25 Phocaea

Phocaea was discovered on 6 April 1853, by French astronomer Jean Chacornac at Marseille Observatory in southern France. It was his first asteroid discovery out of a total of six.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} The asteroid was named after the ancient Ionian Greek city of Phocaea, modern-day Foça in Turkey, where the founders of Marseille came from. The naming was proposed by French astronomer Benjamin Valz.

Phocaea is the parent body and namesake of the Phocaea family ({{small|701}}), a large asteroid family of stony asteroids in the inner main belt.{{rp|23}}

It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.8–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,358 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.25 and an inclination of 22° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins at Vienna Observatory in March 1860, almost 7 years after its official discovery observation at Marseille.

Phocaea is a stony S-type asteroid in both the Tholen and SMASS classification, and has also been characterized as such by others.

Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico during 2010 gave a lightcurve with a period of 9.9341 ± 0.0002 hours. The brightness near the deepest minimum of the light curve showed changes with phase angle, which is the result of shadows extending across surface irregularities. Several other lightcurves have also been obtained.

Phocaea has also been studied by radar.

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Phocaea measures between 61.05 and 83.21 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.189 and 0.350.

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is, an albedo of 0.2310 and a diameter of 75.13 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 7.83.

The asteroid has a mass of (5.99 ± 0.60) × 10¹⁷ kilograms and a mean density of {{val|2.21|0.44}} grams per cubic centimeters, which lies approximately in between the density of limestone and concrete/gravel.

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• [https://web.archive.org/web/20150910160225/http://www.asteroidoccultation.com/observations/Results/Data2006/20061003PhocaeaNugentProfile.jpg 2006-Oct-03 Occultation] / [https://web.archive.org/web/20120428111824/http://www.asteroidoccultation.com/observations/Results/index2006.html (2006 Asteroidal Occultation Results for North America)]
• [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
• [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
• [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
• [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
• {{AstDys|25}}
• {{JPL small body}}

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Category:Discoveries by Jean Chacornac

Category:Named minor planets

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