2010 Latvian parliamentary election

After the 2009 Riga riot, which was due to the effects of the 2008 financial crisis on Latvia, some politicians saw early elections as the only way to confront the people's anger.[https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5igNfjvfgwAexpWFDzydqxdWIrsPgD95OCN202 ]{{dead link|date=June 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} The elections were to be averted if the Saeima passed constitutional reform laws, including a law to allow referendums on dissolving parliament, by {{Nowrap|31 March}} 2009;{{cite web |author=The Earthtimes |url=http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/254221,latvian-prime-minister-wins-crucial-confidence-vote.html |title=Latvian prime minister wins crucial confidence vote | Earth Times News |publisher=Earthtimes.org |date=4 February 2009 |access-date=4 October 2010 |archive-date=25 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825183701/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/254221,latvian-prime-minister-wins-crucial-confidence-vote.html |url-status=dead }} if this had not happened, the President of Latvia, Valdis Zatlers, would have dissolved parliament.{{cite web |url=http://www.baltic-course.com/eng2/analytics/?doc=8738 |title=If Saeima does not amend Constitution by March 31, Zatlers will propose dissolving parliament |publisher=The Baltic Course |date=14 January 2009 |access-date=4 October 2010}}

After surviving a vote of no confidence in early February, PM Ivars Godmanis resigned on {{Nowrap|20 February}} 2009 after the two largest parties (People's Party and the Union of Greens and Farmers) called for his dismissal.{{cn|date=April 2023}} A new government was formed, headed by Valdis Dombrovskis.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7911983.stm Dombrovskis chosen as Latvian PM, BBC News, {{Nowrap|26 February}} 2009] There were also discussions that President Zatlers might use the parliamentary dissolution power of Latvian President to call a referendum on holding early elections.{{cite web|author=|url=http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90853/6597929.html |title=Social, economic woes, political pressure behind Latvian prime minister's resignation – People's Daily Online |publisher=English.people.com.cn |date=21 February 2009 |access-date=4 October 2010}} Zatlers stated on {{Nowrap|23 February}} 2009 that early elections might be necessary, and that he was willing to extend the deadline for reforms from {{Nowrap|31 March}} for one week to {{Nowrap|7 April}} 2009 due to the collapse of the government.{{cite web |url=http://www.pr-inside.com/latvia-s-president-says-snap-election-possible-r1075179.htm |title=Latvia's president says snap election possible |publisher=Pr-inside.com |access-date=4 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229092620/http://www.pr-inside.com/latvia-s-president-says-snap-election-possible-r1075179.htm |archive-date=29 February 2012 }}

The tasks given to parliament were: pass constitutional amendments to allow the people to dissolve parliament, passing electoral reforms and setting up an economic supervisory council for the recovery plan and international loans. The tasks given to the government were: coming up with a recovery plan and implementing it, appointing a new head for the Corruption Prevention Board, and reorganising the government and public administration.{{cite web |url=http://www.baltic-course.com/eng2/analytics/?doc=10796 |title=President of Latvia hopes that his tasks will be accomplished |publisher=The Baltic Course |date=20 September 2010 |access-date=4 October 2010}} Zatlers stated he would hold talks with politicians from all parties on {{Nowrap|31 March}} 2009 and announce his assessment of the situation on the same day.{{cite web |url=http://www.baltic-course.com/eng2/legislation/?doc=11812 |title=Zatlers waiting for accomplishment evaluations from the Government till March 31 |publisher=The Baltic Course |date=27 March 2009 |access-date=4 October 2010}}

On 31 March 2009, Zatlers announced he would not dissolve parliament. The Saeima was to consider constitutional amendments as early as {{Nowrap|9 April}} 2009.{{cite web|author=Kate McIntosh |url=http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/22617/ |title=Zatlers not to dissolve parliament |publisher=The Baltic Times |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=4 October 2010}}{{cite web |url=http://www.easybourse.com/bourse-actualite/marches/latvian-president-drops-threat-to-call-snap-vote-amid-643843 |title=International – News sur Easy Bourse |publisher=Easybourse.com |date=30 September 2010 |access-date=4 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406190215/http://www.easybourse.com/bourse-actualite/marches/latvian-president-drops-threat-to-call-snap-vote-amid-643843 |archive-date=6 April 2009 }}

Several changes to the election law took effect for this election.{{Cite web |url=http://www.kasjauns.lv/lv/news/velesanu-lokomotives-nonemtas-no-trases%26news_id%3D23768 |title="Vēlēšanu lokomotīves noņemtas no trases", Kas Jauns, 2 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306183859/http://www.kasjauns.lv/lv/news/velesanu-lokomotives-nonemtas-no-trases%26news_id%3D23768 |archive-date=6 March 2012 |url-status=dead |access-date=11 April 2019}} The so-called "locomotive law" ({{langx|lv|lokomotīvju likuma}}) meant that candidates were restricted to standing in one constituency. In addition to completing registration forms in paper format, for the first time, parties also had to register electronically. Voting hours were shortened, with polling stations closing two hours earlier at {{Nowrap|8 pm}} instead of {{Nowrap|10 pm}}. Finally laws relating to election spending were tightened, in particular, laws against third party advertising on behalf of political parties were strengthened.

There are thirteen parties and electoral alliances running:{{cite web |url=http://web.cvk.lv/pub/public/28361.html |title=The 10th Saeima elections |publisher=Web.cvk.lv |date=30 September 2010 |access-date=4 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101019073218/http://web.cvk.lv/pub/public/28361.html |archive-date=19 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}

• FHRUL (For Human Rights in United Latvia) (PCTVL – Par cilvēka tiesībām vienotā Latvijā)
• Unity (Vienotība): comprising the New Era Party, Civic Union and Society for Other Politics
• Made in Latvia (Ražots Latvijā)
• Association of political parties 'Harmony Centre' (Politisko partiju apvienība 'Saskaņas Centrs'): formed by the Social Democratic Party "Harmony", Socialist Party of Latvia and the Daugavpils City Party
• People's Control (Tautas kontrole)
• Union of Greens and Farmers (Zaļo un Zemnieku savienība): consisting of the Latvian Farmers' Union and the Green Party of Latvia
• For Presidential Republic (Par prezidentālu republiku)
• For a Good Latvia (Par labu Latviju): of the People's Party, Latvia's First Party/Latvian Way and For a Good Latvia
• RESPONSIBILITY – Social Democratic Association of Political Parties (ATBILDĪBA – sociāldemokrātiska politisko partiju apvienība)
• Party 'Daugava - For Latvia' (Partija 'Daugava – Latvijai')
• The Last Party (Pēdējā partija)
• National Association 'All For Latvia!' – 'For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK' (Nacionālā apvienība 'Visu Latvijai' – 'Tēvzemei un Brīvībai/LNNK'): consisting of For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK and All For Latvia!{{cite web|url=http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/26517/ |title=Lembergs brings 'experience' to Green Party ticket |publisher=The Baltic Times |date=7 July 2010 |access-date=4 October 2010}}
• Christian Democratic Union (Kristīgi demokrātiskā savienība)

In the run-up to the election, three right-wing parties (New Era Party, Civic Union and Society for Other Politics) established an alliance called Unity on {{Nowrap|6 March}} 2010. Furthermore, most of the parties constituting the Harmony Centre alliance (National Harmony Party, New Centre and Social Democratic Party – but not the Socialist Party of Latvia and the Daugavpils City Party) had merged into the Social Democratic Party "Harmony" on {{Nowrap|10 February}} 2010.{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saskanascentrs.lv%2Flv%2Fnews%2F922&sl=lv&tl=en |title=Google Translate |access-date=4 October 2010}} On {{Nowrap|22 April}} 2010, the People's Party and the Latvia's First Party/Latvian Way formed an electoral alliance (including the newly founded businessmen's movement For a Good Latvia) called For a Good Latvia.{{cite web |last=Greenhalgh |first=Nathan |url=http://balticreports.com/?p=15530 |title=People's Party, LPP/LC join |publisher=balticreports.com |date=22 April 2010 |access-date=4 October 2010 |archive-date=9 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009133728/http://balticreports.com/?p=15530 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zz.lv%2Fportals%2Fvietejas%2Fraksts.html%3Fxml_id%3D22168&sl=lv&tl=en |title=Google Translate |access-date=4 October 2010}}

Unity on 28 May 2010 declined to include For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK and the far-right All For Latvia! in their alliance;{{cite web |last=Greenhalgh |first=Nathan |url=http://balticreports.com/?p=18512 |title=Unity forgoes merging with far-right |publisher=balticreports.com |date=31 May 2010 |access-date=4 October 2010 |archive-date=9 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009133846/http://balticreports.com/?p=18512 |url-status=dead }} these two parties then decided to form an electoral alliance.{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apollo.lv%2Fportal%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F204733&sl=lv&tl=en |title=Google Translate |access-date=4 October 2010}}

Numerous televised debates took place prior to the election. These involved either the party leaders or other senior party figures. In all, seven debates took place on the LNT Channel, five of these were held on a regional basis and all involved parties which were polling 2% or above in opinion polls.[http://www.delfi.lv/news/velesanas_2010/zinas/ari-lnt-sola-verienigi-atspogulot-saeimas-velesanas.d?id=33569587 "Arī LNT sola vērienīgi atspoguļot Saeimas vēlēšanas", delfi.lv, {{Nowrap|16 August}} 2010]. Retrieved {{Nowrap|2 October}} 2010. A total of eleven debates took place on the LTV Channel, five of which were held on a regional basis, with one debate between the Prime Ministerial candidates and a further five held on the basis of five themes: Finance, Prosperity, Health, Economy and Development, and Education and Culture. Like the LNT debates, these involved parties which opinion polls indicated would poll 2% or more. A twelfth debate was held on LTV between the remaining seven parties or electoral lists which were not expected to poll 2%. The two debates held on the PBK Channel involved the four parties which the opinion polls indicated would poll 5% or more. However outgoing Prime Minister Valdis Dombrovskis refused to take part in the debate, following controversy over previous remarks made by the debate's moderator Aleksandr Gordon. Unity decided not to send a replacement and were absent from the debate.[http://diena.lv/lat/politics/hot/dombrovskis-nepiedalisies-pbk-prieksvelesanu-debates Diena, {{Nowrap|29 September}} 2010]

Pre-election polls had indicated that the outgoing government could be re-elected however they had also pointed to the possibility of one of the main opposition parties, Harmony Centre, making gains and becoming the largest party in the Saeima.[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d6d968b8-ce15-11df-a156-00144feab49a.html Financial Times, {{Nowrap|2 October}} 2010]

According to a poll{{cite news|url=http://www.kasjauns.lv/lv/news/popularakas-partijas-saskanas-centrs-vienotiba-un-zzs&news_id=23813|title=Populārākās partijas: "Saskaņas centrs", "Vienotība" un ZZS|language=lv|access-date=30 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908110835/http://www.kasjauns.lv/lv/news/popularakas-partijas-saskanas-centrs-vienotiba-un-zzs%26news_id%3D23813|archive-date=8 September 2010|url-status=dead}} conducted in June by Latvijas fakti, Harmony Centre would get 18.5% of the vote; Unity, 16.2%; Union of Greens and Farmers, 11.3%; For a Good Latvia, 5.3% and National Alliance, 4.4%.

A later Latvijas Fakti poll conducted between 25 and {{Nowrap|27 September}} 2010 showed 21.2% support for Harmony Centre, 19.2% for Unity, 9.9% for Greens and Farmers and For Fatherland and Freedom on 5.2%. For a Good Latvia, led by members of the previous government, was at 7.8%. About 19 percent of the 1,004 respondents were undecided. The margin of error was 3.2 percent.[http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-09-30/latvian-election-may-keep-dombrovskis-in-power-as-russians-gain.html "Latvian Election May Keep Dombrovskis in Power as Russians Gain", Business Week, {{Nowrap|30 September}} 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110416185330/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-09-30/latvian-election-may-keep-dombrovskis-in-power-as-russians-gain.html |date=16 April 2011 }}

OSCE/ODIHR Limited Election Observation Mission provided, among others, the following recommendations:

• allowing independent candidates to stand in elections;
• giving consideration to granting “non-citizens” of Latvia the right to vote in municipal elections;
• issuing voter education materials in minority languages, enabling use of minority languages when dealing with election authorities;
• stronger sanctions for campaign violations;
• reviewing candidacy restrictions based on lustration provisions with a view to bringing them to an early end.[http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/latvia/74785 Republic of Latvia parliamentary elections 2 October 2010. OSCE/ODIHR Limited Election Observation Mission Final Report], 2007 — p. 18-19

{{Election results

|image=File:Lettonie Saeima 2010.svg

|party1=Unity|votes1=301429|seats1=33|sc1=+15

|party2=Harmony Centre|votes2=251400|seats2=29|sc2=+12

|party3=Union of Greens and Farmers|votes3=190025|seats3=22|sc3=+4

|party4=National Alliance|votes4=74029|seats4=8|sc4=0

|party5=For a Good Latvia|votes5=73881|seats5=8|sc5=–25

|party6=For Human Rights in United Latvia|votes6=13847|seats6=0|sc6=–6

|party7=Made in Latvia|votes7=9380|seats7=0|sc7=New

|party8={{ill|Last Party (political party)|lv|Pēdējā partija|lt=Last Party}}|votes8=8458|seats8=0|sc8=New

|party9={{ill|For a Presidential Republic|lv|Par prezidentālu republiku}}|votes9=7102|seats9=0|sc9=New

|party10=Responsibility – Social Democratic Alliance of Political Parties|votes10=6139|seats10=0|sc10=New

|party11=People's Control|votes11=4002|seats11=0|sc11=New

|party12=Christian Democratic Union |votes12=3488|seats12=0|sc12=New

|party13={{ill|Heritage of the Fatherland|lv|Tēvzemes mantojums|lt=Daugava – For Latvia}}|votes13=1661|seats13=0|sc13=New

|total_sc=0

|invalid=20697

|electorate=1532319

|source=[https://www.cvk.lv/cgi-bin/wdbcgiw/base/komisijas2010.GalRezs10?nr1=3&nr2=33844 CVL], [https://www.cvk.lv/en/elections/saeima-elections/10th-saeima-election CVK], [https://www.cvk.lv/upload_file/Sa10/aktiv/Novadi.pdf CVK]

}}

Though the result made a variety of coalition options possible,Diena, p4-5, 4 October 2010 including a coalition government formed by Harmony Centre and The Union of Greens and Farmers, Dombrovskis said that Unity and the Greens and Farmers had agreed to continue working together and form a government, to be approved by parliament on 2 November.[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE69208320101003 Latvian PM, coalition partner agree to stay in govt, Reuters, 3 October 2010] For Fatherland and Freedom was also expected to be part of the government. However Dombrovskis also said that he was seeking a cooperation deal with Harmony Centre in a bid to win additional support for further budget cuts. "We offer an opportunity to sign a cooperation agreement with Harmony Center, to agree on cooperation in parliament, maybe, also delegating a minister."[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6932T320101004 Latvia PM woos opposition, budget fight seen ahead, Reuters, 4 October 2010]

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