3015 Candy

{{Infobox planet

| minorplanet = yes

| name = 3015 Candy

| background = #D6D6D6

| image = 003015-asteroid shape model (3015) Candy.png

| image_scale =

| caption = Shape model of Candy from its lightcurve

| discovery_ref = {{r|jpldata}}

| discoverer = E. Bowell

| discovery_site = Anderson Mesa Stn.

| discovered = 9 November 1980

| mpc_name = (3015) Candy

| alt_names = 1980 VN{{·}}{{mp|1974 VL|2}}
1974 XC{{·}}1984 HS

| pronounced =

| named_after = Michael P. Candy
{{small|(British astronomer)}}{{r|springer}}

| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}} {{r|jpldata|lcdb}}

| orbit_ref = {{r|jpldata}}

| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)

| uncertainty = 0

| observation_arc = 52.17 yr (19,056 days)

| aphelion = 3.9747 AU

| perihelion = 2.7983 AU

| semimajor = 3.3865 AU

| eccentricity = 0.1737

| period = 6.23 yr (2,276 days)

| mean_anomaly = 0.7451°

| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1582|sup=ms}} / day

| inclination = 17.402°

| asc_node = 38.162°

| arg_peri = 300.96°

| mean_diameter = {{val|24.517|0.470|ul=km}}{{r|Masiero-2011|WISE}}
33.54 km {{small|(calculated)}}{{r|lcdb}}

| rotation = {{val|4.6249|0.0001|ul=h}}{{r|Clark-2012a}}
{{val|4.625|0.001}} h{{r|Clark-2007}}
{{val|4.62501|0.00004}} h{{r|Clark-2016a}}
{{val|4.62516}} h{{r|Clark-2015a|Clark-2016b}}
{{val|4.625223}} h{{r|Durech-2016}}

| pole_ecliptic_lat= {{plainlist|

(142.0°, −26.0°) (λ₁/β₁){{r|Durech-2016}}
{{nowrap|(346.0°, −70.0°) (λ₂/β₂){{r|Durech-2016}}}}

}}

| albedo = 0.057 {{small|(assumed)}}{{r|lcdb}}
{{val|0.1067|0.0173}}{{r|Masiero-2011|WISE}}

| spectral_type = C {{small|(assumed)}}

| abs_magnitude = 11.1{{r|jpldata|lcdb|WISE}}{{·}}{{val|11.14|0.34}}{{r|Veres-2015}}

}}

3015 Candy (prov. designation: {{mp|1980 VN}}) is a background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 9 November 1980, by British-American astronomer Edward Bowell at Anderson Mesa Station in Flagstaff, Arizona.{{r|MPC-object}} The asteroid was named after British astronomer Michael P. Candy.{{r|springer}}

Orbit and classification

Candy is a background asteroid that does not belong to any known asteroid family. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–4.0 AU once every 6 years and 3 months (2,276 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 17° with respect to the ecliptic.{{r|jpldata}} The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Goethe Link Observatory in May 1965, more than 15 years prior to its official discovery observation at Anderson Mesa.{{r|MPC-object}}

Naming

This minor planet was named after Michael P. Candy (1928–1994) a British astronomer and discoverer of minor planets and comets, who was a director of the Royal Greenwich Observatory and Perth Observatory.{{r|springer}} As a long-time astrometrist and orbit computer, he discovered comet C/1960 Y1 (Candy) at Greenwich, as well as the minor planet 3898 Curlewis, 3893 DeLaeter and 3894 Williamcooke. He was also president of IAU's Commission VI.{{r|springer}} The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 22 June 1986 ({{small|M.P.C. 10845}}).{{r|MPC-Circulars-Archive}}

Physical characteristics

Candy is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.{{r|lcdb}}

= Lightcurves =

Several rotational lightcurves of Candy were obtained from photometric observations by astronomer Maurice Clark. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period between 4.6249 and 4.62516 hours with a brightness variation between 0.50 and 1.05 magnitude ({{small|U=3/3/3/3/3}}). (A high brightness amplitude typically indicates that a body has a non-spheroidal shape.){{r|Clark-2012a|Clark-2007|Clark-2016a|Clark-2015a|Clark-2016b}}

A 2016-published lightcurve, using modeled photometric data from the Lowell Photometric Database (LPD), gave a concurring period of 4.625223 hours ({{small|U=2}}), as well as two spin axis of (142.0°, −26.0°) and (346.0°, −70.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).{{r|Durech-2016}} Clark's spin modeling also suggests that Candy has a retrograde rotation, and a spin axis of (306.0°, 43.0.0°), that is nearly aligned with the body's shortest axis.{{r|Clark-2016b}}

= Diameter and albedo =

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Candy measures 24.517 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.1067,{{r|Masiero-2011|WISE}} while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous of 0.057, and calculates a diameter of 33.54 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.1.{{r|lcdb}}

References

{{reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite web

|type = 2017-07-04 last obs.

|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3015 Candy (1980 VN)

|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2003015

|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory

|access-date = 4 September 2017}}

{{cite book

|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names

|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.

|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg

|chapter = (3015) Candy

|page = 248

|date = 2007

|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3

|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3016}}

{{cite web

|title = 3015 Candy (1980 VN)

|work = Minor Planet Center

|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3015

|access-date = 4 September 2017}}

{{cite web

|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive

|work = Minor Planet Center

|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html

|access-date = 4 September 2017}}

{{cite journal

|display-authors = 6

|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero

|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer

|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav

|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer

|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri

|first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey

|first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt

|first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan

|first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr

|first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie

|first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen

|first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker

|first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright

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|date = November 2011

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|journal = The Astrophysical Journal

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|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M

|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68

|arxiv = 1109.4096

|access-date= 4 September 2017}}

{{cite web

|title = LCDB Data for (3015) Candy

|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)

|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=3015%7CCandy

|access-date = 4 September 2017}}

{{cite journal

|display-authors = 6

|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer

|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav

|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero

|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand

|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer

|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen

|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan

|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr

|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri

|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright

|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins

|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo

|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski

|date = November 2011

|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results

|journal = The Astrophysical Journal

|volume = 741

|issue = 2

|page = 25

|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M

|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90

|arxiv = 1109.6407}}

{{Cite journal

|last1 = Clark |first1 = Maurice

|date = March 2007

|title = Lightcurve Results for 1318 Nerina, 222 Lermontov 3015 Candy, 3089 Oujianquan, 3155 Lee, 6410 Fujiwara, 6500 Kodaira, (8290) 1992 NP, 9566 Rykhlova, (42923) 1999 SR18, and 2001 FY

|journal = Minor Planet Bulletin

|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_34-1.pdf

|volume = 34

|issue = 1

|pages = 19–22

|bibcode = 2007MPBu...34...19C

|issn = 1052-8091

|access-date= 18 March 2020}}

{{Cite journal

|last1 = Clark

|first1 = Maurice

|date = April 2012

|title = Asteroid Lightcurves from the Preston Gott Observatory

|journal = Minor Planet Bulletin

|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_39-2.pdf

|volume = 39

|issue = 2

|pages = 63–65

|bibcode = 2012MPBu...39...63C

|issn = 1052-8091

|access-date = 18 March 2020

|archive-date = 12 February 2020

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200212190402/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_39-2.pdf

}}

{{Cite journal

|last1 = Clark

|first1 = Maurice

|date = January 2015

|title = Asteroid Photometry from the Preston Gott Observatory

|journal = Minor Planet Bulletin

|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_42-1.pdf

|volume = 42

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|archive-date = 21 February 2020

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200221091859/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_42-1.pdf

}}

{{cite journal

|first1 = J. |last1 = Durech

|first2 = J. |last2 = Hanus

|first3 = D. |last3 = Oszkiewicz

|first4 = R. |last4 = Vanco

|date = March 2016

|title = Asteroid models from the Lowell photometric database

|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016A&A...587A..48D

|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics

|volume = 587

|page = 6

|bibcode = 2016A&A...587A..48D

|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201527573

|arxiv = 1601.02909

|access-date= 4 September 2017}}

{{Cite journal

|last1 = Clark

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|title = Asteroid Photometry from the Preston Gott Observatory

|journal = Minor Planet Bulletin

|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_43-1.pdf

|volume = 43

|issue = 1

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|bibcode = 2016MPBu...43....2C

|issn = 1052-8091

|access-date = 18 March 2020

|archive-date = 3 October 2020

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201003113200/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_43-1.pdf

}}

{{Cite journal

|last1 = Clark

|first1 = Maurice

|date = January 2016

|title = Shape Modelling of Asteroids 1708 Polit, 2036 Sheragul, and 3015 Candy

|journal = Minor Planet Bulletin

|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_43-1.pdf

|volume = 43

|issue = 1

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|bibcode = 2016MPBu...43...80C

|issn = 1052-8091

|access-date = 18 March 2020

|archive-date = 3 October 2020

|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201003113200/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_43-1.pdf

}}

{{cite journal

|display-authors = 6

|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres

|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke

|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons

|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau

|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik

|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin

|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel

|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat

|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett

|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers

|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling

|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser

|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier

|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan

|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price

|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry

|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters

|date = November 2015

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|pages = 34–47

|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V

|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007

|arxiv = 1506.00762

|access-date= 4 September 2017}}

}}

External links

[http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/OneAsteroidInfo.php Lightcurve Database Query] (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info
[https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
[http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Geneva Observatory, Raoul Behrend
[https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
{{AstDys|3015}}
{{JPL small body}}

{{Minor planets navigator |3014 Huangsushu |number=3015 |3016 Meuse}}

003015

Category:Discoveries by Edward L. G. Bowell

Category:Named minor planets

19801109