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2013 SY99

{{Short description|Trans-Neptunian object}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}

{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|2013 SY|99}}}}

{{Infobox planet

| minorplanet = yes

| background = #C2E0FF

| name = {{mp|2013 SY|99}}

| image = Planet_nine-etnos_now.png

| image_scale =

| caption = The orbits of {{mp|2013 SY|99}} (left; light blue) and other detached objects, along with the hypothetical Planet Nine's orbit (right; green)

| discovery_ref =

| discoverer = OSSOS

| discovery_site = CFHT

| discovered = 29 September 2013

| mpc_name = {{mp|2013 SY|99}}

| mp_category = TNO{{·}}detached

| alt_names = uo3L91 (OSSOS survey designation)

| orbit_ref =

| epoch = 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)

| uncertainty = 4

| observation_arc = 4.30 yr

| earliest_precovery_date = 5 September 2013

| jupiter_moid = {{convert|45.00|AU|e9km+e9mi|1|abbr=unit|disp=x|
(|)}}

| perihelion = {{convert|50.029|±|0.056|AU|e9km+e9mi|2|abbr=unit|disp=x|
(|)}}

| time_periastron = ≈ 4 December 2054[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2013SY99 JPL Horizons] Observer Location: @sun (Perihelion occurs when deldot changes from negative to positive. Uncertainty in time of perihelion is 3-sigma.)
±1 month

| aphelion = {{plainlist|

  • Barycentric: {{convert|1410|AU|e9km+e9mi|0|abbr=unit|disp=x|
    (|)}}
  • Heliocentric: {{convert|1330.8|±|43.4|AU|e9km+e9mi|1|abbr=unit|disp=x|
    (|)}}

}}

| semimajor = {{plainlist|

  • Barycentric: {{convert|730|AU|e9km+e9mi|0|abbr=unit|disp=x|
    (|)}}
  • Heliocentric: {{convert|690.4|±|22.5|AU|e9km+e9mi|1|abbr=unit|disp=x|
    (|)}}

}}

| eccentricity = {{val|0.9274|0.0024}}

| period = {{plainlist|

  • Barycentric: {{val|19700|u=yr}}
  • Heliocentric: {{val|18142.4|886.5|u=yr}}

}}

| inclination = {{val|4.228|0.001|u=°}}

| asc_node = {{val|29.493|0.005|u=°}}

| mean_anomaly = {{val|359.292|0.034|u=°}}

| mean_motion = {{val|0.203|0.010|u=arcsec/day}}

| arg_peri = {{val|32.037|0.114|u=°}}

| abs_magnitude = {{val|6.7}}

| magnitude = 24.5 (V)
23.67 (peak 2055)

| mean_diameter = ≈{{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}}

| albedo = {{val|0.05|0.03}}

| spectral_type = moderately red

}}

{{mp|2013 SY|99}}, also known by its OSSOS survey designation uo3L91, is a trans-Neptunian object discovered on September 29, 2013 by the Outer Solar System Origins Survey using the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory. This object orbits the Sun between {{convert|50|and|1300|AU|e9km|sigfig=2|abbr=unit}}, and has a barycentric orbital period of nearly 20,000 years. It has the fourth largest semi-major axis for an orbit with perihelion beyond 38 AU. {{mp|2013 SY|99}} has one of highest perihelia of any known extreme trans-Neptunian object, behind sednoids including Sedna (76 AU), {{mpl|2012 VP|113}} (80 AU), and Leleākūhonua (65 AU).

Discovery

According to astronomers Mike Brown and Konstantin Batygin, the discovery of {{mp|2013 SY|99}} provides additional evidence for the existence of Planet Nine, but Michele Bannister (see {{MoMP|10463|10463}}), one of the astronomers who reported the discovery of this object, disputes this due to the orientation of the orbit.{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/plutokiller/status/713111892672143360 |title=the new one is uo3L91... |work=Twitter.com |first=Mike |last=Brown |date=24 March 2016}}

Its existence was announced in 2016, but the observations were kept private until 2017. It was listed at the Minor Planet Center and the JPL Small-Body Database on 6 April 2017 with a three-year observation arc and an epoch 2017 heliocentric orbital period of 17,500 years. Barycentric orbital solutions, however, are more stable for objects on multi-thousand year orbits, and the barycentric period for {{mp|2013 SY|99}} is 19,700 years.Heliocentric solutions are unstable due to the changing position of Jupiter over Jupiter's 12 year orbit which perturbs the eccentricity of the two-body solution of the Sun+asteroid. Barycentric solutions are more stable for objects that take thousands of years to orbit the Sun. Between epoch 2017 and epoch 2029, the heliocentric orbital period varies from a low of 17400 years "PR= {{val|6.364e6|u=days}} (epoch 2017-Nov-16)" to a high of 26100 years "PR= {{val|9.538e6|u=days}} (epoch 2023-Nov-16)".

As of April 2019, its perihelion distance of q={{val|50.029|0.056|u=AU}} and semi-major axis a={{val|690|22|u=AU}} make {{mp|2013 SY|99}} a possible sednoid, according to the most common definition of the term (q>{{val|50|u=AU}}, a>{{val|150|u=AU}}). It is listed as a sednoid by some. However, {{mp|2013 SY|99}} is usually considered to be an extreme trans-Neptunian object and not a sednoid, due to its high eccentricity which makes the heliocentric orbit unstable. In the heliocentric reference frame, the perihelion is currently rising, and the nominal orbit has a perihelion distance above {{val|50|u=AU}} only since October 2018.

{{mp|2013 SY|99}} is estimated to be about {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}} in diameter and moderately red in color. In 2052 it will be roughly {{convert|20.3|AU|e9km|abbr=unit}} from Neptune. It will come to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) around 2055 when it will be {{convert|50|AU|e9km|abbr=unit}} from the Sun.

See also

Notes

{{reflist|group=n}}

References

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite news |url=http://www.nature.com/news/astronomers-spot-distant-world-in-solar-system-s-far-reaches-1.20831 |title=Astronomers spot distant world in Solar System's far reaches |journal=Nature |first=Alexandra |last=Witze |doi=10.1038/nature.2016.20831 |date=18 October 2016}}

{{cite news |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/10/new-dwarf-planet-points-planet-nine |title=New icy world with 20,000-year orbit could point to Planet Nine |doi=10.1126/science.aal0270 |journal=Science |first=Adam |last=Mann |date=17 October 2016}}

{{cite web |url=http://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_by_properties?perihelion_distance_min=38&semimajor_axis_min=250 |title=Objects with q > 38 & a > 250 |work=Minor Planet Center |publisher=International Astronomical Union |accessdate=24 October 2016}}

{{cite conference |title=A new high-perihelion a ~ 700 AU object in the distant Solar System |conference=48th Meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences. 16–21 October 2016. Pasadena, California. |first1=Michele T. |last1=Bannister |first2=Ying-Tung |last2=Chen |first3=Marian |last3=Jakubik |display-authors=etal |id=113.08 |date=October 2016 |bibcode=2016DPS....4811308B}}

{{cite web|type=last observation: 4 November 2016; arc: 3.16 years |title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2013 SY99) |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2013SY99 |publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory |accessdate=15 October 2018 }}

{{cite web |author=Horizons output |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=2013SY99 |title=Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for 2013 SY99 |accessdate=6 April 2017}} (Ephemeris Type:Elements and Center:@0)

{{cite journal |last1=Bannister |first1=Michele |last2=Shankman |first2=Cory |last3=Volk |first3=Katherine |title=OSSOS: V. Diffusion in the orbit of a high-perihelion distant Solar System object |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=153 |issue=6 |pages=262 |year=2017 |arxiv=1704.01952|bibcode = 2017AJ....153..262B |doi = 10.3847/1538-3881/aa6db5 |s2cid=3502267 |doi-access=free }}

{{cite web |title=MPEC 2017-G55 : 2013 SY99 |publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center |date=6 April 2017 |url=http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K17/K17G55.html |accessdate=15 October 2018}} (K13S99Y)

{{cite journal |title=A New High Perihelion Inner Oort Cloud Object |author1=Scott Sheppard |author2=Chadwick Trujillo |author3=David Tholen |author4=Nathan Kaib |journal=The Astronomical Journal |arxiv=1810.00013|date=2 October 2018|volume=157 |issue=4 |page=139 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ab0895 |s2cid=119071596 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019AJ....157..139S }}

{{cite web |author=JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System| title=Ephemeris Type: ELEMENTS, Target Body: Asteroid (2013 SY99), Center: Sun (body center) [500@10], Time Span: Start=2018-10-01, Stop=2018-10-15, Step=1 d, Table Settings: defaults, Display/Output: default (formatted HTML)|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi|access-date=4 October 2018|author-link = JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System}}

{{cite web|url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html|date=7 October 2018|access-date=15 October 2018|title=List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects|author=Johnston, W. R.|publisher=Johnston's Archive}}

{{cite journal|display-authors = etal|last1 = Shankman |first1 = Cory|title = OSSOS. VI. Striking Biases in the Detection of Large Semimajor Axis Trans-Neptunian Objects|url = https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/ossos-vi-striking-biases-in-the-detection-of-large-semimajor-axis-transneptunian-objects(027b7a9c-a171-42b4-9449-9355b0a255d4).html|date = 2017|journal = The Astronomical Journal|volume = 154|issue = 2|page = 50|doi = 10.3847/1538-3881/aa7aed|arxiv = 1706.05348|bibcode = 2017AJ....154...50S|hdl=10150/625487|s2cid = 3535702 |doi-access = free }}

}}

External links

  • [http://www.ossos-survey.org/ OSSOS survey] by the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope
  • {{YouTube |id=_w9N6yABAW4 |title=Exploring the outer Solar System: now in vivid colour}} (18 March 2016); discovery of uo3L91 discussed at [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_w9N6yABAW4?t=28m13s 28:13]
  • {{JPL small body|id=3773829}}

{{2017 in space}}

{{Small Solar System bodies}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2013 SY99}}

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Category:Minor planet object articles (unnumbered)

20130929

Category:Discoveries by OSSOS

Category:Inner Oort cloud