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2S12 Sani

{{Short description|Soviet and Russian heavy mortar}}

{{Infobox weapon

| name = 2S12 "Sani"

| image_size = 300

| image = 2S12 Sani (heavy mortar system).jpg

| caption = 2S12 Sani

| origin = Soviet Union / Russia

| type = Heavy mortar

| is_ranged = yes

| is_bladed =

| is_explosive =

| is_artillery = yes

| is_vehicle =

| is_missile =

| is_UK =

| service = 1981–present

| wars = Soviet–Afghan War{{cite book|title=Soviet Paratrooper vs Mujahideen Fighter: Afghanistan 1979–89|series=Combat 29|publisher=Osprey Publishing|first=David |last=Campbell|date=30 Nov 2017|isbn=9781472817648|page=19}}
First Chechen War
Second Chechen War
War in Donbas

| manufacturer = Uraltransmash Works (Ekaterinburg, Russia)
Motovilikha Plants Corporation (Perm, Russia)

| design_date = 1981

| number = 2,000+ pieces

| weight = {{convert|190.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}} without transport chassis

| crew = 4 gunners, 1 commander (plus 2 prime mover crew)

| carriage = 2F510 2×1 wheeled transport chassis, GAZ-66 4×4 truck (prime mover)

| cartridge = 120 mm HE mortar bombs

| cartridge_weight = 16 kg (35 lb)

| rate = 12 rds per minute{{Cite web |url=http://militaryforces.ru/weapon-3-56-317.html |title=120mm 2S12 Sani towed mortar |access-date=2009-07-31 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130706084751/http://militaryforces.ru/weapon-3-56-317.html |archive-date=2013-07-06 |url-status=dead }}

| range = Minimum: {{convert|0.5|km|mi|abbr=on}}
Maximum: {{convert|7.1|km|mi|abbr=on}}

| sights = MPM-44M graduated sight

| elevation = 45°–80°

| traverse = ±5° from center}}

The 2S12 "Sani" ("sleigh") (GRAU index 2S12) is a 120 mm heavy mortar system used by the Russian Army and other former Soviet states.Yanko, Eugene (December 2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=feZISH23xyQC Russian Arms 2009 Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222203616/https://books.google.com/books?id=feZISH23xyQC |date=2016-12-22 }}. Warfare.RU, p. 488. Retrieved on June 7, 2009. First fielded in 1981, the 2S12 is a continued development on the towed mortars first used in World War II.

Design

File:2S12 on GAZ-86 US Army manual.jpg

2S12 is in fact the designator for the combination of the 2B11 "Sani" heavy mortar with its transport vehicle 2F510, a GAZ-66-15 4×4 truck. The 2B11 weighs nearly 200 kg (500 lb) when fully assembled, and thus must be mounted to the 2×1 wheeled chassis 2L81 and towed to the emplacement site by the truck. The GAZ-66 prime mover also transports the ammo load: 24 {{cvt|32|kg|lb}} crates of 120mm HE mortar bombs, 2 bombs per crate, for a total of 48 available rounds.Motovilikha Plants Corporation. "[http://www.artillery-mz.com/en/products/03/120 120-mm Trailed Mortar 2S12 'Sanyi'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525011959/http://www.artillery-mz.com/en/products/03/120/ |date=2009-05-25 }}". June 6, 2009.

Once on site, it is unloaded from the transport chassis and manually emplaced by the crew of 5. It is the largest caliber indirect artillery employed at the battalion level.

There is also an improved model, the 2B11M, that can fire the laser-guided round "Gran" with a range of 7,500 m.{{Cite web |url=http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12157054@egNews |title=Masters of Artillery Fire contest to operate Sani modernised mortars |access-date=2019-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908131218/http://eng.mil.ru/en/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12157054@egNews |archive-date=2018-09-08 |url-status=live }}{{Failed verification|date=November 2022}} 2S12A and 2S12B improved models are in service now.{{Cite web |url=http://www.burevestnik.com/products_engl/history.html |title=ABOUT COMPANY |access-date=2015-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611054036/http://www.burevestnik.com/products_engl/history.html |archive-date=2015-06-11 |url-status=live }} 2S12A got a new "Ural" family transport vehicle with high power diesel engine and electric hoist for loading the mortar and a new base plate with a hinge that allows for pointing horizontally without turning the heavy support.{{Cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2015/0427/103028919/detail.shtml |title= В войска Центрального военного округа поступают модернизированные минометы |access-date=2019-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908130618/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2015/0427/103028919/detail.shtml |archive-date=2018-09-08 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2017/0727/101542308/detail.shtml |title= Модернизированные минометы поступили на вооружение 90-й танковой дивизии |access-date=2019-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908130958/http://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2017/0727/101542308/detail.shtml |archive-date=2018-09-08 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0320/101045879/detail.shtml |title= В войска ЮВО поступили модернизированные минометы "Сани" |access-date=2019-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908131026/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0320/101045879/detail.shtml |archive-date=2018-09-08 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0907/101048598/detail.shtml |title= Артиллерийские подразделения морской пехоты Каспийской флотилии ЮВО получили модернизированные минометы "Сани" |access-date=2019-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908131030/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0907/101048598/detail.shtml |archive-date=2018-09-08 |url-status=live }}{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2020/0521/153057944/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Модернизированные минометы поступили на вооружение артиллерийского соединения ЮВО в Адыгее|website=armstrade.org}}{{cite web | title=Ростех передал в войска новую партию мобильных минометов | website=Ростех | url=https://rostec.ru/news/rostekh-peredal-v-voyska-novuyu-partiyu-mobilnykh-minometov/ | language=ru | ref={{sfnref | Ростех}} | access-date=2024-07-23}}

Operators

File:2S12 operators.png

=Current operators=

  • {{ALG}}{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
  • {{AZE}}{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
  • {{BLR}}: 61{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=182}}
  • {{BUL}}{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
  • {{GEO}}: 14{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=184}}
  • {{KAZ}}{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2012.html|chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2012/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2012-Chapter-04-EN.pdf|chapter=Blue Skies and Dark Clouds: Kazakhstan and Small Arms|title=Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2012|author=Small Arms Survey|author-link=Small Arms Survey|page=131|isbn=978-0-521-19714-4|access-date=2019-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002411/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2012.html|archive-date=2018-08-31|url-status=dead}}
  • {{KGZ}}: 6{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=187}}
  • {{RUS}}: more than 1,700 {{as of|lc=yes|2016}}, including 1,000 in store.{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|pp=190&200}} Production was reportedly doubled in 2023.{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0711/101574010/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / Ростех передал в войска новую партию «кочующих» минометов «Сани»|website=armstrade.org|accessdate=6 August 2023}} More ordered in August 2023.{{Cite web |title=Russian Defense Ministry awards $4.15 bln worth contracts to defense industry companies |url=https://tass.com/defense/1661363 |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=TASS}}
  • {{TJK}}{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}
  • {{UKR}}: 214{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|pp=205-206}}
  • {{UZB}}: 19{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=208}}
  • {{VEN}}: 48{{sfn|The Military Balance 2016|p=416}}

=Former operators=

  • {{USSR}}

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Sources

  • {{cite book|title=The Military Balance 2016|date=February 2016|volume=116|isbn=9781857438352 |publisher=Routlegde|ref={{harvid|The Military Balance 2016}}|author=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies}}

External links

  • [https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/2s12.htm 2S12 MZ-304 "Highlander" 120-mm mortar]

{{Soviet and Russian artillery after WW2}}

Category:Mortars of the Soviet Union

Category:Infantry mortars

Category:Uraltransmash products

Category:120 mm mortars

Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1980s