2035 Stearns
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 2035 Stearns
| background = #FA8072
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discoverer = J. B. Gibson
| discovery_site = El Leoncito Complex
| discovered = 21 September 1973
| mpc_name = (2035) Stearns
| alt_names = 1973 SC{{·}}1973 UG
| pronounced =
| named_after = Carl Leo Stearns
{{small|(American astronomer)}}
| mp_category = Mars-crosser
Hungaria
| epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 44.35 yr (16,199 d)
| aphelion = 2.1317 AU
| perihelion = 1.6366 AU
| semimajor = 1.8841 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1314
| period = 2.59 yr (945 d)
| mean_anomaly = 134.07°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.3811|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 27.751°
| asc_node = 77.035°
| arg_peri = 200.71°
| moid = 0.6305 AU (245 LD)
| mars_moid = 0.1655 AU
| mean_diameter = {{val|4.82|0.52|ul=km}}
{{val|5.28|u=km}} {{small|(derived)}}
{{val|6.00|1.20|u=km}}
| rotation = {{val|51.89|0.20|ul=h}}
{{val|85|0.1|u=h}}
{{val|93|1|u=h}}{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Stephens}}
| albedo = {{val|0.40}} {{small|(assumed)}}
{{val|0.443|0.177}}
{{val|0.65|0.30}}
| spectral_type = Tholen {{=}} E
SMASS {{=}} Xe
B–V {{=}} 0.737
U–B {{=}} 0.280
V–R {{=}} {{val|0.440}}
}}
2035 Stearns, provisional designation {{mp|1973 SC}}, is a bright Hungaria asteroid and sizable Mars-crosser inside the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|6|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 21 September 1973, by American astronomer James Gibson at the Leoncito Astronomical Complex in Argentina. The transitional E-type asteroid has a long rotation period of 93 hours. It was named after American astronomer Carl Leo Stearns.
Orbit and classification
Stearns is a dynamical Hungaria asteroid, a large group that forms the innermost dense concentration of asteroids in the Solar System. It is also a Mars-crossing asteroid, a member of the dynamically unstable group, located between the main belt and near-Earth populations, and crossing the orbit of Mars at 1.666 AU.
The asteroid orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.64–2.13 AU once every 2 years and 7 months (945 days; semi-major axis of 1.88 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13 and an inclination of 28° with respect to the ecliptic.
The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar Observatory in January 1954, nearly 20 years prior to its official discovery observation at Leoncito.
Physical characteristics
In the Tholen classification, Stearns is a bright E-type asteroid. while in the SMASS classification and Bus-DeMeo taxonomy, it is an Xe-subtype that transitions from the X-type to the E-type.
= Rotation period =
Several rotational lightcurve of Stearns have been obtained from photometric observations since 1988. Analysis of the best-rated lightcurve by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies {{Obscode|U81}} gave a rotation period of 93 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.20 magnitude ({{small|U=2+}}). This makes the asteroid as close slow rotator.{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Stephens}}
= Diameter and albedo =
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Stearns measures between 4.82 and 6.00 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.443 and 0.65. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for members of the Hungaria family of 0.40, and derives a diameter of 5.28 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 13.0.
Naming
This minor planet was named after Carl Leo Stearns (1892–1972), American astronomer at Wesleyan University and Van Vleck Observatory who measured a large number of stellar parallaxes. The official {{MoMP|2035|naming citation}} was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 November 1978 ({{small|M.P.C. 4548}}). The lunar crater Stearns was also named in his honor.
Notes
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-Stephens|1=[http://www.planetarysciences.org/plots/RDS/2035_STEARNS_2014-06-07.PNG Lightcurve plot of (2035) Stearns] with a rotation period {{val|93|1}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.20}} mag. Taken by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies (CS3) in 2014. Quality code is 2+. Summary figures at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=2035%7CStearns LCDB].}}
}}
References
{{reflist|30em|refs=
|type = 2018-01-27 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2035 Stearns (1973 SC)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2002035
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|accessdate = 25 May 2018}}
|title = 2035 Stearns (1973 SC)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2035
|accessdate = 25 May 2018}}
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008)
|chapter = Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs
|last = Schmadel |first=Lutz D.
|year = 2009
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 221
|isbn = 978-3-642-01964-7
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4|bibcode = 2009dmpn.book.....S
|url = https://cds.cern.ch/record/1339661
}}
|title = Asteroid 2035 Stearns
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=2035+Stearns
|accessdate = 25 May 2018}}
|title = LCDB Data for (2035) Stearns
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=2035%7CStearns
|accessdate = 25 May 2018}}
|first1 = V. |last1 = Alí-Lagoa
|first2 = M. |last2 = Delbo'
|date = July 2017
|title = Sizes and albedos of Mars-crossing asteroids from WISE/NEOWISE data
|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
|volume = 603
|page = 8
|bibcode = 2017A&A...603A..55A
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201629917
|arxiv = 1705.10263
}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = J. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = E. |last7 = Kramer
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = R. |last9 = Stevenson
|first10 = E. L. |last10 = Wright
|date = December 2015
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 814
|issue = 2
|page = 13
|bibcode = 2015ApJ...814..117N
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117
|arxiv = 1509.02522
}}
|author = Warner, Brian D.
|date = July 2011
|title = Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2010 December- 2011 March
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 38
|issue = 3
|pages = 142–149
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2011MPBu...38..142W
}}
|author = Stephens, Robert D.
|date = October 2014
|title = Asteroids Observed from CS3: 2014 April-June
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 41
|issue = 4
|pages = 226–230
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2014MPBu...41..226S
}}
|first1 = V. G. |last1 = Shevchenko
|first2 = Yu. N. |last2 = Krugly
|first3 = V. G. |last3 = Chiorny
|first4 = I. N. |last4 = Belskaya
|first5 = N. M. |last5 = Gaftonyuk
|date = August 2003
|title = Rotation and photometric properties of E-type asteroids
|journal = Planetary and Space Science
|volume = 51
|issue = 9–10
|pages = 525–532
|bibcode = 2003P&SS...51..525S
|doi = 10.1016/S0032-0633(03)00076-X
}}
|first1 = W. Z. |last1 = Wisniewski
|first2 = T. M. |last2 = Michalowski
|first3 = A. W. |last3 = Harris
|first4 = R. S. |last4 = McMillan
|date = March 1995
|title = Photoelectric Observations of 125 Asteroids
|journal = Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
|volume = 26
|pages = 1511
|bibcode = 1995LPI....26.1511W
}}
}}
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