2K resolution
{{Short description|Display devices or content having horizontal resolution of approximately 2,000 pixels}}
{{distinguish|1440p|1080p}}
{{Wide image|Vector Video Standards8.svg|500px|This chart shows the most common display resolutions, with the color of each resolution type indicating the display ratio (e.g. red indicates a 4:3 ratio).|46%|right|alt=This chart shows the most common display resolutions, with the color of each resolution type indicating the display ratio (e.g. red indicates a 4:3 ratio).}}
2K resolution is a generic term for display devices or content having a horizontal resolution of approximately 2,000 pixels.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMYR00OxN8EC&pg=PA125 |title=Digital Intermediates for Film and Video |isbn=978-0-240-80702-7 |publisher=Focal Press |access-date=April 19, 2014 |year=2006 |page=125 |first=Jack |last=James}} In the movie projection industry, Digital Cinema Initiatives is the dominant standard for 2K output and defines a 2K format with a resolution of {{resx|2048|1080}}.{{cite web |url=http://dcimovies.com/specification/DCI_DCSS_v12_with_errata_2012-1010.pdf |title=Digital Cinema System Specification |date=10 October 2012 |publisher=Digital Cinema Initiatives |access-date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=27 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527180135/http://dcimovies.com/specification/DCI_DCSS_v12_with_errata_2012-1010.pdf |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.edcf.net/edcf_docs/DCI%20and%20OTHER%20Film%20Formats.pdf |title=DCI and OTHER Film Formats |last1=Swinson |first1=Peter R |date=November 2005 |access-date=2015-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182303/http://www.edcf.net/edcf_docs/DCI%20and%20OTHER%20Film%20Formats.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }} For television and consumer media, the dominant resolution in the same class is 1080p, but in the cinema industry this is generally referred to as HD and distinguished from the various 2K cinema formats.{{cite book|last=Ascher|first=Steven|title=The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age|publisher=Penguin|year=2012|edition=Fourth|isbn=978-0-452-29728-9|pages=10,71,685}}{{rp|page=71,685}}
Resolutions
| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Examples of 2K resolutions | |||
| Format | Resolution | Display aspect ratio | Pixels |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2K scan from 35{{nbsp}}film (typical) | {{resx|2048|1556}} | 1.32:1 (512:389, ≈4:3) | 3,186,688 |
| DCI 2K (native resolution) | {{resx|2048|1080}} | 1.90:1 (256:135, ≈17:9) | 2,211,840 |
| DCI 2K (flat cropped) | {{resx|1998|1080}} | 1.85:1 | 2,157,840 |
| DCI 2K (CinemaScope cropped) | {{resx|2048|858}} | 2.39:1 | 1,755,136 |
| QXGA
| {{resx|2048|1536}} | 1.33:1 (4:3) | 3,145,728 | |||
| WUXGA
| {{resx|1920|1200}} | 1.60:1 (16:10) | 2,304,000 | |||
| Full HD
| {{resx|1920|1080}} | 1.78:1 (16:9) | 2,073,600 | |||
| QWXGA
| {{resx|2048|1152}} | 1.78:1 (16:9) | 2,359,296 |
Standards and terminology
In the cinematography industry, 2K resolution traditionally refers to a digital scan of 35{{nbsp}}mm film with a resolution around 2000 pixels wide. Typically this is done at {{resx|2048|1556}}, but the exact dimensions vary based on the aspect ratio and size of the scan area.{{cite book|last=Ascher|first=Steven|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3NFAbjYD8MkC|title=The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age|publisher=Penguin|year=2007|isbn=978-045-2-286-788|pages=189, 714|accessdate=March 29, 2015}}{{rp|page=714}}
In modern cinema, another common 2K resolution is {{resx|2048|1080}}. This is the resolution of the 2K container format standardized by DCI in their Digital Cinema System Specification in 2005. The resolution of the encapsulated video content follows the SMPTE 428-1 standard,{{cite web|title=Digital Cinema System Specification Version 1.2 with Errata as of 30 August 2012 Incorporated|url=http://dcimovies.com/specification/DCI_DCSS_v12_with_errata_2012-1010.pdf|publisher=Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC|access-date=April 29, 2018|date=October 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527180135/http://dcimovies.com/specification/DCI_DCSS_v12_with_errata_2012-1010.pdf|archive-date=2016-05-27|url-status=dead}}{{rp|at=§3.2.1}} which establishes the following resolutions for a 2K distribution:{{Citation |title=SMPTE 428-1-2006: D-Cinema Distribution Master - Image Characteristics|publisher=Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE)|date=September 29, 2006}}{{rp|page=6}}
- {{resx|2048|1080}} (full frame, {{ratio|256|135}} or {{ratio|≈1.90|1}} aspect ratio)
- {{resx|1998|1080}} (flat crop, {{ratio|1.85|1}} aspect ratio)
- {{resx|2048|858}} (CinemaScope crop, {{ratio|≈2.39|1}} aspect ratio)
However, the term 2K itself is generic, was not coined by DCI, and does not refer specifically to the DCI 2K standard. Usage of the term 2K predates the publication of the DCI standard.{{Cite web|date=2004-03-25|title=Defining_2K_and_4K|url=https://www.cinematography.net/edited-pages/Defining_2K_and_4K.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222175652/https://www.cinematography.net/edited-pages/Defining_2K_and_4K.htm|archive-date=2018-12-22|access-date=2021-08-18|website=www.cinematography.net}}{{Cite web|date=2003-06-24|title=CGTalk {{!}} 2K Film Resolution|url=http://forums.cgsociety.org/t/2k-film-resolution/694549|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222175833/http://forums.cgsociety.org/t/2k-film-resolution/694549|archive-date=2018-12-22|access-date=2021-08-18|website=forums.cgsociety.org}}{{Cite web|date=2002-09-26|title=what resolution/ratio/frame rate? : Cinema 4D|url=https://forums.creativecow.net/docs/forums/post.php?forumid=19&postid=182104&univpostid=182104&pview=t&archive=T|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430113916/https://forums.creativecow.net/docs/forums/post.php?forumid=19&postid=182104&univpostid=182104&pview=t&archive=T|archive-date=2018-04-30|access-date=2021-08-18|website=forums.creativecow.net}} The resolution {{resx|1920|1080}} has also been referred to as a 2K resolution by other standards organizations like NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories and ITU Radiocommunication Sector (which were involved in the standardization of 1080p HDTV and 4K UHDTV).{{Cite web|date=2021-08-17|title=JOURNALS {{!}} Broadcast Technology {{!}} NHK STRL|url=https://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/english/publica/bt/68/10.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817231850/https://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/english/publica/bt/68/10.html|archive-date=2021-08-17|access-date=2021-08-18|website=www.nhk.or.jp}}{{Cite web|date=2021-08-17|title=ITU-R BT.2245-6|url=https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-BT.2245-6-2019-PDF-E.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817232127/https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-BT.2245-6-2019-PDF-E.pdf|archive-date=17 Aug 2021|access-date=2021-08-18|website=www.itu.int|page=18}} In consumer products, {{resx|2560x1440}} (1440p) is sometimes referred to as 2K,{{Cite web |title=What is Resolution of Monitor? Full HD vs 2K vs 4K |url=https://www.benq.com/en-me/knowledge-center/knowledge/what-is-resolution-of-monitor-full-hd-vs-2k-vs-4k.html |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=BenQ |language=en}} but it and similar formats are more traditionally categorized as 2.5K resolutions.{{cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/blackmagic-cinema-camera-whopping-2-5k-resolution-for-5902337 |author=Michael Hession |publisher=Gizmodo |date=16 April 2012 |title=BlackMagic Cinema Camera: Whopping 2.5K Resolution for Under $3000}}{{cite web|url=https://docs.red.com/955-0116_v7.4/955-0116_V7.4-SCARLET_W_DRAGON_Operation_Guide_v7_4.pdf |title=Scarlet-W Dragon Operation Guide V7.4.0 |publisher=RED Digital Cinema |date=11 February 2021}}{{rp|at=102}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{TV resolution}}
{{High-definition}}
{{Video formats}}