2012 Hama offensive
{{For|other battles in this location|Battle of Hama (disambiguation)}}
{{Short description|Military operation during the Syrian Civil War}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = 2012 Hama offensive
| partof = the Syrian Civil War
| image = 2012 Hama Offensive.svg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Frontlines during and following the offensive
{{leftlegend|#EDC4BE|Syrian government control}}
{{leftlegend|#CDEBC9|Syrian opposition control}}
| date = 16–31 December 2012
({{Age in months, weeks and days|month1=12|day1=16|year1=2012|month2=12|day2=31|year2=2012}})
| place = Hama Governorate, Syria
- FSA fighters take control of 10 towns and villages in northern Hama
- Halfaya massacre
- Syrian Army counterattack recaptures several towns and villages
| combatant1 = {{flag|Syrian Opposition}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon|Syria|1980}} Syrian Government
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} Yusuf Hasan
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces (1980–2024).svg}} Unknown
| units1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} Free Syrian Army
| units2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces (1980–2024).svg}} Syrian Armed Forces
| strength1 = ~1,000 fighters
| casualties1 = 132 killed{{cite news|title=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |url=https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe|publisher=Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |access-date=25 December 2012}}{{cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/index.php?option=com_news&Itemid=2&nt=1 |title=News |publisher=Syriahr.com }}
| casualties3 = 90–200 civilians killed{{cite web|last=Solomon |first=Erika |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-idUSBRE8AJ1FK20121223 |title=Air strike kills dozens of Syrians waiting to buy bread |work=Reuters |date=23 December 2012 }}{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/12/201212231694893146.html |title=Air strike on Syria bakery 'kills dozens' – Middle East |publisher=Al Jazeera }}
}}
{{Campaignbox Syrian uprising}}
The 2012 Hama offensive was a military operation during the Syrian Civil War launched by the Syrian opposition on 16 December 2012, with the intent of taking control of the Hama Province. The offensive was stopped after the Syrian Army launched a counter-offensive, leaving the rebels in control of only half a dozen towns and villages in the north of the province.
Background
With the Hama province largely controlled by Army Forces, the FSA launched an offensive on 16 December, to capture the province and Hama city itself and by the same time, cutting the principal supply route of the Army in Aleppo.
The offensive
The rebel military council of Hama announced the start of the offensive on 16 December, giving Syrian government troops in the province an ultimatum to surrender to the Free Syrian Army within 48 hours.{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/12/17/255673.html|title=Syria's PM in first Aleppo visit since outbreak of fighting|last=AFP|date=17 December 2012|publisher=Al-Arabiya|access-date=19 December 2012}} Within two days, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and Qassem Saadeddine, a member of the Free Syrian Army military command, claimed that Syrian government troops had already been cleared from the towns of Halfaya, Kafr Nabudah, Hayalin, Hasraya, al-Lataminah, Taybat al-Imam and Kafr Zita, leaving the rebels in control of the rural western part of Hama Province, and all areas north of Hama city.{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/310435475731464|title=Hama Province|last=SOHR|publisher=Facebook|access-date=19 December 2012}}{{cite web|url=http://www.enduringamerica.com/home/2012/12/18/syria-live-coverage-a-battle-for-hama.html |title=Syria Live Coverage: A Battle for Hama? |publisher=Enduringamerica.com |date=18 December 2012 }}{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-idUSBRE8AJ1FK20121219|title=Rebels seize towns in central Syria|work=Reuters|date=19 December 2012|access-date=20 December 2012}} Rebels had advanced {{convert|40|km|mi}} south from Maarrat al-Nu'man and Jisr ash-Shugour, encountering little resistance.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/middle-east-live/2012/dec/18/syria-conflict-kidnappings-yarmouk-camp-damascus-live#block-50d08c71b5793fbbacbc4f40|title=Rebel gains (3.32 pm GMT)|date=18 December 2012|work=Middle East Liveblog|access-date=19 December 2012}} It seemed that rebels had overrun Syrian Army lines north of Hama city within 48 hours. Government positions in Khan Shaykhun and Mhardeh were reportedly under attack by rebel forces.
The rebels also made claims of fighting inside Hama city itself, with international analysts wondering if the Syrian Army was redeployed towards Homs and Latakia. However, this was not confirmed.
On 19 December, according to the Local Coordination Committees (LCC), Syrian Government security forces reportedly set up checkpoints outside Hayalin, leading to doubts as to whether or not rebels had full control over the town, unlike the other places they captured in the operation.Miller, James. [http://www.enduringamerica.com/home/2012/12/19/syria-live-coverage-the-insurgents-close-on-hama.html "Syria Live Coverage: The Insurgents Close on Hama"]. Enduringamerica.com. 2012-12-19.
On 20 December, rebels attacked and captured parts of the town of Morek in Hama's countryside, and were surrounding the Alawite towns of Ma'an and al-Tleisa.{{cite web|last=Karouny |first=Mariam |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-crisis-idUKBRE8BI1JT20121220 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207105002/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-crisis-idUKBRE8BI1JT20121220 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 February 2016 |title=Syrian rebels fight for strategic town in Hama province |work=Reuters }}
On 23 December, the LCC and SOHR reported that up to 300 civilians were killed by bombing from warplanes in the city of Halfaya, while queuing for bread at a bakery.{{cite web|author= |url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/12/23/256715.html |title=At least 300 killed in regime airstrike near Syrian bakery |publisher=Al Arabiya |date=23 December 2012 }} The Syrian Government did agree that many women and children were killed, however they blamed rebel fighters who they say attacked the town.{{cite web|url=http://www.enduringamerica.com/home/2012/12/24/syria-live-coverage-94-killed-in-regime-airstrike-on-bakery.html |title=Syria Live Coverage: "94 Killed" in Regime Airstrike on Bakery Queue |publisher=Enduringamerica.com |date=24 December 2012 }}
On 26 December, the Syrian Army retook control of three Alawite villages, including Ma'an, repelling the rebels who had entered them days earlier.{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-12-27/head-of-syrian-military-police-defects/4444332 |title=Syria's top military policeman switches sides |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=27 December 2012 }}
On 29 December, six people were killed by the Syrian air force bombardment on the town of Kafr Nabudah, two of them were children. Also, one civilian was killed by the bombardment on the town of Taybat al-Imam.{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/370628119700477 |title=Hama: 6 people were killed by the airforce bombardment on the town of Kafarnbouda |publisher=Facebook |date=30 December 2012 }} {{anchor|Qamhana}}A week later, Assad forces from Qamhana, attacked this same town.{{cite web |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPP4wHiSNVk |title= مداخلة العميد الركن أحمد خالد بري |publisher=Orient News |date=5 January 2013 |access-date=5 January 2013}}
On 30 December, the Syrian Army general command announced that they took back control of the strategic town of Morek.{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-12/31/c_124168491.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104191137/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-12/31/c_124168491.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 January 2013 |title=Syrian troops regain control of central town in Aleppo |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=31 December 2012 }}
On 31 December, Syrian Army shelling was reported on Halfaya.{{cite web |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/01-Jan-2013/syria-backs-plans-to-end-conflict |title=Syria backs plans to end conflict |work=The Nation |location=Pakistan |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103204204/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/international/01-Jan-2013/syria-backs-plans-to-end-conflict |archive-date=3 January 2013 |url-status=live}}
Aftermath
On 21 January 2013, SOHR said that a car bomb near the headquarters of a pro-government militia killed 50 people in the eastern suburbs of Hama.{{cite web |title=Moscow Is Sending Planes to Lebanon for 100 Russians Leaving Syria (Published 2013) |website=The New York Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413034327/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/22/world/middleeast/syria-war-developments.html?hpw |archive-date=13 April 2013 |url-status=live |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/22/world/middleeast/syria-war-developments.html?hpw&_r=0}}
On 22 January, the military launched an offensive, with the aim of recapturing territory lost during the rebel advance into northern Hama. 1,500 soldiers and 100 tanks were being used in the operation, and the focus was on the town of Kernaz in Mhardeh District, where up to 1,000 rebel fighters were based. By early February, the rebels were reportedly in fear of losing Kernaz and with it Kafr Naboudeh. This would leave the military in control of the whole north of Hama, reversing all previous rebel gains.{{cite web|url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/02/01/181784/syrian-government-offensive-forces.html|title=Syrian government offensive forces thousands to find shelter in caves, cars|access-date=25 October 2014|archive-date=25 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025145233/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/02/01/181784/syrian-government-offensive-forces.html|url-status=dead}}
On 6 February, 54 government employees of a defense-related factory were killed in al-Buraq south of Hama city, when a mini-bus blew up at a bus stop.[http://world.time.com/2013/02/08/group-says-54-died-in-syria-military-factory-blast/ Group Says 54 Died in Syria Military Factory Blast]{{dead link|date=July 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
On 7 February, the military recaptured Kernaz, after 16 days of fighting.{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/130207/syria-regime-retakes-town-damascus-clashes-rage-0|title=Syria regime retakes town as Damascus clashes rage|work=GlobalPost|access-date=25 October 2014}} Two days before, the Army had also regained control of the nearby town of Mughir, securing a corridor to Alawite villages in the west of the province.
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Syrian civil war}}
{{coord|35.1333|N|36.7500|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
Category:Hama Governorate in the Syrian civil war
Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Syrian government
Category:Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Free Syrian Army