2021 Arkalochori earthquake

This region in the Mediterranean is part of the Hellenic arc and is known for its frequent and violent seismic activity and is home to Europe's deadliest earthquakes. The island of Crete in particular lies above a convergent boundary where the Aegean Sea and African plates meet, specifically the African plate subducting beneath the Aegean Sea. The process of subduction along the Hellenic subduction zone makes the region prone to large earthquakes and tsunamis. The ~{{M|w}} 8.0–8.5 earthquake in Crete in 365 AD and 1303 are examples of subduction zone events. In 1810 and 1856, Crete was struck by large intermediate-depth intraplate earthquakes which were devastating and felt strongly in Africa and the Levant. The 1810 and 1856 earthquakes occurred within the subducting African plate rather than at the plate boundary.

During the Holocene period, the island of Crete has been affected by a combination of east–west extension on north northeast–south southwest trending normal faults and north–south extension on WNW-ESE trending normal faults. The local tectonic movement on these two fault sets are 0.3–1.3 mm/yr and 0.6–1.0 mm/yr respectively. These faults range from 3 km to 30 km in length and can produce earthquakes of magnitude of 7.0 at their maximum.{{cite journal |author1=Riccardo Caputo |author2=Stefano Catalano |author3=Carmelo Monaco |author4=Gino Romagnoli |author5=Giuseppe Tortorici |author6=Luigi Tortorici |title=Active faulting on the island of Crete (Greece) |journal=Geophysical Journal International |date=2010 |volume=183 |issue=1 |pages=111–126 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04749.x |bibcode=2010GeoJI.183..111C |doi-access=free }}

The epicentre of the earthquake lies within the Heraklion sedimentary basin, which is fault-controlled. The Kastelli Fault forms the near the east edge of the Heraklion basin, and is the most active. Other faults in the region include the Geraki Fault, and the Nipiditos Fault. The Nipiditos Fault is exposed fault near the epicentral area and truncates the southward prolongation of both the Geraki and Kastelli Faults. It is the youngest structure in the area.{{cite journal |last1=Triantafyllou |first1=Ioanna |last2=Karavias |first2=Andreas |last3=Koukouvelas |first3=Ioannis |last4=Papadopoulos |first4=Gerassimos A. |last5=Parcharidis |first5=Issaak |title=The Crete Isl. (Greece) Mw6.0 Earthquake of 27 September 2021: Expecting the Unexpected |journal=GeoHazards |date=March 2022 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=106–124 |doi=10.3390/geohazards3010006|issn=2624-795X|doi-access=free }} 50px This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0)] license.

Image:Arkalochori 5.8 ML Earthquake on 27 September 2021 (cropped).jpg

An initial measurement of {{M|w}} 6.5 was obtained by the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC), and later downgraded to 6.0. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) said the event was {{M|w}} 6.0 at 8.7 km depth. Normal faulting was indicated by the focal mechanism. According to Greece's Institute of Geodynamics, the earthquake had a local magnitude of {{M|l}} 5.8.{{cite web |title=EVENT 2021sybnk Crete, Greece |url=http://www.gein.noa.gr/services/pre/pre_20210927061720_20210927092500.txt |website=Institute of Geodynamics |access-date=27 September 2021}}

According to Konstantinos Papazachos,{{cite news |title=Κωνσταντίνος Παπαζάχος: Άγνωστο το ρήγμα που προκάλεσε το σημερινό σεισμό στο Αρκαλοχώρι|trans-title=Konstantinos Papazachos: The fault caused by today's earthquake in Arkalochori is unknown |url=https://www.businessnews.gr/ellada/item/219483-konstantinos-papazaxos-agnosto-to-rigma-pou-prokalese-ton-simerino-seismo-sto-arkaloxori |access-date=13 November 2021 |agency=businessnews.gr/ellada |publisher=BusinessNews.gr |date=27 September 2021 |language=Greek}} a professor of geophysics at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Thessaloniki, the probability of the earthquake being a foreshock to a larger event is small. The professor added that the earthquake with its magnitude was large enough for the active faults in Crete, and that strong aftershocks are expected.{{cite news |title=Earthquake in Crete: "It is unlikely tha we will have a much stronger earthquake", says Papazahos |url=https://www.ethnos.gr/ellada/175729_seismos-kriti-apithano-na-ehoyme-poly-pio-ishyro-seismo-leei-o-papazahos |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=ethnos.gr |date=27 September 2021}} The earthquake occurred along a shallow crustal fault on the island.{{cite news |author1=ΑΠΕ-ΜΠΕ |title=K. Papazachos: The fault that caused the earthquake in Heraklion, Crete is unknown |url=https://www.capital.gr/epikairotita/3584408/k-papazaxos-agnosto-to-rigma-pou-prokalese-ton-seismo-sto-irakleio-kritis |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=Athens News Agency |publisher=Capital |date=27 September 2021}} He stated that some faults on the island have been the subject of geological studies, but they have not shown any signs of past seismic activity.{{cite news |title=Παπαζάχος σε ΣΚΑΪ για σεισμό Κρήτης: Σπάνια δίνουν δραστηριοποίηση τα ρήγματα της περιοχής [Papazachos in SKAI for the earthquake in Crete: The faults of the area are rarely activated] |url=https://www.sport-fm.gr/article/4204947 |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=sport-fm.gr |date=27 September 2021}} The fault responsible for the quake was identified as the Kastelli Fault; a north northeast–south southwest trending normal fault with a length of 13 km, dipping at an angle of 70° to the west.{{cite journal |author1=R. Caputo |author2=S. Catalano |author3=C. Monaco |author4=G. Romagnoli |title=Middle-Late Quaternary Geodynamics of Crete, Southern Aegean, and Seismotectonic Implications |journal=Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece |date=2010 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=400–408 |doi=10.12681/bgsg.11191 |bibcode=2010EGUGA..12..379C |url=https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/geosociety/article/view/11191|doi-access=free }}

According to scientists at the Geodynamic Institution, Arkalochori subsided by up to 15 cm.{{cite news |title=Earthquake in Crete: Arkalochori sank by 15 cm – Egelados "raised houses" |url=https://permissos.gr/tag/%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7-%CE%B2%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BA%CE%B5-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC-15-%CE%B5%CE%BA/ |access-date=29 September 2021 |agency=permissos.gr |date=29 September 2021}} A maximum ground subsidence of ~22 cm was estimated from the displacement decomposition in the vertical (up-down) direction. There was also horizontal (east-west) displacement observed, with eastward movement up to 14 cm to the west of Arckalochori and westward movement up to 7 cm to the east of Arckalochori.

The mainshock itself is part of an earthquake swarm which began four months earlier.{{cite web |title=Search Earthquake Catalog |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/ |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=27 September 2021}}{{cite news |title=At 6 Richter the earthquake in Crete: What scientists say – Vibrations for four months in Arkalochori |url=https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1165198/sta-6-rihter-o-seismos-stin-kriti-ti-lene-oi-epistimones-doniseis-epi-tesseris-mines-sto-arkalohori/ |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=Proto Thema |date=27 September 2021}} The increased activity started on 1 June 2021 and continued until the noon of 25 September 2021 (last event on 13:11:13.0 UTC). The largest foreshock of Mw4.8 occurred on 24 July 2021. Spatially the foreshock activity concentrated a relatively small area covering only partly the area that was later occupied by the southern aftershock cluster. The foreshock's focal depths ranged between 5 and 20 km with an average of 10.6 ± 2.3 km.

A warning was issued on Facebook to Arkalochori and the surrounding area by a scientist at the Athens Geodynamic Institute after a magnitude 3.7 foreshock occurred the week before.{{cite news |title=Earthquake in Crete: The "warning" post of Celenti on Facebook last Thursday |url=https://www.thetoc.gr/koinwnia/best-of-internet/seismos-stin-kriti-i-proeidopoiitiki-anartisi-tselenti-sto-facebook-tin-perasmeni-pempti/ |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=The TOC |date=27 September 2021}}

Following the earthquake were more than 10 aftershocks greater or equal to magnitude 4.0. The strongest aftershock was a {{M|w}} 5.3 occurring the day later.{{cite web |title=M 5.3 – 4 km WNW of Arkalochóri, Greece |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000ff36/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=28 September 2021 |date=28 September 2021}} The strongest aftershock had a maximum intensity of VIII (Severe), collapsing several already damaged but unoccupied homes.{{cite news |title=Crete Buildings in Arkalochori collapsed after the 5.4 magnitude earthquake |url=https://www.cna.gr/crete/kriti-katerreysan-ktiria-sto-arkalochori-meta-ton-seismo-ton-5-4-richter/ |access-date=28 September 2021 |agency=cna.gr |date=28 September 2021}}{{cite web |title=Seismic Stations |url=http://shakemaps.itsak.gr/auth2021szri/stationlist.html |website=ITSAK |access-date=28 September 2021}} A total of 2,000 aftershocks were recorded. The aftershocks were groupped in a southern and northern cluster. The southern cluster is the most extensive one, nearly overlaps with the deformation area. The seismogenic layer of aftershocks ranges in depth from 5 to about 20 km with the average depth being 15.1 ± 4.1 km. All the earthquakes of magnitude ≥ 4.0 that occurred in the entire foreshock-main shock-aftershock sequence ruptured within the southern aftershock cluster. Additionally, the largest aftershocks of magnitude ≥ 4.6 occurred within the first three days from the mainshock occurrence.

Local officials said strong aftershocks with the potential to cause further damage is expected, and that it is not abnormal. The aftershock sequence is expected to last 20 to 30 days after the mainshock, and residents were urged not to approach any damaged buildings.{{cite news |title=Arkalochori: "Earthquakes will continue for 1 month, they aggravate the problem" |url=https://www.ieidiseis.gr/ellada/112455/arkaloxori-oi-metaseismoi-tha-synexistoyn-gia-1-mina-epideinonoun-to-provlima |access-date=4 October 2021 |agency=iEidiseis |date=4 October 2021 |language=Greek}}

According to the Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (ITSAK), the instrumentally recorded peak ground acceleration (pga) was 0.82 g in Arkalochori.{{cite web |title=Seismic Stations |url=http://shakemaps.itsak.gr/auth2021sxyu/stationlist.html|publisher=Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering |access-date=27 September 2021 |date=27 September 2021}} This exceeded the building codes strength as they are only enforced for pga values of 0.24 g. A University of Bristol professor in earthquake engineering said that such pga values are unsurprising as the town is located close to the earthquake rupture. The pga in this event is significantly higher than the one at Larissa during the March 2021 earthquake.{{cite news |last1=Rapanis |first1=Stefanos |title=Earthquake in Crete – Sextus: Double seismic accelerations compared to construction design |url=https://www.ethnos.gr/ellada/175792_seismos-stin-kriti-sextos-diplasies-seismikes-epitahynseis-se-sygkrisi-me-ton |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=ethnos.gr |date=27 September 2021}}

About two weeks after the event a magnitude 6.4 earthquake struck the eastern part of Crete.{{cite web |title=M 6.4 – 0 km SSE of Palekastro, Greece |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000ftxu/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=12 October 2021 |date=12 October 2021}} The second earthquake was said to have been unconnected to this earthquake but was instead the possible activation of the eastern portion of the seismic arc located nearby.{{Cite web|date=2021-10-12|title=Σεισμός στην Κρήτη – Λέκκας: Πιθανή ενεργοποίηση στο ανατολικό τμήμα του σεισμικού τόξου – Δόνηση 3,3R και στην Κάσο|url=https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1170433/seismos-stin-kriti-lekkas-pithani-energopoiisi-sto-anatoliko-tmima-tou-seismikou-toxou-donisi-33r-kai-stin-kaso/|access-date=2021-10-12|website=ProtoThema|language=el}} Despite being larger the September 27 quake, the shock caused no casualties. Severe damage was reported in Zakros, where a church collapsed.{{cite news |author1=ΤοΒΗΜΑ Team |title=Τσελέντης για σεισμό στην Κρήτη – Δεν έχει σχέση με το Αρκαλοχώρι – Ο κόσμος να είναι ιδιαίτερα προσεκτικός|trans-title=Celentis for earthquake in Crete – It has nothing to do with Arkalochori – People should be especially careful |url=https://www.tovima.gr/2021/10/12/society/tselentis-gia-seismo-stin-kriti-den-exei-sxesi-me-to-arkaloxori-o-kosmos-na-einai-idiaitera-prosektikos/ |access-date=12 October 2021 |agency=Το Βήμα Online |date=12 October 2021 |language=Greek}}

File:2021 Heraklion earthquake damage.jpg

According to local officials, more than 5,000 structures were destroyed, damaged or unsafe for use.

At Arkalochori, 80% of the town's buildings were damaged with varying extent.{{cite news |title=Κρήτη – "Το 80% των κτισμάτων του Αρκαλοχωρίου έχει ζημιές" [Crete – "80% of the buildings in Arkalochori are damaged"] |url=https://www.in.gr/2021/09/28/greece/kriti-80-ton-ktismaton-tou-arkaloxoriou-exei-zimies/ |access-date=28 September 2021 |agency=In.gr |date=28 September 2021}} A preliminary inspection of the town found that 60% of the town's buildings were damaged. In Heraklion, 40 schools were confirmed damaged.{{cite news |title=Heraklion – earthquake: Ladder of the Ministry of Infrastructure in the affected areas – Damage to 60% of the houses |url=https://www.ertnews.gr/eidiseis/ellada/irakleio-seismos-klimakio-toy-yp-ypodomon-stis-pligeises-perioches-sto-arkalochori-o-perifereiarchis-s-arnaoytakis/ |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=Athens News Agency |publisher=ERT News |date=27 September 2021 |language=Greek}} One person died when the church he was working in collapsed. The son of the man who perished was also injured in the collapse. Another person was trapped in the collapse of a house.{{cite news |title=5.8 magnitude earthquake shakes Crete – Two trapped in a house wreck |url=https://www.news247.gr/koinonia/ischyros-seismos-5-8-richter-stin-kriti.9369217.html |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=News 24/7 |date=27 September 2021 |language=Greek}} Thirty-five individuals were also injured, two with fractured bones and the rest minor abrasions, all treated at nearby medical facilities.{{cite news |title=Earthquake – Crete: Athens Observatory directly installs a portable network of seismographs |url=https://www.ertnews.gr/eidiseis/ellada/seismos-kriti-to-asteroskopeio-athinon-topothetei-amesa-forito-diktyo-seismografon/ |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=Athens News Agency |publisher=ERT News |date=27 September 2021}} Among the injured were a pair who suffered minor head injuries due to falling rocks. Two seniors were transported to a hospital following orthopedic injuries.{{cite news |title=Earthquake in Crete: Seven people were transported by ambulance to health facilities |url=https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1165225/seismos-stin-kriti-epta-anthropoi-metaferthikan-me-asthenofora-se-domes-ugeias/ |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=Proto Thema |date=27 September 2021}} Landslides near Profitis Ilias resulted in the closure of roads leading to the town, and damaging at least one vehicle.

Kato Poulies, located in the Minoa Pediada municipality was nearly destroyed, with only two homes left intact. The other homes were badly damaged and at the risk of collapse. Many of the village residents became homeless and sought refuge under a tree. A supermarket in nearby Arkalochori provided the displaced residents with drinking water.{{cite news |title=Except for two, all the houses in the village of Kato Poulies are uninhabitable, with the residents in despair. |url=https://www.news247.gr/koinonia/seismos-stin-kriti-katastrafike-ena-olokliro-chorio.9369499.html |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=News 24/7 |date=27 September 2021}}

A new inspection of 415 homes in the Heraklion area found that 11 were damaged beyond repair, 292 requiring repair, and 40 safe for use. At least 52 schools in the Municipality of Heraklion were damaged. In the Archanes-Asterousia municipality, the quake damaged 10. In total, 89 schools were affected in municipalities including Minoa Plain, Gortyna, Hersonissos, Phaistos, and Malevizi.{{cite web |author1=Kyriakos Koronaios |title=Earthquake in Crete: At least 89 schools have problems – Big damage in Arkalochori, Kastelli |url=https://www.newsbomb.gr/ellada/seismoi/story/1237552/seismos-stin-kriti-toylaxiston-89-sxoleia-exoyn-provlimata |website=newsbomb.gr |date=29 September 2021 |access-date=29 September 2021}} By October 1, inspectors had surveyed 2,613 homes across five municipalities, finding at least 1,784 unafe for use.{{cite news |title=Earthquake in Crete: The number of unsuitable buildings is increasing |url=https://www.ethnos.gr/ellada/176448_seismos-stin-kriti-ayxanetai-o-arithmos-ton-akatallilon-ktirion |access-date=4 October 2021 |agency=ethnos.gr |date=4 October 2021 |language=Greek}} Inspectors found 106 buildings for business unsuitable during the survey.{{cite web |title=Earthquake in Crete: 772 houses are uninhabitable |url=https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1166182/seismos-stin-kriti-772-spitia-einai-mi-katoikisima/ |website=Proto Thema |access-date=30 September 2021 |date=29 September 2021}} The number of unsafe warehouses totaled to 184 after the inspection.

On 30 September, a volunteer cook in Arkalochori suffered a fall when he lost his balance while resting on a windowsill. The person sustained injuries and was transported to the temporary health center for treatment.{{cite news |title=Earthquake in Crete: Konstantinos Polychronopoulos, who was helping voluntarily, was injured in Arkalochori |url=https://www.protothema.gr/greece/article/1166378/seismos-stin-kriti-traumatistike-ethelodis-sto-arkalohori/ |access-date=30 September 2021 |agency=Proto Thema |date=30 September 2021 |language=Greek}}

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The Minister of Climate Crisis and Civil Protection of Greece, Christos Stylianides is to have flown to Crete.{{cite news |title=Σεισμός 5,8 Ρίχτερ στην Κρήτη: Αναφορές για 3 εγκλωβισμένους σε Αρκαλοχώρι και Πατσίδερο -Επεσαν 2 εκκλησίες, ζημιές σε σπίτια |language=el |trans-title=5.8 magnitude earthquake shakes Crete: Reports of 3 trapped in Arkalochori and Patsidero – 2 churches fell, houses damaged |url=https://www.iefimerida.gr/ellada/seismos-58-rihter-stin-kriti-treis-egklobismenoi-se-arkalohori-kai-patsidero-epesan-2 |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=iefimerida.gr |date=27 September 2021}} Nikos Syrigonakis, vice-governor of Heraklion said that all schools within the administrative region would be closed until further notice.{{cite news |title=Deadly earthquake in Crete |url=https://www.efsyn.gr/ellada/koinonia/312116_fonikos-seismos-stin-kriti?__cf_chl_managed_tk__=pmd_B3t5dKF4oorexlLLyDim..TP47QzRmOGwEAW3vbxrZE-1632730352-0-gqNtZGzNAyWjcnBszQi9 |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=Efimerida ton Syntakton |date=27 September 2021 |language=Greek}} Greek Deputy Regional Minister of Education Efi Koutentaki added that all schools in the Heraklion regional unit are to be closed for two days in order to allow damage evaluation works.{{cite news |title=The schools in the regional unit of Heraklion are closed on Tuesday and Wednesday |url=https://www.athina984.gr/en/2021/09/27/kleista-ayrio-kai-methayrio-ta-scholeia-stin-perifereiaki-enotita-irakleioy/ |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=Athens 98.4 FM |date=27 September 2021}} Some 20 engineers from the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport were assigned to evaluate and inspect the buildings on the island. Thirty firefighters from the Hellenic Fire Service were flown into Crete via a C-130 aircraft, along with rescue dogs and equipment.{{cite news |author1=Alexandros Kalafatis |title=Earthquake in Crete: Alarm at the Fire Brigade – Rescue dogs and EMAK go with C-130 |url=https://www.newsbomb.gr/ellada/seismoi/story/1236875/seismos-stin-kriti-synagermos-stin-pyrosvestiki-metavainoyn-diasostikoi-skyloi-kai-emak-me-c-130 |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=News Bomb}} According to Stylianidis, local officials have set-up tents for the temporary accommodation of up to 2,500 people.{{cite news |title=Earthquake in Crete: 2,500 scenes for earthquake victims – What the experts say |url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/society/561514171/seismos-stin-kriti-skines-gia-2-500-pligentes-ti-lene-oi-eidikoi/ |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=Kathimerini |date=27 September 2021}} Authorities in Greece have urged local residents to stay away from damaged buildings due to the risk of collapse.{{cite news |title=Ελλάδα Σεισμός στην Κρήτη- Μήνυμα από το 112 στους κατοίκους |url=https://www.lifo.gr/now/greece/seismos-stin-kriti-minyma-apo-112-stoys-katoikoys |access-date=27 September 2021 |agency=lifo.gr |date=27 September 2021}} The Ministry of Health of Crete have set-up a health facility overnight to respond to the injured and sick.{{cite news |title=Σεισμός στο Ηράκλειο: Έστησαν Κέντρο Υγείας σε σκηνή του στρατού στο Αρκαλοχώρι |url=https://www.grtimes.gr/ellada/koinwnia/seismos-sto-irakleio-estisan-kentro-ygeias-se-skini |access-date=28 September 2021 |agency=grtimes.gr |date=28 September 2021}} Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis was expected to arrive on the island at 16:00 local time, alongside other officials and ministers.{{cite news |author1=NewsRoom |title=Earthquake in Crete: New collapses in Arkalochori due to the 5.4R vibration |url=https://www.mononews.gr/society/sismos-stin-kriti-nees-katarrefsis-sto-arkalochori-apo-ti-donisi-ton-54r |access-date=28 September 2021 |agency=mononews.gr |date=28 September 2021}}

A basic compensation of 600 euros would be handled by the government to each affected household. An additional 600 euros would be given to families whose homes were damaged, and each disabled family member will also receive another 600 euros. Households will get another 6,000 euros to do repair works for their damaged homes. Injured individuals are also given 4,500 euros in financial assistance.{{cite news |title=How will the earthquake victims of Crete be compensated? |url=https://www.cnn.gr/oikonomia/story/283143/pos-tha-apozimiothoyn-oi-seismopliktoi-tis-kritis |access-date=28 September 2021 |publisher=CNN Greece |date=28 September 2021}} A quick compensation of 5,000 and 8,000 euros were given to individuals to replace damaged household and business items. Telecommunication costs for the victims were also covered.{{cite news |title=Earthquake in Crete: "What happened in Damasi should not happen in Arkalochori" say Pappas – Zachariadis |url=https://www.larissapress.gr/2021/09/28/seismos-stin-kriti-na-mi-ginei-sto-arkalochori-oti-egine-sto-damasi-lene-pappas-zachariadis/ |access-date=28 September 2021 |agency=LarissaPress |date=28 September 2021}}

The Crete Half Marathon originally scheduled to take place in Arkalochori on October 3 was cancelled.{{cite news |title=Cancellation of the Crete Half Marathon after the deadly earthquake in Arkalochori |url=https://www.documentonews.gr/article/akyrosi-toy-hmimarathonioy-kritis-meta-to-foniko-seismo-sto-arkaloxori/ |access-date=29 September 2021 |agency=DocumentoNews |date=29 September 2021}}

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