall Strike Probability for 2009 |publisher=Colorado State University |access-date=April 7, 2009|url=http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/Forecasts/2009/april2009/apr2009.pdf | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090419052416/http://hurricane.atmos.colostate.edu/forecasts/2009/april2009/apr2009.pdf| archive-date= 19 April 2009 | url-status= live}} On May 21, 2009, NOAA issued their forecast for the season, predicting near or slightly above average activity, (9 to 14 named storms, 4 to 7 hurricanes, and 1 to 3 of Category 3 or higher).{{cite news |author=Michael E. Ruane|title=Government Weather Officials Predict Average 2009 Season |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/21/AR2009052102513.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 21, 2009 |access-date=August 16, 2009}}

On June 2, 2009, Klotzbach's team issued another updated forecast for the 2009 season, predicting slightly below average activity (11 named storms, 5 hurricanes, 2 of Category 3 or higher and ACE Index of 85). Also on June 2, 2009, the Florida State University Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (FSU COAPS) issued its first ever Atlantic hurricane season forecast. The FSU COAPS forecast predicted 8 named storms, including 4 hurricanes, and an ACE Index of 65.{{cite web|author=Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies|publisher=Florida State University|access-date=June 16, 2011|title=FSU COAPS Atlantic Hurricane Season Forecast Archive|url=http://coaps.fsu.edu/hurricanes/archive.php| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110619103455/http://coaps.fsu.edu/hurricanes/archive.php| archive-date= 19 June 2011 | url-status= live}} On June 18, 2009, the UK Met Office (UKMO) issued a forecast of 6 tropical storms in the July to November period with a 70% chance that the number would be in the range 3 to 9. They also predicted an ACE Index of 60 with a 70% chance that the index would be in the range 40 to 80.{{cite web|year=2009|access-date=June 18, 2009|publisher=United Kingdom Meteorological Office|title=Appraisal of the 2009 Met Office seasonal tropical storm forecast for the North Atlantic| url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/tropicalcyclone/seasonal/verification2009.pdf}} On August 4, 2009, Klotzbach's team updated their forecast for the 2009 season, again predicting slightly below average activity (10 named storms, 4 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes). On August 6, 2009, the NOAA also updated their forecast for the 2009 season, predicting below average activity (7–11 named storms, 3–6 hurricanes, and 1–2 major hurricanes).{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=August 6, 2009|access-date=February 15, 2010|title=NOAA Lowers Hurricane Season Outlook, Cautions Public Not to Let Down Guard|url=http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2009/20090806_hurricaneupdate.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100201225331/http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2009/20090806_hurricaneupdate.html| archive-date= 1 February 2010 | url-status= live}}

{{For timeline}}

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File:3ATL Storms August 16 2009.JPG

During the 2009 season, nine of the eleven tropical cyclones affected land, of which five actually made landfall. The United States experienced one of its quietest years, with no hurricanes making landfall in the country. Throughout the basin, six people were killed in tropical cyclone-related incidents and total losses reached roughly $77 million. Most of the damage resulted from Hurricane Bill, which caused severe beach erosion throughout the east coast of the United States. In the United States, tropical cyclones killed six people and caused roughly $46 million in damage. In the Lesser Antilles, Tropical Storms Ana and Erika brought moderate rainfall to several islands but resulted in little damage. Elsewhere in the Atlantic, the Azores Islands, Atlantic Canada, Bermuda, Cape Verde Islands and Wales were affected by tropical cyclones or their remnants. In Canada, Hurricane Bill produced widespread moderate rainfall in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, leaving roughly $10 million in losses.{{cite web|author=Glenn McGillivary|publisher=Institute for Catastrophe Loss Reduction|date=January 2010|access-date=February 17, 2010|title=Annus Horriblis, The Sequel|url=http://www.iclr.org/images/Annus_horriblis_Two_nat_cats_2009.pdf}} The hurricane also produced tropical storm-force winds in Bermuda. Hurricane Fred briefly impacted the southern Cape Verde Islands as it bypassed the islands early in its existence. The Azores and Wales were also affected by Tropical Storm Grace; however, both areas recorded only minor effects.

The ACE index for the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season was 53 units.{{cite report|work=Hurricane Research Division; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Atlantic basin Comparison of Original and Revised HURDAT|access-date=August 6, 2017|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/comparison_table.html}} Due to the low number of storms in the season, many of which were short-lived, the overall ACE value was ranked as below-average.{{cite web|author=National Weather Service|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2008|access-date=February 15, 2010|title=Background Information: The North Atlantic Hurricane Season|url=http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826053605/http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/background_information.shtml|archive-date=2010-08-26|url-status=dead}} Hurricane Bill was responsible for the ACE value for August being 30% above average.{{cite web|author=Hurricane Specialists Unit|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 1, 2009|access-date=February 15, 2010|title=August 2009 Tropical Weather Summary|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/tws/MIATWSAT_aug.shtml?}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=01L 2009-05-28 1525Z.jpg

|Track=01-L 2009 track.png

|Formed=May 28

|Dissipated=May 29

|1-min winds=30

|Pressure=1006

}}

During late-May, a frontal boundary stalled near The Bahamas and slowly degenerated. On May 25, 2009, an area of low pressure developed along the tail-end of a decaying cold front near the northern Bahamas. Tracking northward, this low gradually developed as it moved within {{convert|85|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} of North Carolina's Outer Banks. By May 28, deep convection developed across a small area over the low-pressure system, leading to the National Hurricane Center classifying the system as Tropical Depression One. It was the northernmost forming May tropical cyclone in Atlantic history, though subtropical cyclones formed equally far north in 1972 and 2007. It also marked the third consecutive year with pre-season tropical or subtropical cyclones in the basin. The depression moved over the warm waters of the Gulf Stream for the following 24 hours, allowing it to maintain its convection, before moving into a hostile environment characterized by strong wind shear and cooler waters. Late on May 29, the system degenerated into a remnant low. Several hours later, on May 30, about {{convert|345|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} south-southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Tropical Depression One was absorbed by a warm front.{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|year=2009|access-date=February 15, 2010|title=Easy-to-Read-HURDAT 1851–2008|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/easyread-2009.html}}

As a tropical cyclone, the depression had no impact on land. However, the precursor to the system brought scattered rainfall and increased winds to parts of the North Carolina coastline, but no damage. Rainfall in Hatteras amounted to {{convert|0.1|in|mm|abbr=on}} on May 27; sustained wind reached {{convert|15|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and gusts were measured up to {{convert|23|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. The lowest sea level pressure recorded in relation to the system was 1009 mbar (hPa; {{convert|1009|mbar|inHg|lk=on|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}).{{cite web|publisher=Weather Underground|date=May 27, 2008|access-date=September 29, 2021|title=History for Hatteras, NC: May 27, 2009 Weather|url=http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KHSE/2009/5/27/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104143839/http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KHSE/2009/5/27/DailyHistory.html?req_city=NA&req_state=NA&req_statename=NA|archive-date=November 4, 2013}} Increased winds along coastal areas of the state was possible in relation to the outer edges of the depression.{{cite web|author=Rob Nucatola |publisher=WCTV |date=May 28, 2009 |access-date=May 28, 2009 |title=Tropical Depression One Forms |url=http://www.wctv.tv/home/headlines/46365517.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831155436/http://www.wctv.tv/home/headlines/46365517.html |archive-date=August 31, 2015 }}

{{Clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Ana aug 12 2009 1540Z.jpg

|Track=Ana 2009 track.png

|Formed=August 11

|Dissipated=August 16

|1-min winds=35

|Pressure=1003

}}

{{Main|Tropical Storm Ana (2009)}}

Ana formed out of an area of low pressure associated with a tropical wave on August 11, Ana briefly attained tropical storm intensity on August 12 before weakening back to a depression. The following day, the system degenerated into a non-convective remnant low as it tracked westward. On August 14, the depression regenerated roughly 1,075 mi (1,735 km) east of the Leeward Islands. Around 06:00 UTC on August 15, the storm re-attained tropical storm status, at which time it was named Ana. After reaching a peak intensity with winds of {{convert|40|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} and a barometric pressure of 1003 mbar (hPa; {{convert|1003|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}), the storm began to weaken again due to increasing wind shear and the unusually fast movement of Ana. In post-storm analysis, it was discovered that Ana had degenerated into a tropical wave once more on August 16, before reaching any landmasses.{{cite web |author=Eric S. Blake |publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 26, 2009|access-date=February 23, 2010|title=Tropical Storm Ana Tropical Cyclone Report |url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL022009_Ana}} |format=PDF}}

Numerous tropical storm watches were issued for the Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic between August 15 and 17. Several islands took minor precautions for the storm, including St. Croix which evacuated 40 residents from flood-prone areas ahead of the storm.{{cite web|author=Staff Writer |publisher=Cope |date=August 18, 2009 |access-date=February 23, 2010 |title=República Dominicana respira ante degradación de "Ana" en onda tropical |url=http://www.cope.es/mundo/18-08-09--republica-dominicana-respira-degradacion-ana-onda-tropical-76908-2 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224070812/http://www.cope.es/mundo/18-08-09--republica-dominicana-respira-degradacion-ana-onda-tropical-76908-2 |archive-date=February 24, 2012 }} In the Dominican Republic, officials took preparations by setting up relief agencies and setting up shelters.{{cite web|author=Staff Writer |publisher=Dominicanos Hoy |date=August 17, 2009 |access-date=February 23, 2010 |title=Activan organismos por depresión tropical Ana |url=http://dominicanoshoy.com/articulos/archivos/2009/agosto/articulo/activan-organismos-de-socorro-por-depresion-tropical-ana/ |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129003409/http://dominicanoshoy.com/articulos/archivos/2009/agosto/articulo/activan-organismos-de-socorro-por-depresion-tropical-ana/ |archive-date=January 29, 2016 }} Impact from Ana was minimal, mainly consisting of light to moderate rainfall. In Puerto Rico, up to {{convert|2.76|in|mm|abbr=on}},{{cite web|author=David M. Roth|publisher=Hydrometeorological Prediction Center|year=2009|access-date=February 23, 2010|title=Tropical Storm Ana – August 17–18, 2009|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/ana2009.html}} causing street flooding and forcing the evacuation of three schools. High winds associated with the storm also downed trees and power lines, leaving roughly 6,000 residents without power.{{cite web|author=Gerardo E.|publisher=El Nuevo Dia|date=August 18, 2009|access-date=February 23, 2010|title=Ana se deja sentir en la Isla|url=http://www.elnuevodia.com/anasedejasentirenlaisla-604564.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100420042226/http://www.elnuevodia.com/anasedejasentirenlaisla-604564.html| archive-date=April 20, 2010| url-status= live|language=es}}

{{Clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Image=Bill 2009-08-19 1725Z.jpg

|Basin=Atl

|Track=Bill 2009 track.png

|Formed=August 15

|Dissipated=August 24

|1-min winds=115

|Pressure=943

}}

{{Main|Hurricane Bill (2009)}}

On August 15, Tropical Depression Three formed. Light wind shear and warm waters allowed the depression to steadily intensify, becoming Tropical Storm Bill later that day. By August 17, Bill attained hurricane-status about midway between the Cape Verde Islands and the Lesser Antilles. Eventually the hurricane attained its peak intensity as a Category 4 storm roughly {{convert|345|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} east-northeast of the Leeward Islands. The storm attained maximum winds of {{convert|130|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, the highest of any storm during the season, before weakening slightly as it turned north. The large storm passed roughly {{convert|175|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} west of Bermuda as a Category 2 hurricane. Further weakening took place as Bill brushed the southern coast of Nova Scotia the following day. Shortly before making landfall in Newfoundland, Bill weakened to a tropical storm and accelerated. The storm eventually transitioned into an extratropical cyclone after moving over the north Atlantic before being absorbed by a larger non-tropical low on August 24.

Two people were killed by the storm's large swells—one in Maine and another in Florida. The hurricane came close enough to warrant tropical cyclone watches and warnings in both the US and Canada. Bill was one of three tropical storms active on August 16. Large, life-threatening swells produced by the storm impacted north-facing coastlines of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola as Hurricane Bill approached Bermuda.{{cite news |agency=Agence France-Presse |newspaper=Taiwan News |date=August 22, 2009 |access-date=September 29, 2021|title=Bermuda placed on alert as Hurricane Bill advances |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/1037943}} Along the coasts of North Carolina, waves averaging {{convert|10|ft|m|abbr=on}} in height impacted beaches. On Long Island, beach damage was severe; in some areas the damage was worse than Hurricane Gloria in 1985.{{cite web|author=Shelby Sebens |work=Star News |date=August 22, 2009 |access-date=August 23, 2009 |title=No deaths or major damage as hurricane Bill passes |url=http://www.starnewsonline.com/article/20090822/ARTICLES/908229973?Title=No-deaths-or-major-damage-as-hurricane-Bill-sweeps-coast |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240521193225/https://www.webcitation.org/5jEkPjiKO?url=http://www.starnewsonline.com/article/20090822/ARTICLES/908229973%3FTitle=No-deaths-or-major-damage-as-hurricane-Bill-sweeps-coast |archive-date=May 21, 2024 }} In New York, severe beach erosion caused by the storm resulted in over $35.5 million in losses.{{cite news|author=Russell Drumm|newspaper=The East Hampton Star|date=December 3, 2009|access-date=February 17, 2010|title=Federal, State Funds Sought for Damage

|url=http://www.easthamptonstar.com/dnn/Home/News/FundsSoughtforDamage/tabid/10705/Default.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229103345/http://www.easthamptonstar.com/dnn/Home/News/FundsSoughtforDamage/tabid/10705/Default.aspx|archive-date=December 29, 2010}}

{{Clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Claudette Aug 16 2009 1830Z.jpg

|Track=Claudette 2009 track.png

|Formed=August 16

|Dissipated=August 18

|1-min winds=50

|Pressure=1005

}}

{{Main|Tropical Storm Claudette (2009)}}

Just one day after the formation of Hurricane Bill, the season's third named storm developed on August 16. Forming out of a tropical wave and an upper-level low-pressure system, Claudette quickly intensified into a tropical storm offshore south of Tallahassee, Florida. By the afternoon, the storm had attained winds of {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} and steadily tracked towards the Florida Panhandle. Early on August 17, the center of Claudette made landfall on Santa Rosa Island. Several hours after landfall, the storm weakened to a tropical depression and the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center took over primary responsibility of the storm. The system quickly dissipated and was last noted over Alabama on August 18.{{cite web|author=Richard J. Pasch|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 5, 2010|access-date=February 28, 2010|title=Tropical Storm Claudette Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL042009_Claudette}}|format=PDF}}

The National Hurricane Center issued tropical storm warnings for the Florida coastline and residents in some counties were advised to evacuate storm-surge-prone areas.{{cite web|author=Staff Writer |publisher=WMBB13 |date=August 16, 2009 |access-date=February 28, 2011 |title=Severe Weather — Gulf County |url=http://www.panhandleparade.com/index.php/mbb/article/severe_weather_gulf_county/mbb779339/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817203939/http://www.panhandleparade.com/index.php/mbb/article/severe_weather_gulf_county/mbb779339/ |archive-date=August 17, 2009 }} Tropical Storm Claudette, produced moderate rainfall across portions of Florida, Georgia, and Alabama between August 16 and 18. Two people were killed offshore amidst rough seas from the storm.{{cite web|author=Stuart Hinson|publisher=National Climatic Data Center|year=2009|access-date=February 15, 2010|title=Florida Event Report: Storm Surge/Tide|url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~784010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805225010/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~ShowEvent~784010|archive-date=2012-08-05|url-status=dead}} An EF-0 tornado spawned by the storm in Cape Coral damaged 11 homes, leaving $103,000 in damages. Additional damages to coastal property and beaches amounted to $125,000 as a result of Claudette.

{{Clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Danny A2009238 1730 1km.jpg

|Track=Danny 2009 track.png

|Formed=August 26

|Dissipated=August 29

|1-min winds=50

|Pressure=1006

}}

{{Main|Tropical Storm Danny (2009)}}

Around the same time the remnants of Hurricane Bill dissipated over the northern Atlantic, a new tropical storm developed near the Bahamas on August 26. The system, immediately declared Tropical Storm Danny on its first advisory, erratically moved in a general northwestward direction. Danny attained peak winds of {{convert|60|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} before succumbing to high wind shear. After turning northward, the storm weakened and was eventually absorbed by another low-pressure system off the east coast of the United States early on August 29.{{cite web|author=John L. Beven II|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=January 6, 2010|access-date=February 15, 2010|title=Tropical Storm Danny Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL052009_Danny}}|format=PDF}} High waves from Danny killed a boy in the Outer Banks.{{cite news |url=http://www.wral.com/news/state/story/5908847/ |title=Body of boy missing off Outer Banks recovered |date=September 1, 2009 |newspaper=WRAL |access-date=2009-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904030657/http://www.wral.com/news/state/story/5908847 |archive-date=2009-09-04 |url-status=dead }}

{{Clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Erika 2009-09-01 1700Z.jpg

|Track=Erika 2009 track.png

|Formed=September 1

|Dissipated=September 3

|1-min winds=45

|Pressure=1004

}}

{{Main|Tropical Storm Erika (2009)}}

On September 1, the season's fifth named storm, Tropical Storm Erika, formed east of the Lesser Antilles. Upon forming, the storm had attained its peak intensity with winds of {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. Persistent wind shear prevented the system from intensifying and resulted in the storm's convection being completely displaced from the center of circulation by the time it passed over Guadeloupe on September 2. After entering the Caribbean Sea, Erika briefly regained strength before fully succumbing to strong shear. The system eventually dissipated on September 4, to the south of Puerto Rico.{{cite web|author=Daniel P. Brown|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 29, 2009|access-date=February 15, 2010|title=Tropical Storm Erika Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL062009_Erika}}|format=PDF}} Damages were minor, though one island received several inches of rain.{{Citation needed|reason=No citation about island receiving several inches of rain|date=November 2021}}

{{Clear}}

{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Hurricane Fred 2009-09-09 1250Z.jpg| image_width=170px

|Track=Fred 2009 track.png

|Formed=September 7

|Dissipated=September 12

|1-min winds=105

|Pressure=958

}}

Hurricane Fred originated from a strong tropical wave that moved off the west coast of Africa on September 6, quickly developing a low pressure area.{{cite web|author=Michael J. Brennan|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 23, 2009|access-date=February 15, 2010|title=Hurricane Fred Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL072009_Fred}}|format=PDF}} The NHC anticipated further development, due to favorable environmental conditions.{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch |publisher=National Hurricane Center |date=September 6, 2009 |access-date=August 9, 2024 |title=Tropical Weather Outlook |url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOAT/2009/TWOAT.200909061745.txt}} Moving westward due to a ridge to its north, the system organized further, developing into Tropical Depression Seven on September 7. At the time, it was located about 220 mi (350 km) southeast of Brava in the Cape Verde islands. The winds and heavy rains led to the cancellation of two flights and the delay of several others across Cabo Verde.{{cite news|author=Staff Writer|newspaper=A Semana|date=September 8, 2009|access-date=September 12, 2009|title=TACV e Halcyonair cancelam voos devido ao mau tempo|url=http://www.asemana.publ.cv/spip.php?article45176&ak=1|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174813/http://www.asemana.publ.cv/spip.php?article45176&ak=1|archive-date=March 3, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}} The thunderstorms organized into rainbands, signaling that the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Fred early on September 8, as outflow developed around the storm.{{cite web|author=Michael Brennan|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 7, 2009|access-date=September 12, 2009|title=Tropical Storm Fred Public Advisory Two|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/al07/al072009.public.002.shtml?}}{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 8, 2009|access-date=September 12, 2009|title=Tropical Storm Fred Discussion Three|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/al07/al072009.discus.003.shtml?}} An eye soon developed within the center of the convection,{{cite web|author=Eric Blake|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 8, 2009|access-date=September 12, 2009|title=Tropical Storm Fred Discussion Five|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/al07/al072009.discus.005.shtml?}} and Fred intensified into a hurricane by early on September 9, just 30 hours after its formation. It continued its rapid intensification as it developed a {{convert|12|mi|km|abbr=on}}-wide eye, aided by low wind shear and high sea surface temperatures. At 12:00 UTC on September 9, Fred attained a peak intensity of {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, with an estimated pressure of {{convert|958|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}, making it a Category 3 hurricane. Fred was the fourth ever recorded major hurricane located south of 30°N and east of 40°W.{{cite web|author=Richard Pasch|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 9, 2009|access-date=September 12, 2009|title=Hurricane Fred Discussion Seven|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/al07/al072009.discus.007.shtml?}}{{cite web|author=Eric Blake|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 9, 2009|access-date=September 9, 2009|title=Hurricane Fred Discussion Eight|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/al07/al072009.discus.008.shtml?}}

Soon after its peak intensity, Fred began weakening due to an eyewall replacement cycle and stronger wind shear caused by an approaching trough. Also around that time, the hurricane slowed and began moving northwestward as it moved around the subtropical ridge. The approaching trough turned Fred to the northeast on September 11, by which time eye disappeared and the convection lost organization. That day, it weakened to tropical storm status as dry air eroded the thunderstorms.{{cite web|author=Robbie Berg|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 9, 2009|access-date=September 12, 2009|title=Hurricane Fred Discussion Ten|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/al07/al072009.discus.010.shtml?}}{{cite web|author=Lixion A. Avila|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 10, 2009|access-date=September 12, 2009|title=Hurricane Fred Discussion Thirteen|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/al07/al072009.discus.013.shtml?}}{{cite web|author=Lixion A. Avila|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 11, 2009|access-date=September 12, 2009|title=Tropical Storm Fred Discussion Seventeen|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/al07/al072009.discus.017.shtml?}} On September 12, the shear and dry air stripped the thunderstorms from the circulation, and Fred degenerated into a remnant low.{{cite web|author=Eric Blake|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=September 12, 2009|access-date=September 12, 2009|title=Tropical Storm Fred Discussion Nineteen|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/al07/al072009.discus.019.shtml?}} The circulation executed a small loop before resuming a west-northwest track on September 13. That day, thunderstorms redeveloped over the center, the first of several times that the convection reformed over the center, but failed to reorganize into a tropical cyclone. On September 19, the remnant circulation dissipated roughly {{convert|520|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} southwest of Bermuda.{{cite web|author=Michael Brennan|title=Tropical Weather Outlook|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/text/TWOAT/2009/TWOAT.200909132035.txt|format=TXT|publisher=National Hurricane Center}}

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{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Pre-Tropical Depression Eight 2009-09-25 1250Z.jpg

|Track=08-L 2009 track.png

|Formed=September 25

|Dissipated=September 26

|1-min winds=30

|Pressure=1008

}}

In late September, a new, well-defined tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa into the Atlantic Ocean. By September 25, the system had developed sufficient deep convection for the NHC to classify it as Tropical Depression Eight. At this time, the depression attained its peak intensity with winds of {{convert|35|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} and a minimum pressure of 1008 mbar (hPa). Shortly thereafter, wind shear and decreasing sea surface temperatures caused the depression to weaken. The system degenerated into a remnant low on September 26 before degenerating into a trough of low pressure.{{cite web|author=Todd B. Kimberlain|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=October 23, 2009|access-date=February 15, 2010|title=Tropical Depression Eight Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL082009_Eight}}|format=PDF}}

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{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Tropical Storm Grace 2009 at peak intensity.jpg

|Track=Grace 2009 track.png

|Formed=October 4

|Dissipated=October 6

|1-min winds=55

|Pressure=986

}}

{{Main|Tropical Storm Grace (2009)}}

Originating from an extratropical cyclone east of Newfoundland on September 27, the precursor to Tropical Storm Grace tracked southeastward towards the Azores, gaining subtropical characteristics. After executing a counterclockwise loop between October 1 and 3, deep convection wrapped around a small circulation center that had developed within the larger cyclone. On October 4, this smaller low developed into a tropical storm while situated near the Azores Islands, becoming the northeasternmost forming Atlantic tropical cyclone on record. The storm quickly turned northeastward and intensified, developing an eye-like feature as it attained peak winds of {{convert|65|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} and a minimum pressure of 986 mbar (hPa; {{convert|986|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|sigfig=4|disp=out}}). It weakened over increasingly colder waters and began merging with an approaching frontal boundary. Early on October 6, Grace transitioned into an extratropical cyclone before dissipating later that day near Wales.{{cite web|author=Robbie Berg|publisher=National Hurricane Center|date=November 28, 2009|access-date=February 15, 2010|title=Tropical Storm Grace Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL092009_Grace}}|format=PDF}}

Although Grace passed through the Azores Islands, the storm had little known effects there. In Europe, the system and its remnants brought rain to several countries, including Portugal,{{cite web|author=André Ferreira|publisher=Cofina Media|date=October 7, 2009|access-date=February 18, 2010|title='Grace' traz vento e chuva até sexta|url=http://www.cmjornal.xl.pt/noticia.aspx?contentid=0E83C425-359B-4770-8267-FCD767E054D9&channelid=00000009-0000-0000-0000-000000000009|language=pt|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110907115821/http://www.cmjornal.xl.pt/noticia.aspx?contentid=0E83C425-359B-4770-8267-FCD767E054D9&channelid=00000009-0000-0000-0000-000000000009|archive-date=September 7, 2011}} the United Kingdom{{cite news|author=Tiffany Curnick|work=Press Association Mediapoint|date=October 8, 2009|title=Grace Not Typically Tropical, But Parma The Real Deal}} and Belgium.{{cite web|publisher=Météo Belgique|date=October 8, 2009|access-date=February 21, 2010|title=Flash du 8 octobre 2009 : Pluies orageuses|url=http://www.meteobelgique.be/communaute/1388-flash-du-8-octobre-2009-pluies-orageuses.html|language=fr}} No fatalities were linked to Grace and overall damage was minimal.

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{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Henri 2009-10-06 1410Z.jpg

|Track=Henri 2009 track.png

|Formed=October 6

|Dissipated=October 8

|1-min winds=45

|Pressure=1005

}}

A tropical wave left the coast of Africa on October 1, moving westward with intermittent showers and thunderstorms.{{cite web|author=Eric Blake|title=Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Henri|date=November 17, 2009|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=December 1, 2009|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL102009_Henri}}}} On October 5, the system became better organized,{{cite web|author=Michael Brennan|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for October 5, 2009|date=October 5, 2009|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 25, 2021|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/gtwo/atl/200910051736/}} and a low-pressure area formed.{{cite web|author=Daniel Brown and David Roberts|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for October 5, 2009|date=October 5, 2009|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=February 25, 2021|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/gtwo/atl/200910052344/}} Although the thunderstorms were displaced east of the center of circulation and the probability for development was never high, the disturbance became a tropical depression around 0000 UTC on October 6 about {{convert|775|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} east of the Lesser Antilles. Operationally, the storm was not designated a tropical cyclone until later on October 6, when it was immediately declared a tropical storm.{{cite web|author=Robbie Berg|title=Tropical Storm Henri Discussion Number 1|date=October 6, 2009|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=December 1, 2009|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/al10/al102009.discus.001.shtml?}}

Affected by strong wind shear, Henri remained disorganized with its center located on the western edge of the convection. Moving northwestward, Henri intensified slightly to peak winds of {{convert|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on October 7 after the convection increased. Shortly thereafter, the wind shear grew stronger, and on October 8 the storm weakened to a tropical depression. The structure became further disorganized with several low-level vortices.{{cite web|author=Eric Blake|title=Tropical Depression Henri Discussion Number 8|date=October 8, 2009|publisher=National Hurricane Center|access-date=December 1, 2009|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2009/al10/al102009.discus.008.shtml?}} Just twelve hours after weakening into a depression, Henri degenerated into a remnant area of low pressure. The remnants continued northwestward before turning to the west-southwest due to a ridge. On October 11, the storm's circulation dissipated near Hispaniola, having never impacted land.

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{{Infobox tropical cyclone small

|Basin=Atl

|Image=Hurricane Ida 2009-11-08 16-30 UTC.jpg

|Track=Ida 2009 track.png

|Formed=November 4

|Dissipated=November 10

|1-min winds=90

|Pressure=975

}}

{{Main|Hurricane Ida (2009)}}{{see also|November 2009 nor'easter}}

The final storm of the 2009 season formed over the southern Caribbean Sea on November 4. The slow moving system quickly developed into Tropical Storm Ida within a favorable environment as it neared the coastline of Nicaragua. Several hours before moving over land, Ida attained hurricane-status, with winds reaching {{convert|80|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}. Hours after moving inland, Ida weakened to a tropical storm and further to a tropical depression as it turned northward. On November 7, the depression re-entered the Caribbean Sea and quickly intensified. Early on November 8, the system re-attained hurricane intensity as it rapidly intensified over warm waters. Ida attained its peak intensity as a Category 2 hurricane early the next day with winds of {{convert|105|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} as it moved over the Yucatán Channel. Not long after reaching this intensity, Ida quickly weakened to a tropical storm as it entered the Gulf of Mexico. Despite strong wind shear, the storm briefly re-attained hurricane status for a third time near the southeastern Louisiana coastline before quickly weakening to a tropical storm. Shortly before moving inland over the southern United States, Ida transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. The remnants of Ida persisted until November 11, at which time the low dissipated. Remnant energy from Ida provided energy for another system which became a powerful nor'easter, causing significant damage in the Mid-Atlantic States. The resulting storm came to be known as Nor'Ida.

In the southern Caribbean, Hurricane Ida caused roughly $2.1 million in damage in Nicaragua after destroying numerous homes and leaving an estimated 40,000 people homeless.{{cite web|author=Staff Writer |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=November 6, 2009 |access-date=February 15, 2009 |title=El huracán 'Ida' deja al menos 40.000 damnificados en Nicaragua |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5joOdwzBp_SqqcAxmfVhAzr82ojyg |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413183012/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5joOdwzBp_SqqcAxmfVhAzr82ojyg |archive-date=April 13, 2010 }}{{cite news|author=Sergio León |newspaper=La Prensa |date=November 5, 2009 |access-date=February 15, 2009 |title=Huracán deja estela de daños en la RAAS |url=http://www.laprensa.com.ni/2009/11/05/nacionales/6950 |language=es |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131226155919/http://www.laprensa.com.ni/2009/11/05/nacionales/6950 |archive-date=December 26, 2013 }} Ida also produced significant rainfall across portions of western Cuba, with some areas recording up to {{convert|12.5|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain during the storm's passage. In the United States, the hurricane and the subsequent nor'easter caused substantial damage, mainly in the Mid-Atlantic States. One person was killed by Ida after drowning in rough seas while six others were killed in various incidents related to the nor'easter. Overall, the two systems caused nearly $300 million in damage throughout the country.{{cite web|publisher=National Climatic Data Center |year=2010 |access-date=April 11, 2010 |title=NCDC Storm Events Database |url=http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410122011/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms |archive-date=10 April 2010 |url-status=dead }}

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{{Tropical cyclone naming}}

The following list of names was used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 2009.{{cite web|author=National Hurricane Center |title=Worldwide Tropical Cyclone Names |year=2008 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=August 4, 2008 |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804225453/http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml |archive-date=August 4, 2008 |url-status=dead }} This was the same list used in the 2003 season,{{cite report|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/NHOP-FCM-P12-2003.pdf|page=3-8|publisher=NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research|location=Washington, D.C.|title=National Hurricane Operations Plan|date=May 2003|access-date=January 21, 2024}} with the exceptions of Fred, Ida, and Joaquin, which replaced Fabian, Isabel, and Juan, respectively.{{cite report|url=https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/Publications/NatHurricaneOpsPlans/HOPs-P12-2004.pdf|page=3-9|publisher=NOAA Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research|location=Washington, D.C.|title=National Hurricane Operations Plan|date=May 2004|access-date=January 21, 2024}} Storms were named Fred and Ida for the first time in 2009. No names were retired following the season,{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names|url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames_history.shtml|publisher=National Hurricane Center|location=Miami, Florida|access-date=January 21, 2024}} so the same list was used again for the 2015 season.{{cite web|title=Hurricane names for the 2015 Atlantic season|date=June 1, 2015|url=https://www.wral.com/story/hurricane-names-for-the-2014-atlantic-season/12543508/|publisher=WRAL-TV|location=Raleigh, North Carolina|access-date=January 21, 2024}}

This is a table of all of the storms that formed in the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2009 USD.

{{Saffir-Simpson small|align=center}}

{{TC stats table start3|year=2009|basin=North Atlantic tropical cyclone|align=center}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=One|dates=May 28–29|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1006|areas=North Carolina|damage=None|deaths=None}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Ana|dates=August 11–16|max-winds=40 (65)|min-press=1003|areas=Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Cuba, The Bahamas|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat4|name=Bill|dates=August 15–24|max-winds=130 (215)|min-press=943|areas=Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, United States East Coast, Bermuda, Atlantic Canada, British Isles|damage=$46.2 million|deaths=2}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Claudette|dates=August 16–18|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=1005|areas=Southeastern United States|damage=$350,000|deaths=2}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Danny|dates=August 26–29|max-winds=60 (95)|min-press=1006|areas=North Carolina, Northeastern United States, Atlantic Canada|damage=Minimal|deaths=1}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Erika|dates=September 1–3|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=1004|areas=Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic|damage=$35,000|deaths=None}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat3|name=Fred|dates=September 7–12|max-winds=120 (195)|min-press=958|areas=Cape Verde|damage=None|deaths=None}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=depression|name=Eight|dates=September 25–26|max-winds=35 (55)|min-press=1008|areas=None|damage=None|deaths=None}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Grace|dates=October 4–6|max-winds=65 (100)|min-press=986|areas=Azores, Portugal, British Isles|damage=Minimal|deaths=None}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=storm|name=Henri|dates=October 6–8|max-winds=50 (85)|min-press=1005|areas=Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles|damage=None|deaths=None}}

{{TC stats cyclone3|cat=cat2|name=Ida|dates=November 4–10|max-winds=105 (165)|min-press=975|areas=Central America, Cayman Islands, Yucatán Peninsula, Cuba, Southeastern United States|damage=$11.4 million|deaths=4}}

{{TC stats table end3|num-cyclones=11|dates=May 28 – November 10|max-winds=130 (215)|min-press=943|tot-areas=|tot-damage=~$57.99 million|tot-deaths=9}}

{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}

• Tropical cyclones in 2009
• 2009 Pacific hurricane season
• 2009 Pacific typhoon season
• 2009 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
• South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2008–09, 2009–10
• Australian region cyclone seasons: 2008–09, 2009–10
• South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2008–09, 2009–10
• South Atlantic tropical cyclone
• Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone

{{Reflist}}

{{reflist|group=nb}}

{{Sister project links|wikt=no|b=no|q=no|s=no|commons=Category:2009 Atlantic hurricane season|n=|v=no|species=no}}

• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WS7QrfqYrkA Satellite loop of the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season]
• [http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/2009.html HPC rainfall page for 2009 Tropical Cyclones]
• [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov National Hurricane Center Website]
• [http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/text/MIATWOAT.shtml National Hurricane Center's Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook]
• [http://www.ssd.noaa.gov/PS/TROP/TCFP/atlantic.html Tropical Cyclone Formation Probability Guidance Product]

{{2009 Atlantic hurricane season buttons}}

{{TC Decades|Year=2000|basin=Atlantic|type=hurricane}}

{{Tropical cyclone season|2009}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2009 Atlantic Hurricane Season}}

Category:Atlantic hurricane seasons

Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines

Atlantic