25th Division (Spain)
{{Use British English|date=April 2025}}
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{{Infobox military unit
| unit_name = 25th Division
| native_name = 25.ª División
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| dates = 28 April 1937 - 27 March 1939
| disbanded = 27 March 1939
| country = {{flag|Spanish Republic}}
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| allegiance = Republican faction
| branch = 22px Spanish Republican Army
| type = Infantry
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| size = Division
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| battles = *Spanish Civil War
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The 25th Division was one of the divisions of the Spanish Republican Army that were organised during the Spanish Civil War on the basis of the Mixed Brigades. It participated in the battles of Huesca, Belchit, Teruel and Levante.
History
The division was created in April 1937, within the incipient Eastern Army. It was organised from the old Jubert Division,{{Sfn|Engel|1999|p=105}}{{Sfn|Zaragoza|1983|p=53}} which in turn had been the former Ortiz Column of anarchist militiamen.{{Sfn|Martínez Bande|1970|p=198}}
The new unit was made up of the 116th, 117th, 118th mixed brigades,{{Sfn|Zaragoza|1983|p=53}} and a few weeks later was integrated into the also recently created 12th Army Corps. In June it participated in the Huesca Offensive. On the night of 9–10 June, troops from the 25th Division began a diversionary action on the enemy front,{{Sfn | Maldonado | 2007 | p = 180}}{{Sfn | Cardona | 2006 | p = 167}} occupying various positions; The general operation, however, did not yield the desired results and would eventually fail. At the end of August some of its units took part in the Zaragoza Offensive —especially, the 116th Mixed Brigade,{{refn | group = n. | The 116th Mixed Brigade would intervene in the operation integrated into the so-called "D" Group, commanded by Juan Modesto; The 117th Mixed Brigade, for its part, was located in front of Belchit, while the 118th Mixed Brigade would operate separately — as well as the 131st Mixed Brigade, of the 30th Division.{{Sfn | Martínez Bande | 1973 | p = 92}}}} standing out significantly during the Battle of Belchit.{{Sfn | Pagès i Blanch | 2007 | p = 239}} However, the commander of the division, Antonio Ortiz Ramírez, was dismissed after the battle of Belchit and replaced by Miguel García Vivancos.{{Sfn | Alpert | 2013 | p = 143}}
In December, during the Battle of Teruel, it was integrated together with the 11th Division into the 22nd Army Corps.{{Sfn | Thomas | 1976 | p = 848}} The forces of the 25th Division managed to conquer the Old Cemetery, the Hermitage of Santa Bárbara and the position of «El Mansueto» , although they came out of the fighting very broken. After the battle was over, the unit was placed in the rear as a reserve force. During the Aragon Offensive, in March 1938, the unit was forced to withdraw due to enemy pressure.{{Sfn | Maldonado | 2007 | p = 479}} It ended up retreating to the south of the Ebro, after the Republican zone was cut in two. During these weeks the division was attached to various army corps.
Later it was integrated into the 17th Army Corps, together with the 40th and 65th divisions.{{Sfn | Juan Navarro | 2010 | p = 34n | pp =}} Between May and July it intervened very actively in the Levante Offensive, taking outstanding action during the republican defence of Caudiel.{{Sfn | Juan Navarro | 2010 | p = 34n | pp =}} For the remainder of the war, the unit remained at rest, not participating in any further interventions.
Leaders
;Commanders
- Antonio Ortiz Ramírez;{{Sfn|Zaragoza|1983|p=59}}
- Miguel García Vivancos;{{Sfn|Alpert|2013|p=334}}
- Manuel Cristóbal Errandonea;{{Sfn|Martínez Bande|1975|p=36}}
- Eusebio Sanz Asensio;{{Sfn|Martínez Bande|1977|p=75}}
- Víctor Álvarez González{{Sfn|Maldonado|2007|p=471}}
;Commissars
- Saturnino Carod Lerín;{{Sfn|Álvarez|1989|p=188}}
- Antonio Ejarque Pina{{Sfn|Téllez|1996|p=64}}
;Chief of Staff
- Alfredo Navarro Sanganetti{{Sfn|Maldonado|2007|p=242}}
Battles
See also
Notes
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References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book | last = Alpert | first = Michael |title = The Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 | year = 2013 | publisher = Cambridge University Press }}
- {{cite book| last= Álvarez |first= Santiago |title= Los comisarios políticos en el Ejército Popular de la República |publisher= Ediciós do Castro |year= 1989 |language=es}}
- {{Cite book| first= Gabriel | last= Cardona |title= Historia militar de una guerra civil. Estrategias y tácticas de la guerra de España |publisher= Flor del Viento Ediciones |year= 2006|language=es}}
- {{cite book| last =Engel| first = Carlos| title = Historia de las Brigadas Mixtas del Ejército Popular de la República| year = 1999| publisher = Madrid, Almena| isbn = 84-922644-7-0|language=es}}
- {{cite book|last=Juan Navarro|first=Ramón|title=Resistir es vencer. El frente de Viver en la Guerra Civil española|publisher=Lulu.com|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4466-9664-4|language=es}}
- {{cite book| first= José María |last= Maldonado |title= El frente de Aragón. La Guerra Civil en Aragón (1936-1938) |publisher= Mira Editores |year= 2007|language=es}}
- {{cite book| first= José Manuel | last= Martínez Bande|title= La Invasión de Aragón y el desembarco en Mallorca |publisher= Ed. San Martín |location= Madrid |year= 1970|language=es}}
- {{cite book |last = Martínez Bande | first = José Manuel | title = La Gran ofensiva sobre Zaragoza | year = 1973 | publisher = Editorial San Martín |location= Madrid|language=es}}
- {{cite book |first= José Manuel |last= Martínez Bande |title= La llegada al mar |publisher= Editorial San Martín |location= Madrid |year= 1975|language=es}}
- {{cite book |first= José Manuel |last= Martínez Bande |title= La ofensiva sobre Valencia |publisher= Editorial San Martín |location= Madrid |year= 1977 |language=es}}
- {{cite book| first= Pelai | last= Pagès i Blanch |title= Cataluña en guerra y en revolución (1936-1939) |publisher= Espuela de Plata |year= 2007|language=es}}
- {{cite book| last = Salas Larrazábal |first=Ramón |title=Historia del Ejército Popular de la República |year=2006 |publisher=La Esfera de los Libros |isbn=84-9734-465-0|language=es}}
- {{cite book|first= Antonio |last= Téllez |title= La Red de Evasión del Grupo Ponzán. Anarquistas en la guerra secreta contra el franquismo y el nazismo (1936-1944) |publisher= Editorial Virus |location= Barcelona |year= 1996|language=es}}
- {{cite book|last= Thomas |first= Hugh |title= Historia de la Guerra Civil Española |year= 1976 |publisher= Círculo de Lectores |location= Barcelona |isbn= 84-226-0874-X }}
- {{cite book| first= Cristóbal |last= Zaragoza |title= Ejército Popular y Militares de la República, 1936-1939 |publisher= Ed. Planeta |location= Barcelona |year= 1983|language=es}}
{{Divisions of the Spanish Republic|state=expanded}}
Category:Military units and formations established in 1937
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1939
Category:Military units and formations of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
Category:Military history of Spain
Category:Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic
Category:1937 establishments in Spain