2019 Algerian presidential election
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Expand Arabic|topic=gov|date=November 2019}}
{{Expand French|date=November 2019|topic=gov}}
{{Infobox election
| country = Algeria
| type = presidential
| previous_election = 2014 Algerian presidential election
| previous_year = 2014
| previous_mps =
| election_date = {{Start date|2019|12|12|df=yes}}
| next_election = 2024 Algerian presidential election
| next_year = 2024
| registered = 24,464,161
| needed_votes =
| turnout = 39.88%
| image_size = 130x130px
| image1 = Абдельмаджид Теббун (06-11-2021).jpg
| colour1 = DD143C
| nominee1 = Abdelmadjid Tebboune
| party1 = Independent (FLN)
| popular_vote1 = 4,947,523
| percentage1 = 58.13%
| image2 =
| nominee2 = Abdelkader Bengrina
| party2 = National Construction Movement
| popular_vote2 = 1,477,836
| percentage2 = 17.37%
| image3 = Ali Benflis 2019.png
| nominee3 = Ali Benflis
| colour3 = 0E6333
| party3 = {{ill|Vanguard of Freedoms|fr|Avant-garde des libertés|lt=AGL}}
| popular_vote3 = 897,831
| percentage3 = 10.55%
| nominee4 = Azzedine Mihoubi
| image4 = عز الدين ميهوبي.jpg
| party4 = National Rally for Democracy (Algeria)
| popular_vote4 = 619,225
| percentage4 = 7.28%
| image5 = Bulletin de vote de Abdelaziz Belaïd 2014 (cropped).jpg
| percentage5 = 6.67%
| popular_vote5 = 568,000
| party5 = Future Front
| nominee5 = {{ill|Abdelaziz Belaïd|fr}}
| map_image = 2019 Algerian presidential election results by province.svg
| map_caption = Results by province
| title = President
| before_election = Abdelkader Bensalah {{small|(acting)}}
| before_party = Independent politician
| posttitle =
| after_election = Abdelmadjid Tebboune
| after_party = Independent politician
}}{{Politics of Algeria}}File:Algerian election poster march 2019.jpg
Presidential elections were held in Algeria on 12 December 2019.{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190915-algeria-presidential-election-fixed-december-12-says-bensalah-bouteflika|title=Algerian presidential election fixed for December 12, says interim president|work=France 24|date=16 September 2019|access-date=16 September 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929172229/https://www.france24.com/en/20190915-algeria-presidential-election-fixed-december-12-says-bensalah-bouteflika|url-status=live}} The election had originally been scheduled for 18 April, but was postponed due to sustained weekly protests against plans by the incumbent president Abdelaziz Bouteflika to run for a fifth term.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-47531917 Algerian president Abdelaziz Bouteflika drops bid for fifth term] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831102143/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-47531917 |date=31 August 2019 }} BBC News, 11 March 2019 Bouteflika resigned on 2 April and Abdelkader Bensalah was elected acting president by parliament a week later.[https://www.france24.com/en/20190703-algeria-interim-president-bensalah-talks-state-involvement Abdelkader Bensalah named Algeria's interim president] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917021917/https://www.france24.com/en/20190703-algeria-interim-president-bensalah-talks-state-involvement |date=17 September 2019 }} France24, 9 April 2019 On 10 April the election was rescheduled for 4 July.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/algeria-hold-elections-july-4-presidency-190410172027171.html|title=Algeria to hold elections on July 4: presidency|work=Al Jazeera|date=10 April 2019|access-date=10 April 2019|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412210519/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/algeria-hold-elections-july-4-presidency-190410172027171.html|url-status=live}} On 2 June the Constitutional Council postponed the elections again, citing a lack of candidates.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48490312|title=Algeria elections planned for 4 July 'impossible', authorities say|publisher=BBC News|date=2 June 2019|access-date=2 June 2019|archive-date=2 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602130212/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48490312|url-status=live}} A new electoral authority, Autorité nationale indépendante des élections (ANIE), was created in mid-September as an alternative to the existing {{ill|Haute instance indépendante de surveillance des élections|fr}} (HIISE) defined by the 2016 constitution. The election was rescheduled for 12 December 2019 and ANIE, of disputed constitutional validity, announced five valid candidates on 2 November. In their {{val|200000}} strong protest on 1 November, Algerian protestors rejected the 12 December election and called for a radical change in the system to take place first. The Forces of the Democratic Alternative (FDA) alliance and the Justice and Development Front also called for boycotting the 12 December election, and the FDA called for creating a constituent assembly.
Electoral system
The President of Algeria is elected using the two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a second round will be held.[http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2456/ People's Democratic Republic of Algeria: Election for President] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705100017/http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2456/ |date=5 July 2018 }} IFES
=Electoral bodies=
The Algerian Constitution of 2016 created the {{ill|Haute instance indépendante de surveillance des élections|fr}} (HIISE) to have overall responsibility for organising elections. For the third attempt to organise the 2019 presidential election, the Algerian lower and upper houses of parliament created the Independent National Elections Authority (ANIE). Lawyer Faïz Moussi and constitutional expert Ahmed Betatache described the procedures for creating ANIE as rushed and unconstitutional. Fouad Makhlouf, secretary-general of HIISE, had stated earlier, in April 2019, that the replacement of HIISE's role by an alternative electoral body would be unconstitutional.
Background
=Early 2019 protests and internet censorship=
{{Main|2019 Algerian protests}}
Plans for a presidential election in Algeria in 2019 were a major factor motivating the start of the 2019 Algerian protests, with protestors objecting to the reelection of Abdelaziz Bouteflika.
On 22 February 2019, protests took place in Algiers, Oran, Sétif, Annaba and other Algerian cities over Bouteflika's bid to continue for a fifth term.{{cite web |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/algeria-rocked-mass-protest-against-bouteflika-re-election-bid |title=Algeria rocked by mass protest against Bouteflika re-election bid |work=Middle East Eye |date=22 February 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |archive-date=25 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225223801/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/algeria-rocked-mass-protest-against-bouteflika-re-election-bid |url-status=live }}{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-algeria-protests/algerian-police-use-tear-gas-as-rare-anti-government-protests-enter-third-day-idUSKCN1QD0IO |title=Algerian police use tear gas as rare anti-government protests enter third day |work=Reuters |date=24 February 2019 |access-date=25 February 2019 |archive-date=25 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225105312/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-algeria-protests/algerian-police-use-tear-gas-as-rare-anti-government-protests-enter-third-day-idUSKCN1QD0IO |url-status=live }} Algerians reported difficulty accessing online services and the NetBlocks internet observatory published technical evidence of multiple targeted internet disruptions at demonstration flashpoints in Tizi Ouzou and around Algiers.{{Cite web|url=https://netblocks.org/reports/algeria-internet-disruptions-amid-mass-demonstrations-WJBZjMB6|title=Multiple targeted internet disruptions in Algeria amid mass-demonstrations|date=22 February 2019|website=NetBlocks|language=en-US|access-date=25 February 2019|archive-date=25 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225224021/https://netblocks.org/reports/algeria-internet-disruptions-amid-mass-demonstrations-WJBZjMB6|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/africa/1557984/algerians-are-protesting-president-bouteflika-fifth-term-bid/|title=Algerians have been out in force against their president's bid for a fifth term|first=Farid Y.|last=Farid|website=Quartz Africa|language=en|access-date=11 March 2019|date=11 March 2019|archive-date=26 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226045752/https://qz.com/africa/1557984/algerians-are-protesting-president-bouteflika-fifth-term-bid/|url-status=live}}
Candidates
Bensalah is not eligible to participate in the presidential election.{{cite web|title=Algerian Constitutional Council declares presidency vacant|url=http://tass.com/world/1051951|date=3 April 2019|access-date=4 April 2019|publisher=TASS|archive-date=4 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404104851/http://tass.com/world/1051951|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Abdelkader Bensalah, un fidèle de Bouteflika qui va assurer l'intérim en Algérie|newspaper=Le Monde|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/04/03/demission-de-bouteflika-en-algerie-qui-est-abdelkader-bensalah-qui-assure-l-interim_5445350_3212.html|date=4 April 2019|access-date=4 April 2019|language=fr|archive-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403233350/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/04/03/demission-de-bouteflika-en-algerie-qui-est-abdelkader-bensalah-qui-assure-l-interim_5445350_3212.html|url-status=live}}
=18 April 2019 cancelled election=
On 3 March 2019, a day after his 82nd birthday and while undergoing medical tests in Switzerland, President Abdelaziz Bouteflika formally submitted his candidacy, but said in a statement read on state TV that he would not serve a full term if re-elected. Instead, he promised to organise a national conference and set a date for an early election which he would not participate in. The announcement followed weeks of protests against his plan to seek a fifth term in office.{{cite web|title=In face of protests, Algeria leader vows to quit early if re-elected|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/algerians-protest-bouteflika-bid-fifth-term-deadline-looms-115740103.html|publisher=AFP|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306045342/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/algerians-protest-bouteflika-bid-fifth-term-deadline-looms-115740103.html|url-status=dead}} A week later, on 11 March 2019, Bouteflika withdrew from the race and postponed the election.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47531917|title=Algeria president drops bid for fifth term|date=11 March 2019|access-date=11 March 2019|language=en-GB|work=BBC|archive-date=12 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312002005/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47531917|url-status=live}}
On 1 November 2018, journalist {{ill|Ghani Mahdi|ar|غاني مهدي}} announced that he would be a candidate in the election.{{cite web |title=HOME PAGE,البرنامج-الرئأسي |url=http://ghanimahdi.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A/ |website=ghani mahdi |language=ar |access-date=14 November 2018 |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111182301/https://ghanimahdi.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a6%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%8a/ |url-status=live }}
On 4 April 2019, Ali Ghediri, a former director of human resources at the Ministry of Defense, announced his candidacy.{{cite web|title=Ali Ghediri premier candidat déclaré à la prochaine présidentielle|url=https://www.algeriepatriotique.com/2019/04/04/ali-ghediri-premier-candidat-declare-a-la-prochaine-presidentielle/|website=Algérie Patriotique|access-date=10 April 2019|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410205514/https://www.algeriepatriotique.com/2019/04/04/ali-ghediri-premier-candidat-declare-a-la-prochaine-presidentielle/|url-status=live}}
=4 July 2019 cancelled election=
The 4 July 2019 election had two candidates who applied: Abdelhakim Hamadi from Jijel, born 23 August 1965, who trained as a vet, worked in the state sector and became a businessman; and Hamid Touahri, an aeronautical mechanical engineer who worked in medical sales and construction and managed an audiovisual production firm. Both candidates' applications were lodged on 25 May, and later rejected by the Constitutional Council, which cancelled the election due to what it called the "impossibility" of organising the election.
=12 December 2019 election=
Potential candidates Ahmed Gaid Salah and Noureddine Bedoui won't run.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}{{clarify|reason=boycott or ineligibility?|date=November 2019}} Former prime minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem was expected to be a candidate. The Tajamou Amel El-Djazaïr former minister Amar Ghoul (in prison at the time) announced his participation in the vote.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}
145 people picked up their application forms, including:
- Ali Benflis, former head of government;
- Abdelaziz Belaid, president of the El Moustakbal Front;
- Aissa Belhadi, president of the Front of Good Governance;
- Abdelkader Bengrina, president of the El-Bina Movement;
- Ali Zeghdoud, president of the Algerian Rally party;
- Mourad Arroudj, president of Errafah;
- Belkacem Sahli, president of the Republican National Alliance;
- Abdelmadjid Tebboune, former Prime Minister;
- Rabah Bencherif;
- Azzedine Mihoubi, former Minister of Culture;
- Rabah Bencherif;
- Souleymen Bakhlili, journalist;
- Ahmed Ben Nâamane, writer;
- Abderrahmane Arrar, coordinator of the Civil Force for Change.
==Candidates submitting nominations==
This list includes all the candidates who have deposited their candidacy file with the Independent National Elections Authority:
== Final candidates ==
The list below is the final list of candidates for the presidentials of 12 December 2019, after the Constitutional Council rejected all the appeals submitted for failure to establish and not to fulfill the essential requirements contained in Articles 139 and 142 of the Organic Law related to the electoral system, amended and supplemented. The candidates whose appeals were rejected (09) are: Belkacem Sahili, Ali Skouri, Abdel Hakim Hammadi, Noui Kharchi, Muhammad Dhaif, Abdelhakim Hamadi, Mohammed BouAouina, Fares Mesdour, Raouf Ayeb.{{Cite web| url = http://elkhabar.com/press/article/159587/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%86/| title = المجلس الدستوري يكشف عن القائمة النهائية للمترشحين| trans-title = The Constitutional Council reveals the final list of candidates| website = elkhabar.com| language = ar| access-date = 2019-11-09| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191216215714/https://www.elkhabar.com/press/article/159587/المجلس-الدستوري-يكشف-عن-القائمة-النهائية-للمترشحين/ | archive-date = 16 December 2019}}{{Cite web| url = http://radioalgerie.dz/news/ar/article/20191109/184049.html| title = المجلس الدستوري يرفض جميع الطعون ويبقي على قائمة السلطة الوطنية للانتخابات {{!}} الإذاعة الجزائرية| trans-title = The Constitutional Council rejects all appeals and maintains the National Election Authority list| website = radioalgerie.dz| language = ar| access-date = 2019-11-09| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191110153952/http://www.radioalgerie.dz/news/ar/article/20191109/184049.html | archive-date = 10 November 2019}}
Al Jazeera English described the five candidates as "all part of the political establishment", whose departure from power is one of the main aims of the 2019 Algerian protests. Thomson Reuters described the candidates as "men on the ballot [who] all have close links with the establishment, and though some of them pushed for reforms, many still see them as part of an entrenched, unchanging elite."
Election schedule
The timetable for the presidential elections, and the following is an illustrative schedule for the dates and procedures for the presidential elections, 12 December 2019:
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ !Number !Legal action !Date |
| 1
|Date of calling the electoral commission to elect the President of the Republic |15 September 2019 |
| 2
|Extraordinary review of the electoral lists |22 September 2019 – |
| 3
|Submit objections to registration or cancellation |7 October 2019 – |
| 4
|Periodic review of the electoral lists |12 October 2019 – |
| 5
|Deposit the candidacy declaration |17 October 2019 – |
| 6
|Set up voting agencies |1 October 2019 – |
| 7
|Publish the list of voting office members and additional members |27 October 2019 – |
| 8
|Delivering the list of voting office members and additional members to the legally qualified representatives of the candidates at their request |27 October 2019 – |
| 9
|The start and end date of the election campaign |17 November 2019 – |
| 10
|Preventing the publication, broadcasting and probing of opinions, exploring the intentions of voters in voting, and measuring the popularity of candidates at the national level |9 December 2019 – |
| 11
|Preventing the publication, broadcasting and probing of opinions and exploring the voters ’intentions to vote and measuring the popularity of the candidates in relation to the community residing abroad |7 December 2019 – |
| 12
|Election date and time |12 December 2019 |
| 13
|To object to the validity of the voting operations |12 December 2019 |
| 14
|The announcement of the final results of the presidential elections by the Constitutional Council |16 December 2019 – |
| colspan="3" |Second round case |
|---|
| 15
|The start and end date of the election campaign for the second round |Begins twelve days before and ends two days before the polling date |
| 16
|The date of the second round of the Election |31 December 2019 – |
Boycott
=Protestors=
In the weekly protests that continued the early 2019 protests that led to Bouteflika dropping his candidacy for the initially scheduled election and resigning from the presidency, twenty thousand protestors called for the 12 December election to be boycotted on the grounds that the system of people in power under Bouteflika remained in place. In the 1 November 2019 demonstration of two hundred thousand demonstrators, on the 37th Friday weekly protest, demonstrators called for all members of the system of power in place to be dismissed and for a radical change in the political system. They rejected the 12 December election, with slogans describing it as "an election with the gangs" and as an "election organised by a corrupt power [which] is a trap for idiots"
=Prominent individuals and organisations=
Former prime minister Ahmed Benbitour, former minister Abdelaziz Rahabi, Ali Fawzi Rebaine, Mohamed Said and Rachid Nekkaz, announced that they are not candidates because of the political climate.{{citation needed|date=October 2019}}
On 28 September, Abdallah Djaballah, president of the Justice and Development Front, announced that his party will not take part in the elections. This was followed by the Society for Peace Movement, which made a similar decision for the same reasons.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}
The Forces of the Democratic Alternative, a coalition including the Socialist Forces Front (FFS), the Rally for Culture and Democracy (RCD), the Workers' Party (PT), the Socialist Workers Party (PST), the Union for Change and Progress (UCP), the Democratic and Social Movement (MDS), the Party for Secularism and Democracy (PLD) and the Algerian League for the Defense of Human Rights (LADDH), announced their refusal to participate in the vote.
=Mayors=
In September, 56 mayors in Kabylie stated that they would refuse to organise the practical aspects of the 12 December election in their municipalities and would do everything in their power to prevent the election taking place.
Results
Preliminary results showed that former Prime Minister and Minister of Housing Abdelmadjid Tebboune won the election in the first round, leading his nearest opponent (Abdelkader Bengrina of the Islamist El Binaa party) by over 40% of the valid votes. The official estimate of the turnout of just under 40% of eligible voters was the lowest of any Algerian presidential election held since independence, primarily due to boycotts by citizens and political parties alike. The Rally for Culture and Democracy estimated the turnout five times lower, at 8%. The low turnout, as well as the relatively high number of spoiled ballots out of those who did participate, was seen as a continuation of the pro-democracy protests that preceded the resignation of Abdelaziz Bouteflika, as all approved candidates in the election were seen as members of the political establishment.
|cand1=Abdelmadjid Tebboune|party1=Independent|votes1=4947523
|cand2=Abdelkader Bengrina|party2=National Construction Movement|votes2=1477836
|cand3=Ali Benflis|party3={{ill|Vanguard of Freedoms|fr|Avant-garde des libertés}}|votes3=897831|color3=#0E6333
|cand4=Azzedine Mihoubi|party4=Democratic National Rally|votes4=619225
|cand5={{ill|Abdelaziz Belaïd|fr}}|party5=Future Front|votes5=568000
|invalid=1244925
|electorate=24464161
|source=[https://www.joradp.dz/FTP/JO-ARABE/2019/A2019078.pdf Journal Officiel Algérie]
}}
References
{{reflist|refs=
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{{cite news | last1= Djouadi | first1=Farouk | title= Marche du 1er novembre à Alger : l'incroyable force de la révolution pacifique |trans-title = | date= 2019-11-01 |newspaper= El Watan | url= https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/marche-du-1er-novembre-a-alger-lincroyable-force-de-la-revolution-pacifique-01-11-2019 |access-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191102201906/https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/marche-du-1er-novembre-a-alger-lincroyable-force-de-la-revolution-pacifique-01-11-2019 |archive-date= 2019-11-02 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | title=Algerians protest election plan, mark independence war |trans-title = | date=2019-11-01 |newspaper= Al Jazeera English | url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/algerians-protest-election-plan-mark-independence-war-191101114315912.html |access-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102224741/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/algerians-protest-election-plan-mark-independence-war-191101114315912.html |archive-date= 2019-11-02 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | last1= Zahir | first1=Boukhelifa | language =fr | title= Kabylie, vers un boycott massif des élections du 12 décembre |trans-title = Kabylie, twoards a massive boycott of the 12 December election | date= 2019-09-24 |newspaper= Kab News | url= https://kab-news.com/kabylie-vers-un-boycott-massif-des-elections-du-12-decembre/ |access-date=2019-11-03 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191102231750/https://kab-news.com/kabylie-vers-un-boycott-massif-des-elections-du-12-decembre/ |archive-date= 2019-11-02 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | last1= Ouarabi | first1=Mokrane Ait | language =fr | title= Présidentielle du 12 décembre : Le front du boycott s'élargit |trans-title = 12 December presidential election: the boycott front widens | date= 2019-09-30 |newspaper= El Watan | url= https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/presidentielle-du-12-decembre-le-front-du-boycott-selargit-30-09-2019 |access-date=2019-11-02 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191102232927/https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/presidentielle-du-12-decembre-le-front-du-boycott-selargit-30-09-2019 |archive-date= 2019-11-02 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | last1 =Lamriben | first1 =Hocine | title= Réunies hier au siège du RCD : Les Forces de l'Alternative démocratique rejettent "l'agenda de la présidentielle" |trans-title = | newspaper = El Watan |date =2019-09-10 | url = https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/reunies-hier-au-siege-du-rcd-les-forces-de-lalternative-democratique-rejettent-lagenda-de-la-presidentielle-10-09-2019 | access-date = 2019-11-03 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191103000314/https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/reunies-hier-au-siege-du-rcd-les-forces-de-lalternative-democratique-rejettent-lagenda-de-la-presidentielle-10-09-2019 |archive-date= 2019-11-03 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | title= Algeria presidential election: Five candidates announced |trans-title = | date= 2019-11-03 |newspaper= Al Jazeera English | url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/algeria-presidential-election-candidates-announced-191103064535822.html |access-date=2019-11-03 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191103171306/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/algeria-presidential-election-candidates-announced-191103064535822.html |archive-date= 2019-11-03 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | last1= Ouarabi | first1= Mokrane Ait | language =fr | title= PLD : "Cette présidentielle ne garantit pas le départ du système" |trans-title = This presidential election doesn't guarantee that the removal of the system | date= 2019-11-04 |newspaper= El Watan | url= https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/pld-cette-presidentielle-ne-garantit-pas-le-depart-du-systeme-04-11-2019 |access-date=2019-11-05 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191105020905/https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/pld-cette-presidentielle-ne-garantit-pas-le-depart-du-systeme-04-11-2019 |archive-date= 2019-11-05 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | last1= Chikhi | first1= Lamine | title= Algerian protesters attack 'garbage' presidential campaign |trans-title = | date= 2019-11-17 |agency= Thomson Reuters | url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-algeria-election-campaign/algerian-protesters-attack-garbage-presidential-campaign-idUSKBN1XR0HS |access-date=2019-11-17 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191117183442/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-algeria-election-campaign/algerian-protesters-attack-garbage-presidential-campaign-idUSKBN1XR0HS |archive-date= 2019-11-17 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | last1 =Hammadi | first1 =Souhila | language = fr | title= Lois organiques encadrant les élections – Bâclage des procédures et violation de la Constitution |trans-title = Basic laws defining elections – Rushed procedures and violation of the constitution | newspaper= Liberté (Algeria) |date =2019-09-16 | url = https://www.liberte-algerie.com/actualite/baclage-des-procedures-et-violation-de-la-constitution-323995 | access-date = 2019-12-04 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191204222331/https://www.liberte-algerie.com/actualite/baclage-des-procedures-et-violation-de-la-constitution-323995 |archive-date= 2019-12-04 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | last1= Abdeladim | first1= Farid | language = fr | title= Fouad Makhlouf, SG de la Hiise " La création d'une instance d'organisation des élections est illégale " |trans-title = Fouad Makhlouf, Secretary-General of HIISE, "The creation of an electoral body for organising elections is illegal" | date= 2019-04-11 |newspaper= Liberté (Algeria) | url= https://www.liberte-algerie.com/actualite/la-creation-dune-instance-dorganisation-des-elections-est-illegale-313625 |access-date=2019-12-04 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191204222224/https://www.liberte-algerie.com/actualite/la-creation-dune-instance-dorganisation-des-elections-est-illegale-313625 |archive-date= 2019-12-04 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | language = fr | title= Le RCD s'offusque du comportement du pouvoir : "Le taux de participation réel à la présidentielle n'a pas dépassé les 8%" |trans-title = RCD vexed by the authorities' behaviour: "The real participation rate in the presidential election was no more than 8%" | date= 2019-12-15 |newspaper= El Watan | url= https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/le-rcd-soffusque-du-comportement-du-pouvoir-le-taux-de-participation-reel-a-la-presidentielle-na-pas-depasse-les-8-15-12-2019 |access-date=2019-12-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191216031221/https://www.elwatan.com/edition/actualite/le-rcd-soffusque-du-comportement-du-pouvoir-le-taux-de-participation-reel-a-la-presidentielle-na-pas-depasse-les-8-15-12-2019 |archive-date= 2019-12-16 |url-status=live }}
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{{Algerian elections}}
Category:2019–2021 Algerian protests