2019 Bolivian protests

File:2016 Bolivian constitutional referendum bar plot.svg

{{main|2016 Bolivian constitutional referendum}}

Article 168 of the 2009 constitution allowed the president and vice-president to be re-elected only once, limiting the number of terms to two. The governing party, the Movement for Socialism (MAS) sponsored an effort to amend this article. The referendum was authorized by a joint session of the Plurinational Legislative Assembly on 26 September 2015, by a vote of 112 to 41.{{cite web|url=http://www.vicepresidencia.gob.bo/La-ALP-sanciono-la-Ley-de-Reforma-parcial-de-la-CPE|title=La ALP sancionó la Ley de Reforma parcial de la CPE|trans-title=The ALP sanctioned the Law of Partial Reform of the CPE|publisher=Vice Presidency of Bolivia|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151226052237/http://www.vicepresidencia.gob.bo/La-ALP-sanciono-la-Ley-de-Reforma-parcial-de-la-CPE |archive-date=26 December 2015 }}{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-presidency-idUSKCN0RQ0SL20150926|title=Bolivia passes law to allow Morales to run for fourth term|work=Reuters|date=25 September 2015|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031042320/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/09/26/us-bolivia-presidency-idUSKCN0RQ0SL20150926|archive-date=31 October 2015|url-status=live}} Law 757, which convened the February referendum, passed by 113 votes to 43 and was promulgated on 5 November 2015.

The referendum marked the rise of anti-Morales sentiment in Bolivia.{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/could-bolivias-current-politics-be-fueling-indigenous-discrimination|title=Could Bolivia's current politics be fueling indigenous discrimination?|date=25 November 2019|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us|access-date=3 December 2019}} The vote was held on 21 February 2016 and the proposed amendment was rejected by 51.3% to 48.7%. A successful "yes" vote would have allowed President Evo Morales and Vice President Álvaro García Linera to run for another term in office in 2019. Morales had already been elected three times. The first time, in 2006, is not counted, as it was before the two-term limit was introduced by the 2009 constitution.{{cite web|url=http://la-razon.com/nacional/Referendum_constitucional-consulta-habilitar-Evo-marcha-MAS-juega_0_2376362395.html|title=Consulta para habilitar a Evo está en marcha; El MAS 'se juega la vida|trans-title=Query to enable Evo is underway; The MAS's 'life is at stake'|newspaper=La Razón|language=es|date=6 November 2015|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018185948/http://la-razon.com/nacional/Referendum_constitucional-consulta-habilitar-Evo-marcha-MAS-juega_0_2376362395.html|archive-date=18 October 2019|url-status=dead}}

Despite the referendum result, the Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal overruled the constitution by deferring to Article 23 of the American Convention on Human Rights, which promotes the human right to participate in government. The court ruled a little over one year after the referendum in December 2017 that all public offices would have no term limits, thus allowing Morales to run for a fourth term.{{cite news|last1=Blair|first1=Laurence|title=Evo for ever? Bolivia scraps term limits as critics blast 'coup' to keep Morales in power|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/03/evo-morales-bolivia-president-election-limits|access-date=1 January 2018|work=The Guardian|date=3 December 2017|quote=This week, the country’s highest court overruled the constitution, scrapping term limits altogether for every office. Morales can now run for a fourth term in 2019 – and for every election thereafter. ... the referendum results – which the government claims were invalid due to an opposition smear campaign directed by Washington ...|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101135426/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/03/evo-morales-bolivia-president-election-limits|archive-date=1 January 2018|url-status=live}}

The removal of term limits proved controversial among Bolivians,{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-election-explainer-idUSKBN1XK0EC|title=How did Bolivia end up in democratic crisis?|date=10 November 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=1 December 2019|language=en}} including Morales' supporters,{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5727991/clashes-bolivia/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114070533/https://time.com/5727991/clashes-bolivia/|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 November 2019|title=Clashes Rock Bolivia as its New Interim Leader is Challenged|date=14 November 2019|magazine=Time|language=en|access-date=1 December 2019}} with some losing trust in Morales for overturning a referendum. John Walsh, Andes Director of the Washington Office on Latin America, stated that "The court’s decision, which was very much in favor of MAS, added to the tensions and distrust leading into this election" and that for Morales, it was "also just hard to be in power for that long and not lose popularity". Mark L. Schneider of the Center for Strategic and International Studies summarized that there was "no question that there was a successful impact on raising the standard of living of the poor" under Morales, but that "problems in Bolivia arose, unfortunately, from the same problems that you see in Nicaragua and Venezuela, in Honduras and elsewhere where individuals decide that it's more important to stay in power than to follow democratic norms and the rule of law".{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/11/26/781199250/how-evo-morales-made-bolivia-a-better-place-before-he-was-forced-to-flee|title=How Evo Morales Made Bolivia A Better Place ... Before He Fled The Country|date=26 November 2019|website=NPR|language=en|access-date=29 November 2019}}

{{main|2019 Bolivian general election}}

Heading into the elections, some voters distrusted Bolivia's voting system, suspecting fraud after Morales and his supporters disregarded the results of the 2016 referendum. Bolivia's Plurinational Electoral Body and the private company in charge of the preliminary vote count ad announced eleven days before the election, on 9 October, that only approximately 80% of the preliminary results would be released.{{Cite web|url=http://www.la-razon.com/index.php?_url=/nacional/animal_electoral/elecciones-bolivia-tse-trep-votacion-votacion-resultados-80_0_3236076395.html|title=A dos horas del cierre de la jornada electoral, el TSE publicará 80% de los resultados preliminares - La Razón|website=www.la-razon.com}} On 20 October 2019, the first round of voting for all government positions was held. The Supreme Electoral Tribunal released two sets of counts shortly after the vote was closed. First was an exit poll that verified 95.6% of votes that showed incumbent President of Bolivia Evo Morales as having 9.33 percentage points over his main opposition and former president, Carlos Mesa. Leading by less than 10 percentage points indicates the vote must continue to a second run-off round. The complete count then appeared as provisional results on a website with routine live updates. At the point of 83.8% of votes in the complete count having been verified, the website showed Morales at 45.3% and Mesa at 38.2%; this also reflected a less than ten-point lead. However, no further updates to the preliminary results were made after 7:40 pm local time (UTC−4). The electoral authorities explained that updates to the preliminary count had been halted because the official results were beginning to be released; nevertheless, no official results were published overnight.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50119655|title=Bolivia elections: Concern as results transmission pauses|date=21 October 2019|work=BBC News|access-date=23 October 2019|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023200238/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50119655|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}

At 9:25 pm, as the vote counting was still underway, President Morales declared himself the winner of the elections, stating that while he would wait for final scrutiny of the results, the outstanding vote from rural areas would guarantee his victory; he did not mention the possibility of a runoff.{{cite web|title=Evo Morales: "Ganamos una vez más, vamos a esperar al último escrutinio y confiamos en el voto del campo"|trans-title=Evo Morales: "We won once again, we are going to wait for the last scrutiny and trust the vote of the countryside"|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2019/10/21/evo-morales-ganamos-una-vez-mas-vamos-a-esperar-al-ultimo-escrutinio-y-confiamos-en-el-voto-del-campo/|website=Infobae|language=es|date=20 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021220024/https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2019/10/21/evo-morales-ganamos-una-vez-mas-vamos-a-esperar-al-ultimo-escrutinio-y-confiamos-en-el-voto-del-campo/|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Evo Morales: "Nuevamente somos mayoría absoluta"|trans-title=Evo Morales: "Again we are an absolute majority"|url=https://www.unitel.tv/noticias/evo-morales-nuevamente-somos-mayoria-absoluta/|publisher=UNITEL|language=es|date=20 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022095940/https://www.unitel.tv/noticias/evo-morales-nuevamente-somos-mayoria-absoluta/|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}} Most of the remaining votes, from remote rural areas, were expected to go in Morales's favour, although the Organization of American States (OAS) recommended a runoff be held even if Morales's lead exceeded 10 points. Manuel González, head of the OAS election observation team in Bolivia, said that "In the case that [...] the margin of difference exceeds 10%, it is statistically reasonable to conclude that it will be by negligible margin" and that "given the context and the problematic issues in this electoral process the best option continues to be the convening of a second round." International observers expressed concern over the unexplained daylong gap in the reporting of results, which was followed by a surge in Morales votes when the count resumed.{{cite web|title=Evo Morales alleges coup attempt as Bolivia opposition claims 'giant fraud'|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/23/bolivia-evo-morales-coup-accusation-opposition-foreign-powers|date=23 October 2019|access-date=27 October 2019|quotation=With most outstanding votes from remote rural areas expected to go in his favour, Morales repeated his declaration of a first-round victory, which he had made prematurely on Sunday night.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026220708/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/23/bolivia-evo-morales-coup-accusation-opposition-foreign-powers|archive-date=26 October 2019|url-status=live}} Félix Patzi, the presidential candidate for the Movimiento Tercer Sistema, alleged that following the unexplained 24-hour pause in the vote count on the day of the election, votes for his party had been changed to votes for the MAS.{{cite web |date=23 October 2019 |title=Patzi denuncia que sus votos pasaron al MAS |url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/23/patzi-denuncia-que-sus-votos-pasaron-al-mas-235287.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025031946/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/23/patzi-denuncia-que-sus-votos-pasaron-al-mas-235287.html |archive-date=25 October 2019 |access-date=25 October 2019 |work=Página Siete}}

On 21 October 2019, a press conference of the Plurinational Electoral Organ was held, which published data of the rapid count of the system of Transmisión de Resultados Electorales Preliminares (TREP, "Transmission of Preliminary Electoral Results"), published at 7:30 pm, almost a whole day after being initially suspended,{{cite web|title=Conteo del TREP desatan protestas y convulsión en el pais|trans-title=TREP count triggers protests and convulsion in the country|url=https://www.reduno.com.bo/nota/conteo-del-trep-desatan-protestas-y-convulsion-en-el-pais-2019102244723|work=Red Uno de Bolivia|language=es|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022095936/https://www.reduno.com.bo/nota/conteo-del-trep-desatan-protestas-y-convulsion-en-el-pais-2019102244723|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}} stating that with 95.30 percent of the votes verified, Morales's MAS obtained 46.86% of the votes over the 36.72% of Mesa's Civic Community, surpassing the 10 percentage points needed to avoid a second run-off round and as such Morales would remain in power for a fourth term.

On 6 November, the Bolivian opposition published a 190-page-long report containing fraud accusations, including irregularities such as mistaken electoral acts additions, data wiping and electoral acts where the ruling party obtained more votes than registered voters, expecting to send it to international organizations such as the OAS and the United Nations.{{cite news |title=Oposición presenta pruebas de sus acusaciones de fraude electoral en Bolivia |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20191107/471437362742/oposicion-presenta-pruebas-de-sus-acusaciones-de-fraude-electoral-en-bolivia.html |agency=La Vanguardia |date=7 November 2019 |language=es |access-date=7 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107233838/https://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20191107/471437362742/oposicion-presenta-pruebas-de-sus-acusaciones-de-fraude-electoral-en-bolivia.html |archive-date=7 November 2019 |url-status=live }}

File:Bolivia protests 2019 7.png

On the day following the election, protests erupted in cities across Bolivia, several of which became violent. In La Paz, a clash between opponents and supporters of Morales and police took place; opposition groups were attacked with tear gas by the police.{{cite web|url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/21/se-registran-enfrentamientos-entre-militantes-del-mas-de-cc-en-la-sede-de-computo-235085.html|title=Se registran enfrentamientos entre militantes del MAS y de CC en la sede de cómputo|trans-title=Clashes between MAS and CC militants take place at computing headquarters|access-date=22 October 2019|date=21 October 2019|website=Página Siete|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022054809/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/21/se-registran-enfrentamientos-entre-militantes-del-mas-de-cc-en-la-sede-de-computo-235085.html|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}} In Riberalta, protesters toppled a statue of Hugo Chávez, an ally of Evo Morales, and left its head in front of the mayor's home.{{cite web|title=El polémico monumento a Hugo Chávez que fue derribado en Riberalta|trans-title=The controversial monument to Hugo Chávez that was demolished in Riberalta|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191022/polemico-monumento-hugo-chavez-que-fue-derribado-riberalta|website=Los Tiempos|language=es|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022231257/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191022/polemico-monumento-hugo-chavez-que-fue-derribado-riberalta|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}} The mayor of Cobija, Luis Gatty Ribeiro, and the governor of Pando, Luis Adolfo Flores, were attacked by protesters, with Flores being hospitalized.{{cite web|last1=Suárez Ramírez|first1=Marcelo|title=Alcalde de Cobija y Gobernador de Pando sufren ataques a sus domicilios|trans-title=Mayor of Cobija and Governor of Pando suffer attacks on their homes|url=https://eldeber.com.bo/154247_alcalde-de-cobija-y-gobernador-de-pando-sufren-ataques-a-sus-domicilios|website=El Deber|language=es|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022231158/https://eldeber.com.bo/154247_alcalde-de-cobija-y-gobernador-de-pando-sufren-ataques-a-sus-domicilios|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}} In Oruro, a MAS tent and a Public Ministry vehicle were destroyed.{{cite web|title=Caos en Oruro por resultados adelantados|trans-title=Chaos in Oruro for advanced results|url=https://www.lapatriaenlinea.com/?t=caos-en-oruro-por-resultados-adelantados¬a=1003464|website=La Patria|language=es|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101212137/https://www.lapatriaenlinea.com/?t=caos-en-oruro-por-resultados-adelantados¬a=1003464|archive-date=1 November 2019|url-status=usurped}} The Ponchos Rojos, an indigenous organization and militia, announced that it would hold marches in support of Morales. It also warned it might resort to roadblocks in La Paz and would respond to attacks with chicotes (whips) and other weapons.{{cite web|title=Ponchos rojos amenazan con armas y chicotes para defender a Evo|trans-title=Ponchos rojos threaten with weapons and whips to defend Evo|url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/22/ponchos-rojos-amenazan-con-armas-chicotes-para-defender-evo-235172.html|website=Página Siete|language=es|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022231159/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/22/ponchos-rojos-amenazan-con-armas-chicotes-para-defender-evo-235172.html|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}} In Sucre, a group of female police officers marched in the city's central square, calling for calm and demanding that the government refrain from police violence and respect the people's will.{{cite web |title=Sucre: Mujeres policías marchan y piden calma |trans-title=Sucre: Policewomen march and ask for calm |url=https://correodelsur.com/politica/20191021_sucre-mujeres-policias-marchan-y-piden-calma.html |website=Correo del Sur |language=es |date=21 October 2019 |access-date=22 October 2019 |location=Sucre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022103440/https://correodelsur.com/politica/20191021_sucre-mujeres-policias-marchan-y-piden-calma.html |archive-date=22 October 2019 |url-status=live}}

In Sucre, Potosí and Tarija, several ballot boxes and election-related buildings were set on fire, including the campaign headquarters of MAS and the offices of an indigenous workers organization.{{cite web|title=Incendian el TED y casa de campaña del MAS en Sucre|trans-title=TED and MAS campaign house set on fire in Sucre|url=https://correodelsur.com/politica/20191021_incendian-el-ted-y-casa-de-campana-del-mas-en-sucre.html|website=Correo del Sur|language=es|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022103442/https://correodelsur.com/politica/20191021_incendian-el-ted-y-casa-de-campana-del-mas-en-sucre.html|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}} In Potosí, the electoral court was set on fire, along with several hotels being used as vote counting centers.{{cite web|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191021/policias-llegan-potosi-persiste-vigilia-ted|title=Policías llegan a Potosí y persiste la vigilia en el TED|trans-title=Police arrive in Potosí and vigil persists in the TED|access-date=22 October 2019|date=21 October 2019|work=Los Tiempos|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021210854/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191021/policias-llegan-potosi-persiste-vigilia-ted|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}} Four departmental electoral tribunals suspended their vote counts due to protests occurring outside.{{cite web |url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/21/suspenden-el-conteo-de-votos-en-cuatro-departamentos-por-manifestaciones-235127.html |title=Suspenden el conteo de votos en cuatro departamentos por manifestaciones |access-date=22 October 2019 |date=21 October 2019 |website=Página Siete |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022054808/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/21/suspenden-el-conteo-de-votos-en-cuatro-departamentos-por-manifestaciones-235127.html |archive-date=22 October 2019 |url-status=live}} The Chuquisaca Departmental Electoral Court moved its vote count to the town of Zudañez after its facilities in Sucre were burned down.{{cite web|title=TED de Chuquisaca retoma cómputo oficial en Zudáñez|url=https://correodelsur.com/local/20191024_ted-de-chuquisaca-retoma-computo-oficial-en-zudanez.html|work=Correo del Sur|date=24 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025034348/https://correodelsur.com/local/20191024_ted-de-chuquisaca-retoma-computo-oficial-en-zudanez.html|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}} Likewise, the Electoral Tribunal of Potosí ended the recount in the municipality of Llallagua, without notifying the delegates of the opposition political parties.{{cite web|title=Recuento se hizo en Llallagua sin la publicidad que exige la Ley|url=https://elpotosi.net/local/20191024_recuento-se-hizo-en-llallagua-sin-la-publicidad-que-exige-la-ley.html|work=El Potosí|date=24 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025032322/https://elpotosi.net/local/20191024_recuento-se-hizo-en-llallagua-sin-la-publicidad-que-exige-la-ley.html|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}} The counts show that in the municipalities of Zudañez and Llallagua the government party managed to obtain more than two thirds of the votes.{{cite web|title=El cómputo de votos de Chuquisaca se realiza en un bastión del MAS|url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/24/el-computo-de-votos-de-chuquisaca-se-realiza-en-un-bastion-del-mas-235391.html|work=Página Siete|date=24 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025034347/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/24/el-computo-de-votos-de-chuquisaca-se-realiza-en-un-bastion-del-mas-235391.html|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}}

In La Paz and Potosí, boxes of electoral ballots were found in trash cans and in private homes,{{Cite web |title=Vecinos encuentran actas electorales en un contenedor de basura del mercado Yungas {{!}} Radio Fides |url=https://www.radiofides.com/es/2019/11/01/vecinos-encuentran-actas-electorales-en-un-contenedor-de-basura-del-mercado-yungas/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014172954/https://www.radiofides.com/es/2019/11/01/vecinos-encuentran-actas-electorales-en-un-contenedor-de-basura-del-mercado-yungas/ |archive-date=14 October 2020 |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=www.radiofides.com |language=es |url-status=live }}{{cite web |title=Encuentran papeletas marcadas a favor del MAS en La Paz |trans-title=Ballots marked in favor of MAS found in La Paz |url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191021/encuentran-papeletas-marcadas-favor-del-mas-paz |website=Los Tiempos |language=es |date=21 October 2019 |access-date=22 October 2019}} which further fueled the protests.File:Bolivia protests 2019 3.png

Protests, strikes and roadblocks continued over the next several weeks, sometimes turning violent.{{cite web|title=Se registran graves enfrentamientos civiles en Santa Cruz|url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/24/se-registran-graves-enfrentamientos-civiles-en-santa-cruz-235393.html|work=Página Siete|language=es|date=24 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025031947/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/24/se-registran-graves-enfrentamientos-civiles-en-santa-cruz-235393.html|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}} Police frequently dispersed demonstrations with tear gas.{{cite web|title=Simpatizantes de Evo se enfrentan a estudiantes en la plazuela Bush y anuncian vigilia permanente|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/cochabamba/20191024/simpatizantes-evo-se-enfrentan-estudiantes-plazuela-bush-anuncian|work=Los Tiempos|language=es|date=24 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025032532/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/cochabamba/20191024/simpatizantes-evo-se-enfrentan-estudiantes-plazuela-bush-anuncian|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}} Luis Fernando Camacho, president of the Civic Committee in Santa Cruz, emerged as a leader of the protests in this time.{{cite web|title=Santa Cruz no levanta la medida y se alista para encarar el tercer día en paro|url=https://eldeber.com.bo/154509_santa-cruz-no-levanta-la-medida-y-se-alista-para-encarar-el-tercer-dia-en-paro|work=El Deber|language=es|date=24 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025031945/https://eldeber.com.bo/154509_santa-cruz-no-levanta-la-medida-y-se-alista-para-encarar-el-tercer-dia-en-paro|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}} Bolivians living abroad also organized demonstrations, demanding a second round between the leading candidates.{{cite web|title=Residentes bolivianos en Europa se manifiestan en defensa de su voto y piden segunda vuelta|url=https://eldeber.com.bo/154491_residentes-bolivianos-en-europa-se-manifiestan-en-defensa-de-su-voto-y-piden-segunda-vuelta|work=El Deber|language=es|date=25 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025031945/https://eldeber.com.bo/154491_residentes-bolivianos-en-europa-se-manifiestan-en-defensa-de-su-voto-y-piden-segunda-vuelta|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}}

On October 25, the official results were announced, showing 47% for Morales, which would have enabled him to avoid a second round.{{cite web|title=Cómputo da a Evo la victoria irreversible en primera vuelta|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191024/computo-da-evo-victoria-irreversible-primera-vuelta|work=Los Tiempos|language=es|date=24 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019}} The results sparked renewed protests.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50178188|title=Bolivia protests as Morales declared poll winner|date=25 October 2019|work=BBC News|access-date=25 October 2019|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026102332/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50178188|archive-date=26 October 2019|url-status=live}} There were reports of people beginning to stockpile food.{{Cite web|language=es|title=Se reactivan los bloqueos y persiste la tensión en el país por sexto día|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191026/se-reactivan-bloqueos-persiste-tension-pais-sexto-dia|website=Los Tiempos Digital|date=26 October 2019|access-date=13 November 2019}} Over the next weeks, roadblocks were set up across the country by both supporters and opponents of Morales.{{Cite web|language=es|title=Cocaleros bloquean carretera Cochabamba - Santa Cruz para respaldar a Evo|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191027/cocaleros-bloquean-carretera-cochabamba-santa-cruz-respaldar-evo|website=Los Tiempos Digital|date=26 October 2019|access-date=13 November 2019}} In some cities the police was mobilized to prevent violence, although reports emerged of officers not protecting both sides.{{Cite web|language=es|title=Transportistas se movilizan armados con palos para desbloquear la ciudad|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191026/transportistas-se-movilizan-armados-palos-desbloquear-ciudad|website=Los Tiempos Digital|date=26 October 2019|access-date=13 November 2019}} Opposition protesters in Oruro set fire to the homes of several MAS politicians, including the governors of Oruro and Chuquisaca,{{Cite web|url=http://www.resumenlatinoamericano.org/2019/11/10/bolivia-grupos-fascistas-queman-la-casa-del-gobernador-de-oruro/|title=Bolivia. Grupos fascistas queman la casa del Gobernador de Oruro|website=Resumen Latinoamericano|date=10 November 2019 |language=es|access-date=2020-03-21}} and Esther Morales, Evo Morales' sister.{{Cite web |date=2019-11-09 |title=Queman la casa del gobernador de Oruro tras emboscada en Vila Vila |url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191109/queman-casa-del-gobernador-oruro-emboscada-vila-vila |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Los Tiempos |language=es}} In the town of Vinto, opposition protesters set the town hall on fire and kidnapped the mayor, Patricia Arce. Protesters allegedly beat her, cut her hair, and forced her to walk barefoot 40 blocks where they then urinated and spit on her.{{Cite web|url=https://radiomitre.cienradios.com/secuestraron-a-una-intendenta-la-golpearon-le-cortaron-el-cabello-la-orinaron-y-la-escupieron/|title=Secuestraron a una intendenta: la golpearon, le cortaron el cabello, la orinaron y la escupieron|date=2019-11-07|website=Radio Mitre|language=es-AR|access-date=2020-03-21}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50332167|title=Bolivia mayor has hair forcibly cut by crowd of protesters|date=7 November 2019|access-date=8 November 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107232140/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50332167|archive-date=7 November 2019|website=BBC News}} File:Manifestaciones en Bolivia 2019 (16).jpg

On October 31, the OAS began its audit of the election, with representatives from Spain, Paraguay and Mexico monitoring. On the same day, the government announced that at least two people had died in the protests since they began, both in the town of Montero.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-50248739|title=Bolivia's post-election clashes turn deadly as two are killed|date=31 October 2019|access-date=1 November 2019|website=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101002823/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-50248739|archive-date=1 November 2019|url-status=live}} A further fatality occurred on November 7, when a student was killed during a confrontation between supporters and opponents of Morales.{{cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/americas_bolivia-clashes-third-person-killed-disputed-election/6178986.html|title=Bolivia Clashes: Third Person Killed in Disputed Election|agency=Associated Press|date=7 November 2019|access-date=8 November 2019|work=VOA News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108004728/https://www.voanews.com/americas/bolivia-clashes-third-person-killed-disputed-election|archive-date=8 November 2019|url-status=live}}

By November 8, members of the police had joined the anti-Morales protests; in the evening, several could be seen protesting with flags on the roof of the Cochabamba police department,{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-election/bolivian-police-seen-joining-scattered-anti-morales-protests-idUSKBN1XI20M|title=Bolivian police seen joining scattered anti-Morales protests|date=8 November 2019|access-date=9 November 2019|website=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109054624/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-election/bolivian-police-seen-joining-scattered-anti-morales-protests-idUSKBN1XI20M|archive-date=9 November 2019|url-status=live}} as well as in La Paz, Santa Cruz, and Sucre.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/09/bolivian-police-mutiny-in-opposition-to-evo-morales|title=Bolivian police 'mutiny' in opposition to Evo Morales|date=8 November 2019|access-date=9 November 2019|website=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109080956/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/09/bolivian-police-mutiny-in-opposition-to-evo-morales|archive-date=9 November 2019|url-status=live}} On November 9, the Bolivian army announced that it would not suppress the protests.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-election/bolivian-military-says-wont-confront-the-people-as-pressure-on-morales-builds-idUSKBN1XJ0A2|title=Bolivia military says won't 'confront' the people as pressure on Morales builds|date=9 November 2019|access-date=13 November 2019|website=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110024821/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-election/bolivian-military-says-wont-confront-the-people-as-pressure-on-morales-builds-idUSKBN1XJ0A2|archive-date=10 November 2019|url-status=live}} Evo Morales notes in his memoirs that he privately made the decision to resign that evening.

{{Main|2019 Bolivian political crisis}}

File:Bolivia protests 2019 4.png]]On 10 November the Organization of American States gave its audit of the election. The report alleged multiple irregularities, including "manipulations of the I.T. system [that] are of such magnitude that they should be investigated in depth." The organization recommended annulling the election and holding it again with new electoral authorities.{{Cite web|date=20 October 2019|title=Electoral Integrity Analysis: General Elections in the Purinational State of Bolivia|url=http://www.oas.org/documents/eng/press/Electoral-Integrity-Analysis-Bolivia2019.pdf|access-date=21 November 2019|website=OAS}} The same day, the military asked Morales to resign and called on the Bolivian people to refrain from violence and disorder.{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-election-oas/bolivias-morales-agrees-to-new-elections-after-damning-oas-audit-idUSKBN1XK07T|title=Bolivia's Morales resigns after protests, lashes out at 'coup'|last1=Ramos|first1=Daniel|date=10 November 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=11 November 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110230302/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-election-oas/bolivias-morales-agrees-to-new-elections-after-damning-oas-audit-idUSKBN1XK07T|archive-date=10 November 2019|last2=Machicao|first2=Monica}} Approximately an hour later, Morales announced his immediate resignation.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/bolivian-military-asks-morales-resign-ensure-stability-191110200759194.html|title=Bolivia's beleaguered President Morales announces resignation|website=Al Jazeera|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111131010/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/bolivian-military-asks-morales-resign-ensure-stability-191110200759194.html|archive-date=11 November 2019|access-date=10 November 2019}}{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bolivia-elections-president-evo-morales-resigns-today-after-reelection-fraud-protests-live-updates-2019-11-10/|title=Bolivia's president resigns after re-election triggered deadly protests|last1=Martínez|first1=Peter|work=CBS News|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110211438/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bolivia-elections-president-evo-morales-resigns-today-after-reelection-fraud-protests-live-updates-2019-11-10/|archive-date=10 November 2019|url-status=live}} He fled to Mexico the next day, which had offered him asylum.{{Cite news |date=12 November 2019 |title=Evo Morales leaves Bolivia to take asylum in Mexico |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-election-mexico-idUSKBN1XL2H0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112154851/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bolivia-election-mexico-idUSKBN1XL2H0 |archive-date=12 November 2019 |access-date=12 November 2019 |work=Reuters |language=en}}

The police withdrew from La Paz streets the next day, as crowds welcomed the transfer of power with fireworks. There were reports of looting and more politically motivated arson.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/11/world/americas/bolivia-evo-morales.html|title=Power Vacuum in Bolivia as Chaos Engulfs Streets in La Paz|last1=Krauss|first1=Clifford|date=11 November 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=11 November 2019|last2=Victor|first2=Daniel|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111051310/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/11/world/americas/bolivia-evo-morales.html|archive-date=11 November 2019|url-status=live}} At the same time, protests were held in support of Morales throughout Bolivia. El Alto was the site of a particularly large protest, in which multiple people were injured, with crowds chanting, "Now, civil war!" and waving the Wiphala indigenous flag.{{Cite web|url=https://www.filo.news/actualidad/Ahora-si-guerra-civil-sectores-populares-se-movilizaron-en-El-Alto-20191111-0103.html|title="Ahora sí, guerra civil": sectores populares se movilizaron en El Alto|website=Filo News|date=12 November 2019 |language=es-ES|access-date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112140131/https://www.filo.news/actualidad/Ahora-si-guerra-civil-sectores-populares-se-movilizaron-en-El-Alto-20191111-0103.html|archive-date=12 November 2019|url-status=live}}

The acting president, Jeanine Áñez, called for the military to support the police. The head of Bolivia's military said that following reports police have been overtaxed by weeks of unrest, the armed forces would provide help in keeping order.{{Cite web|url=http://www.redbolivision.tv.bo/actualidad/jeanine-anez-pide-apoyo-fuerzas-armadas-88256|title=Jeanine Añez pide apoyo a las Fuerzas Armadas|last=Bolivision|website=Bolivision|language=es|access-date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112134630/http://www.redbolivision.tv.bo/actualidad/jeanine-anez-pide-apoyo-fuerzas-armadas-88256|archive-date=12 November 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/5724739/bolivia-protests-military-police-joint-operation/|title=Bolivian Military to Join Police in Responding to Unrest|magazine=Time|language=en|access-date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112073320/https://time.com/5724739/bolivia-protests-military-police-joint-operation/|archive-date=12 November 2019|url-status=dead}}

File:Nov. 11 Pro-Morales demonstration in El Alto, Bolivia.png flag in El Alto following his departure]]On November 12, citing article 169 of the Constitution of Bolivia, Jeanine Áñez declared herself President of the Senate, which made her the next in line for the office of the President of Bolivia. Parliament then voted to make her president.{{Cite news |last=Manetto |first=Francesco |date=2019-11-12 |title=La senadora Jeanine Áñez se proclama presidenta de Bolivia sin quórum en el Parlamento |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2019/11/12/america/1573566340_453048.html |access-date=2024-12-22 |work=El País |language=es |issn=1134-6582}} Although the vote did not have a quorum as it was boycotted by Morales' party, Movement for Socialism,{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldeber.com.bo/156411_anez-asume-la-presidencia-de-bolivia-ante-vacancia-y-aplicando-la-sucesion-constitucional|title=Áñez asume la Presidencia de Bolivia ante vacancia y aplicando la sucesión constitucional {{!}} EL DEBER|website=www.eldeber.com.bo|date=12 November 2019 |language=es|access-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113002727/https://www.eldeber.com.bo/156411_anez-asume-la-presidencia-de-bolivia-ante-vacancia-y-aplicando-la-sucesion-constitucional|archive-date=13 November 2019|url-status=live}} it was later upheld by the Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal.{{Cite web |url=https://www.eldeber.com.bo/156414_tcp-avala-sucesion-constitucional-en-la-presidencia |title=TCP avala sucesión constitucional en la Presidencia {{!}} EL DEBER |website=www.eldeber.com.bo |date=12 November 2019 |language=es |access-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113084851/https://www.eldeber.com.bo/156414_tcp-avala-sucesion-constitucional-en-la-presidencia |archive-date=13 November 2019 |url-status=live}}

Protests intensified following Morales' departure, with pro-Morales protesters cutting off major Bolivian roads.{{Cite news |last=Krauss |first=Clifford |date=12 November 2019 |title='I Assume the Presidency': Bolivia Lawmaker Declares Herself Leader |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/12/world/americas/evo-morales-mexico-bolivia.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113133020/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/12/world/americas/evo-morales-mexico-bolivia.html |archive-date=13 November 2019 |access-date=13 November 2019 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} In La Paz, tens of thousands of pro-Morales protesters clashed with police, military, and opposition forces as they attempted to make their way to the city's centre to protest Morales' removal.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/11/world/americas/bolivia-evo-morales.html|title=Evo Morales of Bolivia Accepts Asylum in Mexico|last=Krauss|first=Clifford|date=11 November 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=13 November 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111051310/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/11/world/americas/bolivia-evo-morales.html|archive-date=11 November 2019|url-status=live}} Another march of several thousand people was blocked from reaching the city's main square by military and security forces with tear gas and water cannons.{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/df110a9830ba43208fd1d68ea6e5b684|title=Tensions rise as Bolivia opposition leader claims presidency|date=13 November 2019|website=AP NEWS|access-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113145351/https://apnews.com/df110a9830ba43208fd1d68ea6e5b684|archive-date=13 November 2019|url-status=live}} In response, pro-Morales protesters blocked roads leading to the city's airport.{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/cb787cf89f674d4683ff808e0ad64711|title=Morales says he's headed for Mexico as clashes rock Bolivia|date=12 November 2019|website=AP NEWS|access-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113145350/https://apnews.com/cb787cf89f674d4683ff808e0ad64711|archive-date=13 November 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/11/12/world/politics-diplomacy-world/bolivia-power-void-exit-morales-successors/|title=Bolivia in power void with exit of Morales and would-be successors|date=12 November 2019|work=The Japan Times Online|access-date=13 November 2019|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113145352/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/11/12/world/politics-diplomacy-world/bolivia-power-void-exit-morales-successors/|archive-date=13 November 2019|url-status=live}} Police, military and opposition forces set up roadblocks in anticipation of a renewed march on the city's centre.{{Cite web |date=12 November 2019 |title=Bolivia's La Paz braces for violence as Morales supporters march on city |url=https://www.firstpost.com/world/bolivias-la-paz-braces-for-violence-as-morales-supporters-march-on-city-7637531.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113145350/https://www.firstpost.com/world/bolivias-la-paz-braces-for-violence-as-morales-supporters-march-on-city-7637531.html |archive-date=13 November 2019 |access-date=13 November 2019 |website=Firstpost}} The wiphala, a flag representing the indigenous people of the Andes, became a symbol for Morales supporters.{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bolivias-morales-takes-asylum-in-mexico-leaving-fraught-political-vacuum-behind-11573584534|title=In Evo Morales's Wake, Bolivia Left in Turmoil|last=Otis|first=Ryan Dube and John|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=13 November 2019|language=en-US|access-date=13 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113145350/https://www.wsj.com/articles/bolivias-morales-takes-asylum-in-mexico-leaving-fraught-political-vacuum-behind-11573584534|archive-date=13 November 2019|url-status=live}} In some cases, the flag became a point of polarization; a video appeared online showing police officers cutting the flag out of their uniforms.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/14/bolivia-president-jeanine-anez-cabinet-indigenous|title=Bolivia's interim president's indigenous-free cabinet heightens polarization|date=14 November 2019|website=The Guardian|access-date=14 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115015017/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/14/bolivia-president-jeanine-anez-cabinet-indigenous|archive-date=15 November 2019|url-status=live}}

On November 13, Bolivian police used tear gas to break up a peaceful pro-Morales protest in La Paz. Following this, it blocked about a dozen pro-Morales senators from entering the legislature, upon which pro-Morales demonstrators responded with cries of "dictatorship" and by throwing stones at the policemen.{{Cite news |last=Krauss |first=Clifford |date=13 November 2019 |title=Bolivia's Interim Leader Pledges to 'Reconstruct Democracy' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/13/world/americas/bolivia-morales-news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115150600/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/13/world/americas/bolivia-morales-news.html |archive-date=15 November 2019 |access-date=15 November 2019 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite web |author=Joshua Berlinger |date=14 November 2019 |title=Morales warns Bolivian leaders not to 'stain themselves with blood' as protesters take to the streets |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/14/americas/bolivia-political-unrest-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115191345/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/14/americas/bolivia-political-unrest-intl-hnk/index.html |archive-date=15 November 2019 |access-date=15 November 2019 |website=CNN}}

{{Main|Sacaba massacre}}

In Sacaba, nine people were killed and over 100 injured during clashes between security forces and protesters. This resulted after police and armed forces attempted to prevent them from marching in either central Sacaba or the city of Cochabamba.{{Cite web|date=2019-11-15|title=Varios fallecidos por enfrentamiento en Sacaba|url=https://erbol.com.bo/seguridad/reportan-al-menos-cinco-fallecidos-en-sacaba|access-date=2020-06-12|website=Erbol|language=es}} Demonstrators set off sticks of dynamite, while the police and armed forces tried to disperse them with tear gas.{{Cite web|url=https://www.efe.com/efe/english/world/9-dead-in-bolivia-violence-interim-gov-t-calls-for-transparent-probe/50000262-4112680|title=9 Dead in Bolivia violence; interim gov't calls for transparent probe}} This quickly escalated into violence.{{Cite web|url=https://www.clarin.com/mundo/bolivia-denuncian-muertos-represion-cochabamba_0_vgTdqXkj.html|title=Ya son nueve los muertos durante una marcha de cocaleros en Cochabamba|last=Clarín.com|website=www.clarin.com|date=15 November 2019|language=es|access-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115232907/https://www.clarin.com/mundo/bolivia-denuncian-muertos-represion-cochabamba_0_vgTdqXkj.html|archive-date=15 November 2019|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.diarioregistrado.com/internacionales/impactantes-videos-de-la-salvaje-represion-policial-en-cochabamba_a5dcf24819563ae3f68ebff00|title=Impactantes videos de la salvaje represión policial en Cochabamba|last=Registrado|first=Diario|website=Diario Registrado|date=15 November 2019 |language=en|access-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115233200/https://www.diarioregistrado.com/internacionales/impactantes-videos-de-la-salvaje-represion-policial-en-cochabamba_a5dcf24819563ae3f68ebff00|archive-date=15 November 2019|url-status=live}} The total death toll since October 20 reached 23,{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/530280a8d9674f58ad19af8d3f00edee|title=Bolivian interim leader meets UN envoy amid violence fears|date=16 November 2019|website=AP NEWS|access-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116132710/https://apnews.com/530280a8d9674f58ad19af8d3f00edee|archive-date=16 November 2019|url-status=live}} as a demonstrator injured by gunfire died on June 11, 2020, after seven months with a bullet lodged in his head.{{Cite web|last=Bolivia|first=Opinión|title=Fallece Julio, luchó con una bala en la cabeza 7 meses|url=https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/policial/fallece-julio-lucho-bala-cabeza-7-meses/20200611211031772348.html|access-date=2020-06-12|website=Opinión Bolivia|date=11 June 2020 |language=es}}

Áñez announced that the military would be exempt from criminal responsibility when acting in a "legitimate defense or state of necessity."{{Cite web|url=https://www.clarin.com/mundo/bolivia-decreto-jeanine-anez-quitarle-responsabilidad-penal-fuerzas-armadas-protestas_0_AwNOgZKd.html|title=Bolivia: el decreto de Jeanine Áñez para quitarle la "responsabilidad penal" a las Fuerzas Armadas ante las protestas|last=Clarín.com|website=www.clarin.com|date=16 November 2019|language=es|access-date=17 November 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.elliberal.com.ar/noticia/511029/agreden-londres-ministra-hong-kong-medio-protesta|title=Agreden en Londres a ministra de Hong Kong en medio de protesta - El Liberal|last=Liberal|first=El|website=www.elliberal.com.ar|language=es|access-date=17 November 2019}} The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights commission condemned the decree. Morales described the events as a massacre and the Áñez-led government as a "dictatorship". UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Michelle Bachelet called the events an "extremely dangerous development" and warned that widespread arrests and detentions were adding to the tensions, and that the crisis couldn't be solved through force and repression.{{Cite web|url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/11/1051531|title=Repression, use of force risk worsening Bolivia crisis: UN human rights chief|date=16 November 2019|website=UN News|language=en|access-date=17 November 2019}} A UN envoy met with Añez shortly thereafter to relay the organization's "concern". Arturo Murillo, a government minister, claimed that the army had not been ordered to fire and implied that the shots came from the side of the protesters.{{Cite web|url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/11/16/murillo-dice-que-disparos-salieron-de-manifestantes-en-sacaba-que-no-hubo-orden-para-lanzar-tiros-237582.html|title=Murillo dice que disparos salieron de manifestantes en Sacaba y que no hubo orden para lanzar tiros}} He also called for a transparent investigation by the attorney general's office.

In October 2023, the Attorney General sought criminal charges for eighteen former members of the government and military in part for their roles in the killings, including Áñez and Murillo.{{Cite web |last=Central |first=Redacción |date=2023-10-23 |title=Fiscalía pide 30 años de cárcel para Jeanine Añez por genocidio en Sacaba y Senkata |url=https://abi.bo/index.php/seguridad2/43265-fiscalia-pide-30-anos-de-carcel-para-jeanine-anez-y-otros-17-por-genocidio-en-sacaba-y-senkata |access-date=2024-12-22 |website=ABI |language=es-es}}

The interim interior minister Arturo Murillo threatened to arrest MAS legislators, who refuse to recognize Añez's legitimacy, for "subversion." He also cautioned journalists reporting on the protests to "not commit sedition."{{Cite web|url=https://theglobepost.com/2019/11/18/bolivian-government-arrest-mas-lawmakers/|title=Interim Bolivian Government Threatens Arrest of Opposition Legislators|date=18 November 2019}} Murillo further threatened to unveil a list of MAS legislators which he deemed had been involved in alleged "sedition".{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bolivia-election-idUKKBN1XS29A|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119040959/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bolivia-election-idUKKBN1XS29A|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 November 2019|title=Coca farmers march, police fire tear gas in worsening Bolivia unrest|date=19 November 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=19 November 2019|language=en}}

Thousands of Bolivian coca farmers came out in protest in favour of Morales and called for the resignation of Añez as Acting President. Bolivian police fired tear gas in the country's highlands to prevent the demonstrators from reaching the city of Cochabamba. Some of the protesters responded to the launching of tear gas by throwing stones at the police officers, which in turn responded by arresting at least ten demonstrators.

{{Main|Senkata massacre}}

Senate president and MAS leader Mónica Eva Copa instructed MAS legislators in the Plurinational Legislative Assembly to cancel a planned vote to reject Morales' resignation. She later announced that legislation would be introduced to annul the 20 October election and move towards new elections as soon as possible.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2019/11/19/world/americas/19reuters-bolivia-election.html|title=Bolivian Military Deploys Armored Vehicles to End Blockade of Key Gas Plant|date=19 November 2019|via=NYTimes.com}}

Eight people were killed in clashes outside the major Senkata gasoline plant that had been blockaded for days by Morales supporters as police and military attempted to escort a fuel convoy to relieve shortages in La Paz.

Witnesses said that the men died when a military unit guarding the plant opened fire on the protesters that had surrounded it for over a week.

Bolivia's new defense minister, Fernando López, told reporters that “not one bullet” had been fired by the military at Senkata, an account that was contradicted by dozen of witnesses who had gathered at the church that night.{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/20/world/americas/bolivia-deaths-sentaka.html|title=Five Killed as Political Violence Keeps Grip on Bolivia|website=The New York Times|date=20 November 2019}}

Dozens of thousands of pro-Morales protesters marched some 15 km from El Alto to downtown La Paz in response to the killings at Senkata. They brought with them the coffins of five of the eight victims of the tragedy. Protesters were dispersed with tear gas, which also hit many passersby. Police on motorcycles continued to fire tear gas at hiding or retreating protesters, pushing them further from the San Francisco Square. The Anez-led interim government blamed Morales and "radical groups" of allegedly supporting the violence.{{Cite web|url=https://sg.news.yahoo.com/police-break-bolivia-funeral-protest-congress-meets-elections-214036534.html|title=Police break up Bolivia funeral protest as Congress meets on elections|website=sg.news.yahoo.com|access-date=21 November 2019|archive-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122101442/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/police-break-bolivia-funeral-protest-congress-meets-elections-214036534.html|url-status=dead}}{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bolivia-politics-idUKKBN1XV1P5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123021403/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-bolivia-politics-idUKKBN1XV1P5|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 November 2019|title=Supporters of Bolivia's Morales march with coffins of dead protesters|newspaper=Reuters|date=21 November 2019|via=uk.reuters.com|last1=Limachi|first1=Daniel Ramos}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20191121-police-break-up-bolivia-funeral-protest-as-congress-meets-on-elections|title=Police break up Bolivia funeral protest as Congress meets on elections|date=21 November 2019|website=France 24}}

The interim government opened an investigation into Morales for "terrorism and sedition."{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/22/bolivia-evo-morales-terrorism-sedition-interim-government|title=Bolivia's interim government accuses Evo Morales of terrorism and sedition|first=Tom|last=Phillips|newspaper=The Guardian |date=22 November 2019|access-date=23 November 2019|via=www.theguardian.com}} Hours later, the vice-president of MAS-IPSP was arrested while travelling in a vehicle without licence plates carrying a number of computers and biometric equipment taken from the electoral commission offices.{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/Canal_BoliviaTV/status/1198037950019321856|title=#BTVInforma | La Policía aprehendió al vicepresidente del MAS por el presunto delito de uso indebido de bienes del Estado.pic.twitter.com/MqdWNa0KPT|author=Canal Bolivia TV|date=22 November 2019|access-date=23 November 2019}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201911/411096-bolivia-arresto-vicepresidente-mas-gerardo-garcia.html|archivedate=2023-04-24|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20230424221058/https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201911/411096-bolivia-arresto-vicepresidente-mas-gerardo-garcia.html|title=Arrestan al vicepresidente del MAS y buscan a una ex ministra acusada de ordenar actos violentos|website=www.telam.com.ar|access-date=23 November 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldeber.com.bo/157443_detienen-a-gerardo-garcia-el-segundo-hombre-fuerte-del-mas|title = Detienen a Gerardo García, el segundo hombre fuerte del MAS | EL DEBER| date=22 November 2019 }}

{{Importance section|date=November 2019}}File:Bolivia protests 2019 8.png

The suspension of the vote count generated criticism in the opposition and the electoral observation mission of the Organization of American States (OAS).{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50134451|title=Anger mounts in Bolivia over poll result confusion|date=22 October 2019|work=BBC News|access-date=23 October 2019|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022150624/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50134451|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191021/trep-reanuda-conteo-rapido-sorpresivamente-al-9530-le-da-triunfo-evo|title=TREP reanuda conteo rápido sorpresivamente y al 95,30% le da triunfo a Evo en primera vuelta|trans-title=TREP resumes rapid counting surprisingly and with 95.30% gives Evo victory in the first round|access-date=22 October 2019|date=22 October 2019|website=Los Tiempos|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022023648/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191021/trep-reanuda-conteo-rapido-sorpresivamente-al-9530-le-da-triunfo-evo|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}} In a press conference, the head of the electoral observation mission of the OAS, former Costa Rican foreign minister Manuel González{{Cite web|url=https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-079/19|title=OAS - Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development|date=1 August 2009|website=www.oas.org|access-date=18 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110231111/https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-079%2F19|archive-date=10 November 2019|url-status=live}} made a statement in which his team expressed concern about the drastic and unexplained changes published by the Supreme Electoral Tribunal that interpreted the victory of Evo Morales in the first round, saying "It is essential that the citizens will be fully respected by honoring the values contained in the OAS Inter-American Democratic Charter".{{cite web|url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/21/oea-expresa-profunda-preocupacion-ante-cambios-drasticos-de-resultados-electorales-235129.html|title=OEA expresa profunda preocupación ante cambios drásticos de resultados electorales|date=21 October 2019|website=Página Siete|language=es|trans-title=OAS expresses deep concern about drastic changes in electoral results|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022054807/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/10/21/oea-expresa-profunda-preocupacion-ante-cambios-drasticos-de-resultados-electorales-235129.html|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}} In addition, the mission published a statement calling for respect for the will of the citizens.{{cite news|url=https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-085/19|title=Statement of the OAS Electoral Observation Mission in Bolivia|newspaper=Oas - Organization of American States |date=21 October 2019|publisher=Organization of American States|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023005915/https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-085%2F19|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}

Carlos Mesa called for civil mobilizations in defense of the vote after denouncing fraud in the elections.{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/unrest-erupts-in-bolivia-as-opponents-accuse-evo-morales-of-trying-to-steal-election/2019/10/22/214d85f2-f4d4-11e9-b2d2-1f37c9d82dbb_story.html|title=Protests, arson, looting in Bolivia as opponents accuse Evo Morales of trying to steal election|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022222335/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/unrest-erupts-in-bolivia-as-opponents-accuse-evo-morales-of-trying-to-steal-election/2019/10/22/214d85f2-f4d4-11e9-b2d2-1f37c9d82dbb_story.html|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/23/americas/bolivia-election-protests-fraud-intl-hnk/index.html|title=Tensions boil over in Bolivia as protesters claim presidential election was rigged|last1=Regan|first1=Helen|last2=Rivers|first2=Matt|date=23 October 2019|publisher=CNN|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023113324/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/10/23/americas/bolivia-election-protests-fraud-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}} In a later video, Mesa called for constant protesting until a second round of voting was held, adding that he would bring proof of fraud.

Opposition candidate Óscar Ortiz called to demonstrate in peace to "maintain the legitimacy of the democratic claim."{{cite web|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191022/oscar-ortiz-cualquier-hecho-violencia-es-hacerle-favor-al-gobierno|title=Óscar Ortiz: "Cualquier hecho de violencia es hacerle un favor al Gobierno"|date=22 October 2019|website=Los Tiempos|language=es|trans-title=Óscar Ortiz: "Any act of violence is to do the Government a favor"|access-date=22 October 2019}}

The Bolivian Episcopal Conference (CEB) warned of fraud and demanded that the electoral authorities fulfill their duty as an "impartial arbitrator of the electoral process". The CEB also called on "international observers to fulfill their mission of monitoring the transparency of the electoral process" in order to respect the Bolivian people and the principles of democracy, noting that one of the observers for the election, the European Union, had financed the electronic vote count system and should, therefore, be mandated to ensure it is used properly.{{cite web|url=https://erbol.com.bo/el-%C3%A1nfora-1/iglesia-cat%C3%B3lica-observa-indicios-de-fraude-y-exige-que-se-diga-la-verdad|title=Iglesia Católica observa indicios de fraude y exige que se diga la verdad|date=22 October 2019|publisher=ERBOL|language=es|trans-title=Catholic Church observes signs of fraud and demands that the truth be told|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022194215/http://www.erbol.com.bo/el-%C3%A1nfora-1/iglesia-cat%C3%B3lica-observa-indicios-de-fraude-y-exige-que-se-diga-la-verdad|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}

The Minister of Justice, Héctor Arce, denied the alleged electoral fraud and said that the demonstrations are unjustified, since the electoral calculation process is free and public.{{cite web|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191022/ministro-justicia-asegura-que-movilizaciones-son-injustificadas|title=Ministro de justicia asegura que las movilizaciones son injustificadas|date=22 October 2019|website=Los Tiempos|language=es|trans-title=Minister of Justice ensures that the mobilizations are unjustified|access-date=22 October 2019}}

On 22 October, the Vice President of the Bolivian electoral board, Antonio Costas, described by news website Infobae as the only independent member of the TSE{{Relevance inline|date=November 2019}}, resigned, criticizing the Electoral Tribunal for suspending the publication of the results of the TREP, saying that the issues with the count discredited the democratic process. Gunnar Vargas, also member of the electoral board, announced in the radio that he went into hiding for his personal safety.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/23/bolivia-evo-morales-coup-accusation-opposition-foreign-powers|title=Bolivia's Evo Morales accuses opposition of attempting coup|last=Youkee|first=Mat|date=23 October 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=23 October 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023231255/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/23/bolivia-evo-morales-coup-accusation-opposition-foreign-powers|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191022/antonio-costas-presenta-su-renuncia-al-tse|title=Antonio Costas presenta su renuncia al TSE por la interrupción del TREP|date=22 October 2019|website=Los Tiempos|language=es|trans-title=Antonio Costas submits his resignation to the TSE for the interruption of the TREP|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022232257/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191022/antonio-costas-presenta-su-renuncia-al-tse|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2019/10/22/en-medio-de-las-sospechas-de-fraude-renuncio-el-vicepresidente-del-tribunal-supremo-electoral-de-bolivia/|title=En medio de las sospechas de fraude, renunció el vicepresidente del Tribunal Supremo Electoral de Bolivia|date=22 October 2019|website=Infobae|language=es|trans-title=Amid suspected fraud, the vice president of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Bolivia resigned|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022231154/https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2019/10/22/en-medio-de-las-sospechas-de-fraude-renuncio-el-vicepresidente-del-tribunal-supremo-electoral-de-bolivia/|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}

The National Committee for the Defense of Democracy in Bolivia (Conade) held the Morales government responsible for any confrontation that may arise in the country and called for an indefinite national strike from midnight on the morning of 23 October.{{cite web|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191022/conade-decreta-paro-nacional-indefinido-defensa-segunda-vuelta|title=Conade decreta un paro nacional indefinido en defensa de la segunda vuelta|date=22 October 2019|website=Los Tiempos|language=es|trans-title=Conade decrees an indefinite national strike in defense of the second round|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022231330/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191022/conade-decreta-paro-nacional-indefinido-defensa-segunda-vuelta|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.unitel.tv/noticias/conade-anuncia-paro-nacional-afirman-que-la-segunda-vuelta-no-esta-en-discusion/|title=CONADE anuncia paro nacional, afirman que la 2da vuelta no está en discusión|date=21 October 2019|publisher=UNITEL|language=es|trans-title=CONADE announces national strike, affirm that the second round is not in discussion|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022064624/http://www.unitel.tv/noticias/conade-anuncia-paro-nacional-afirman-que-la-segunda-vuelta-no-esta-en-discusion/|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}

In a televised address on 23 October, Morales made a speech saying that there was a coup d'état underway in his country that had been orchestrated by right-wing groups in Bolivia with the aid of foreign powers; earlier that day, Manuel González opined that the second round should go ahead even if Morales is revealed to have achieved a lead of over 10 percentage points, as his vote margin (based on the earlier results) would still be "negligible".

On Saturday 26 October, after international calls for an audit of the electoral processes, Morales invited foreign governments to hold one, and promised to move the election to a run-off should any fraud be found.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-latin-america-50196181/bolivia-election-protests-in-la-paz-against-result|title=This is not Cuba or Venezuela, say Bolivians|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=26 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026205241/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-latin-america-50196181/bolivia-election-protests-in-la-paz-against-result|archive-date=26 October 2019|url-status=live}}

In the announcement on Friday 8 November, Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) denied that irregularities had taken place in the vote count. TSE referred critics to a report by the company Ethical Hacking, which had checked the electronic vote and did not find any kind of "alteration of the data." But the company's chief, Alvaro Andrade, said his firm did find "vulnerabilities" in the vote count.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/bolivias-electoral-tribunal-denies-fraud-amid-protests/a-51175904|title=Bolivia's electoral tribunal denies fraud amid protests|work=Deutsche Welle|date=8 November 2019|access-date=9 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109225927/https://www.dw.com/en/bolivias-electoral-tribunal-denies-fraud-amid-protests/a-51175904|archive-date=9 November 2019|url-status=live}}

The Bolivian Football Federation (FBF) suspended all matches on day 17 of the Clausura tournament of the Bolivian Primera División, due to a predicted lack of presence of both players and spectators because of the protests.{{cite web|title=Suspenden los partidos de la fecha 17 ante los conflictos en el país|trans-title=Date 17 matches suspended due to the conflicts in the country|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/deportes/entretiempo/20191022/suspenden-partidos-fecha-17-conflictos-pais|website=Los Tiempos|language=es|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022231204/https://www.lostiempos.com/deportes/entretiempo/20191022/suspenden-partidos-fecha-17-conflictos-pais|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}

The Bolivian Association of Supermarkets announced that the opening hours of supermarkets and hypermarkets for the day of 25 October would be from 7:00 am through noon.{{cite web|title=Supermercados atenderán mañana de 7:00 a 12:00|url=https://eldeber.com.bo/154485_supermercados-atenderan-manana-de-700-a-1200|work=El Deber|date=24 October 2019|access-date=25 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191025031947/https://eldeber.com.bo/154485_supermercados-atenderan-manana-de-700-a-1200|archive-date=25 October 2019|url-status=live}}

A correspondent for the Cochabamba newspaper Los Tiempos, Wilson Aguilar, said he was assaulted on 21 October by MAS supporters during the Supreme Electoral Tribunal conference in La Paz.{{cite web|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191021/agreden-corresponsal-tiempos-conferencia-del-tse|title=Agreden a corresponsal de Los Tiempos durante conferencia del TSE|trans-title=Los Tiempos correspondent attacked during TSE conference|access-date=22 October 2019|date=21 October 2019|website=Los Tiempos|language=es}}

The newspaper El Deber reported that on the night of 21 October, Vice Minister of Communication Leyla Medinacelli called the newspaper to "ask for a headline" on the front page of the next day's edition, specifying that it should encourage protesters to "demobilize". The newspaper clarified that it does not allow people who are not their own journalists to "impose a headline".{{cite web|title=Viceministra pide un titular de portada en El Deber|trans-title=Vice Minister asks for a front page headline in El Deber|url=https://eldeber.com.bo/154229_viceministra-pide-un-titular-de-portada-en-el-deber|newspaper=El Deber|language=es|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022231154/https://eldeber.com.bo/154229_viceministra-pide-un-titular-de-portada-en-el-deber|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=Viceministra de Comunicación pide un titular de portada a El Deber|trans-title=Vice Minister of Communication asks for a front page title in El Deber|url=https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191022/viceministra-comunicacion-pide-titular-portada-deber|website=Los Tiempos|language=es|date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022231205/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20191022/viceministra-comunicacion-pide-titular-portada-deber|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}

On 10 November the newspaper Página Siete announced it would not publish its morning edition of 11 November due to security reasons. The website and social media later resumed its updating.{{Cite web|url=https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/11/10/pagina-siete-suspende-labores-por-seguridad-237039.html|title=Página Siete suspende labores por seguridad - Diario Pagina Siete|website=www.paginasiete.bo|language=es|access-date=11 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111081841/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2019/11/10/pagina-siete-suspende-labores-por-seguridad-237039.html|archive-date=11 November 2019|url-status=live}} Two days later on 12 November, the newspaper El Diario announced it would not publish its print edition of that day due to security reasons, while the online edition would still be updated.{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.net/|title=Jornadas delincuenciales|website=www.eldiario.net|language=es|access-date=12 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980211160717/http://www.eldiario.net/|archive-date=11 February 1998|url-status=dead}}

Following Morales' resignation, a large anti-Morales Twitter bot network was uncovered by the microblogging site in mid November. The network had published automated tweets which declared opposition to Morales, further adding that the events were "not a coup". Compared to the extremely low proportion of the population that speaks English, the abundance of English tweets from this network suggests that it was intended to sway opinions beyond Bolivia. The company behind the site had removed many of the tweets by 19 November, but media reports suggested that around 4200 were still up by that point.{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/18/20970888/bot-campaign-twitter-facebook-bolivia-uprising-coup-confusion|title=Bot campaign on Twitter fuels confusion about Bolivian unrest|last=Schiffer|first=Zoe|date=18 November 2019|website=The Verge|language=en|access-date=19 November 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/@justinward/are-bots-behind-viral-bolivia-hashtags-b3f015318a82|title=Are bots behind viral Bolivia hashtags?|last=Ward|first=Justin|date=13 November 2019|website=Medium|language=en|access-date=19 November 2019}} The Venezuelan government pro propaganda network Telesur alleged that nearly 70,000 fake accounts had been used by the network, many of which were created days before.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/bolivia-some-70k-fake-anti-morales-twitter-ids-created/1649627|title=Bolivia: Some 70K fake anti-Morales Twitter IDs created|website=www.aa.com.tr|access-date=19 November 2019}} A Social Networks head working for the Spanish party Podemos further alleged that fake accounts were used to artificially boost the online following of anti-Morales political figures, including Añez.{{Cite web|url=https://www.fayerwayer.com/2019/11/twitter-bots-golpe-estado-bolivia/|title=Investigador asegura que crearon 68.000 cuentas falsas en Twitter para apoyar "golpe de Estado" en Bolivia|last=FayerWayer|website=FayerWayer|date=19 November 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=19 November 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/ultimas/mundo/2019/11/17/mas-de-68-mil-cuentas-falsas-en-twitter-apoyan-golpe-en-bolivia-2106.html|title=Más de 68 mil cuentas falsas en Twitter apoyan golpe en Bolivia - Mundo - La Jornada|last=Debate|first=Rosa Miriam Elizalde/ Cuba|date=17 November 2019|website=www.jornada.com.mx|language=es|access-date=19 November 2019}}

On 21 January 2020, the interim government's Department of Justice produced a 65-page document on cases where they believed human rights had been violated. This was created with the intention of presenting these cases to be investigated by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) and to different embassies and international organizations. The report is in two parts, with the second relating to events of violence, sedition and terrorism that allegedly occurred since the 20 October elections.{{cite web|url=http://www.la-razon.com/nacional/Informe-cronologia-conflictos-anez-bolivia_0_3298470153.html|title=El informe de Áñez contendrá una cronología de los 14 años de gobierno de Evo y de la transición|trans-title=Áñez's report will contain a chronology of the 14 years of Evo's government and the transition|work=La Razón|language=es|date=21 January 2020|access-date=22 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122162024/http://www.la-razon.com/nacional/Informe-cronologia-conflictos-anez-bolivia_0_3298470153.html|archive-date=22 January 2020}}

• 2008 unrest in Bolivia
• 2019 shortages in Bolivia
• List of protests in the 21st century
• 2019–2020 Mexico–Bolivia diplomatic crisis
• 2020 Bolivian protests
• 2021 Bolivian protests

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Category:2019 controversies

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Category:Protests in Bolivia