3402 Wisdom
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 3402 Wisdom
| background = #FA8072
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discoverer = E. Bowell
| discovery_site = Anderson Mesa Stn.
| discovered = 5 August 1981
| mpc_name = (3402) Wisdom
| alt_names = 1981 PB
| pronounced =
| named_after = Jack Wisdom
{{nowrap|(American planetary scientist)}}
| mp_category = Mars-crosser
| epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 41.20 yr (15,047 d)
| aphelion = 2.7283 AU
| perihelion = 1.5352 AU
| semimajor = 2.1317 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2798
| period = 3.11 yr (1,137 d)
| mean_anomaly = 285.37°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.3167|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 4.8531°
| asc_node = 357.87°
| arg_peri = 303.69°
| moid = 0.5266 AU (205 LD)
| mean_diameter = {{val|2.05|0.49|ul=km}}
{{val|2.50|0.50|u=km}}
2.59 km (derived)
| rotation = {{val|4.9949|0.0001|ul=h}}
{{val|4.9951|0.0001|u=h}}{{efn|name=lcdb-Pravec-2006}}
| albedo = 0.20 (assumed)
{{val|0.283|0.113}}
{{val|0.32|0.16}}
| spectral_type = S (assumed)
| abs_magnitude = {{val|14.85|0.11}} (R){{efn|name=lcdb-Pravec-2006}}
15.00
{{val|15.13|0.26}}
15.34
15.44
}}
3402 Wisdom, provisional designation {{mp|1981 PB}}, is a stony asteroid and Mars-crosser on an eccentric orbit from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|2.5|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 5 August 1981, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's Anderson Mesa Station near Flagstaff, Arizona, in the United States. The presumed bright S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 4.99 hours. It was named after American planetary scientist Jack Wisdom.
Orbit and classification
Wisdom is a Mars-crossing asteroid, a member of a dynamically unstable group, located between the main belt and the near-Earth populations, and crossing the orbit of Mars at 1.666 AU. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 1.5–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 1 month (1,137 days; semi-major axis of 2.13 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.28 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.
The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken at Palomar Observatory in February 1977, more than 4 years prior to its official discovery observation at Anderson Mesa.
Physical characteristics
Wisdom is an assumed stony S-type asteroid.
= Rotation period =
In October 2006, two rotational lightcurves of Wisdom were obtained from photometric observations at Ondřejov, Skalnaté pleso and Carbuncle Hill observatories ({{small|912;I00}}). Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 4.9949 and 4.9951 hours with a high brightness variation of 0.75 and 0.74 magnitude, respectively ({{small|U=3/3}}).{{efn|name=lcdb-Pravec-2006}} A high brightness amplitude typically indicate that the body has an elongated rather than spherical shape.
= Diameter and albedo =
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Wisdom measures 2.05 and 2.50 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.32 and 0.283, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20 and derives a diameter of 2.59 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 15.34.
With a mean diameter of approximately 2.5 kilometers, Wisdom is one of the smaller mid-sized Mars-crossing asteroids. It is assumed that there are up to 10 thousand Mars-crossers larger than 1 kilometer. The largest members of this dynamical group are 132 Aethra, 323 Brucia, 2204 Lyyli and 512 Taurinensis, which measure between 43 and 25 kilometers in diameter.
Naming
This minor planet was named after Jack Wisdom (born 1953), a dynamicist and professor of planetary sciences at MIT. Wisdom pioneered in the study of the dynamics and long-term stability of the Solar System, and demonstrated the dynamical mechanism for the clearing of asteroid in the Kirkwood gaps of the asteroid belt. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1988 ({{small|M.P.C. 12803}}).
Notes
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lcdb-Pravec-2006|1=Pravec October (2006) web: [http://www.asu.cas.cz/~asteroid/3402.png lightcurve plot of (3402) Wisdom], with a rotation period {{val|4.9951|0.0001}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.74|0.02}} mag. Quality Code of 3. Observation in the R-band. Absolute magnitude of {{val|14.85|0.11}}. Summary figures at [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=3402%7CWisdom LCDB] and [http://www.asu.cas.cz/~ppravec/neo.htm Ondrejov Asteroid Photometry Project] (see [http://www.asu.cas.cz/~ppravec/newres.txt data sheet])}}
}}
References
{{reflist|30em|refs=
|type = 2018-04-24 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3402 Wisdom (1981 PB)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2003402
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|access-date = 14 May 2018}}
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (3402) Wisdom
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|pages = 283–284
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3402 |chapter = (3402) Wisdom }}
|title = 3402 Wisdom (1981 PB)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3402
|access-date = 26 October 2017}}
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 26 October 2017}}
|author = Steel, D. I.
|date = August 1985
|title = Collisions in the solar systems. II - Asteroid impacts upon Mars
|journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
|volume = 215
|issue = 3
|pages = 369–381
|issn = 0035-8711
|bibcode = 1985MNRAS.215..369S
|doi = 10.1093/mnras/215.3.369
|doi-access= free
}}
|title = LCDB Data for (3402) Wisdom
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=3402%7CWisdom
|access-date = 26 October 2017}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer
|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright
|date = September 2016
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 3
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
|arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}
|first1 = V. |last1 = Alí-Lagoa
|first2 = M. |last2 = Delbo'
|date = July 2017
|title = Sizes and albedos of Mars-crossing asteroids from WISE/NEOWISE data
|journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics
|volume = 603
|page = 8
|bibcode = 2017A&A...603A..55A
|doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201629917
|arxiv = 1705.10263|s2cid = 119224590
}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Donald P. |last1 = Pray
|first2 = Peter |last2 = Kusnirak
|first3 = Adrian |last3 = Galad
|first4 = Jozef |last4 = Vilagi
|first5 = Leos |last5 = Kornos
|first6 = Stefan |last6 = Gajdos
|first7 = Michal |last7 = Pikler
|first8 = Gabriel |last8 = Cervak
|first9 = Marek |last9 = Hsarik
|first10 = Julian |last10 = Oey
|first11 = Walt |last11 = Cooney
|first12 = John |last12 = Gross
|first13 = Dirk |last13 = Terrell
|first14 = Robert D. |last14 = Stephens
|first15 = David |last15 = Higgins
|date = June 2007
|title = Lightcurve Analysis of Asteroids 2006 BQ6, 2942, 2943 3402, 3533, 6497, 6815, 7033, 12336, and 14211
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2007MPBu...34...44P
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 34
|issue = 2
|pages = 44–46
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2007MPBu...34...44P
|access-date= 26 October 2017}}
|first1 = Petr |last1 = Pravec
|first2 = Alan W. |last2 = Harris
|first3 = Peter |last3 = Kusnirák
|first4 = Adrián |last4 = Galád
|first5 = Kamil |last5 = Hornoch
|date = September 2012
|title = Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012Icar..221..365P
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 221
|issue = 1
|pages = 365–387
|bibcode = 2012Icar..221..365P
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026
|access-date= 26 October 2017}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|s2cid = 53493339 |access-date= 26 October 2017}}
}}
External links
- [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
- [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
- {{AstDys|3402}}
- {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |3401 Vanphilos |number=3402 |3403 Tammy}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wisdom}}