2014 Nobel Prizes
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The 2014 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.{{Cite news |last=Owen |first=Paul |date=2014-10-13 |title=Nobel prizes 2014 – the winners |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/13/nobel-prizes-2014-the-winners |access-date=2024-12-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2014 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2014/award-video/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |date=2014-12-18 |title=Video - The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony 2014 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremony/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremony-2014-2014/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}
Prizes
= Physics =
| class="wikitable"
|+ ! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
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(1929–2021) | rowspan="2" |{{flagdeco|Japan}} Japanese | rowspan="3" |"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources" | rowspan="3" |{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2014 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2014/summary/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407181951/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2014/summary/ |archive-date=7 April 2024 |access-date=7 October 2014 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}} |
| 113x113px
(b. 1960) |
| 115x115px
(b. 1954) |{{flagdeco|Japan}} Japanese {{flagdeco|United States}} American |
= Chemistry =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 106x106px
(b. 1960) |{{flagdeco|United States}} American | rowspan="3" |"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy" |
| 105x105px
(b. 1962) {{flagdeco|Germany}} German |
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(b. 1953) |{{flagdeco|United States}} American |
= Physiology or Medicine =
= Literature =
{{Main page|2014 Nobel Prize in Literature}}
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Awardee(s) ! |
| 112x112px
(b. 1945) |{{flag|France}} |"for the art of memory with which he has evoked the most ungraspable human destinies and uncovered the life-world of the Occupation" |
= Peace =
= Economic Sciences =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 103x103px
(b. 1953) |{{flag|France}} |"for his analysis of market power and regulation" |
Controversies
= Physics =
Some questioned the award's lack of recognition for other scientists who helped pioneer light-emitting diodes such as Oleg Losev, Nick Holonyak, Gertrude Neumark.{{cite web |date=October 8, 2014 |title=Inventor of the red LED hits out at committee for 'overlooking' his seminal 1960s work |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/nobel-prize-2014-inventor-of-the-red-led-hits-out-at-committee-for-overlooking-his-seminal-1960s-9782948.html |access-date=October 16, 2016 |work=The Independent}}{{cite web |date=2010-10-25 |title=LED and Laser Diode Patent Holder Gertrude Neumark Rothschild Died |url=https://www.led-professional.com/business/reports/led-and-laser-diode-patent-holder-gertrude-neumark-rothschild-died |access-date=October 11, 2020}} In particular, it was mentioned that materials scientist Herbert Paul Maruska could be credited with first developing the blue LED.{{cite web |date=October 9, 2014 |title=Nobel Shocker: RCA Had the First Blue LED in 1972 |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/rcas-forgotten-work-on-the-blue-led |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707002502/http://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/geek-life/history/rcas-forgotten-work-on-the-blue-led |archive-date=7 July 2017 |access-date=2018-10-17 |website=IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News |language=en}}{{Cite news |date=October 16, 2014 |title=Oregon tech CEO says Nobel Prize in Physics overlooks the actual inventors |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2014/10/oregon_tech_ceo_says_nobel_pri.html |access-date=2018-10-17 |work=OregonLive.com |language=en-US}}