2034 Bernoulli
{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 2034 Bernoulli
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovered = 5 March 1973
| discoverer = P. Wild
| discovery_site = Zimmerwald Obs.
| mpc_name = (2034) Bernoulli
| alt_names = 1973 EE{{·}}1941 SQ
1958 XT{{·}}{{mp|1978 VT|13}}
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|b|ər|ˈ|n|u:|l|i}}
| named_after = Bernoulli family
{{nowrap|{{small|(Jacob, Johann, Daniel)}}}}
| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(inner)}}
| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 65.74 yr (24,012 days)
| aphelion = 2.6516 AU
| perihelion = 1.8408 AU
| semimajor = 2.2462 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1805
| period = 3.37 yr (1,230 days)
| mean_anomaly = 149.50°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2928|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 8.5541°
| asc_node = 19.055°
| arg_peri = 64.138°
| dimensions = {{val|7.780|0.102}}
{{val|8.483|0.050}} km
9.40 km {{small|(calculated)}}
| rotation = {{val|6.248|0.001}} h
| albedo = {{val|0.1710|0.0333}}
0.20 {{small|(assumed)}}
{{val|0.220|0.051}}
| spectral_type = S
| abs_magnitude = 12.5{{·}}12.9
}}
2034 Bernoulli ({{IPAc-en|b|ər|ˈ|n|u:|l|i}}), provisional designation {{mp|1973 EE}}, is a stony asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter.
The asteroid was discovered on 5 March 1973, by Swiss astronomer Paul Wild at Zimmerwald Observatory near Bern, Switzerland, and named for the members of the Bernoulli family.
Orbit and classification
Bernoulli orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,230 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 9° with respect to the ecliptic. The first used precovery was taken at Palomar Observatory in 1951, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 22 years prior to its official discovery, while the first unused observation was made ten years earlier at Uccle Observatory in 1941.
Physical characteristics
Bernoulli is an assumed, common, stony S-type asteroid.
= Rotation period =
A rotational lightcurve of Bernoulli was obtained from photometric observations by Michael Alkema at the U.S. Elephant Head Observatory ({{small|G35}}), Arizona, in December 2012. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of {{val|6.248}} hours with a brightness variation of 0.21 magnitude ({{small|U=2+}}).
= Diameter and albedo =
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's space-based Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Bernoulli measures 7.8 and 8.5 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.17 and 0.22, respectively, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 9.4 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.5.
Naming
This minor planet was named in honour of the Bernoulli family, a dynasty of mathematicians from the city of Basel, Switzerland. In particular, Jacob Bernoulli (1654–1705), founder of the calculus of variations, Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782), co-founder of hydrodynamics, and Johann Bernoulli (1667–1748), contributor to integral calculus and the teacher of Leonhard Euler, after whom the minor planet 2002 Euler is named.
The lunar crater Bernoulli also honors the Swiss dynasty. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 June 1980 ({{small|M.P.C. 5359}}).
References
{{reflist|30em|refs=
|type = 2017-05-05 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2034 Bernoulli (1973 EE)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002034
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|accessdate = 10 June 2017}}
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (2034) Bernoulli
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 165
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2035 |chapter = (2034) Bernoulli }}
|title = 2034 Bernoulli (1973 EE)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2034
|accessdate = 16 May 2016}}
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|accessdate = 16 May 2016}}
|title = LCDB Data for (2034) Bernoulli
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=2034%7CBernoulli
|accessdate = 16 May 2016}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...90M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407
|access-date= 16 May 2016}}
|author = Alkema, Michael S.
|date = July 2013
|title = Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Elephant Head Observatory: 2012 November - 2013 April
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2013MPBu...40..133A
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 40
|issue = 3
|pages = 133–137
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2013MPBu...40..133A
|access-date= 1 November 2015}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date = August 2014
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2014ApJ...791..121M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 791
|issue = 2
|page = 11
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv = 1406.6645
|access-date= 8 December 2016}}
}}
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