3700 Geowilliams
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 3700 Geowilliams
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discoverer = C. Shoemaker
E. Shoemaker
| discovery_site = Palomar Obs.
| discovered = 23 October 1984
| mpc_name = (3700) Geowilliams
| alt_names = {{mp|1984 UL|2}}{{·}}{{mp|1973 YF|2}}
1977 UJ
| pronounced =
| named_after = George E. Williams
{{small|(Australian geologist)}}
| mp_category = {{nowrap|main-belt{{·}}{{small|(inner)}}}}
background
| epoch = 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 43.54 yr (15,902 d)
| aphelion = 2.9602 AU
| perihelion = 1.8695 AU
| semimajor = 2.4148 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2258
| period = 3.75 yr (1,371 d)
| mean_anomaly = 293.18°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2626|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 12.121°
| asc_node = 289.16°
| arg_peri = 153.06°
| mean_diameter = {{val|7.712|0.130|ul=km}}
{{val|7.74|1.83|u=km}}
{{val|7.753|0.152|u=km}}
{{val|8.70|0.30|u=km}}
{{val|8.82|0.86|u=km}}
{{val|8.97|u=km}} {{small|(calculated)}}
| rotation = {{val|14.383|0.0183|ul=h}}
{{val|14.387|0.003|u=h}}{{efn|name=lcdb-Higgins-2011}}
| albedo = {{val|0.20}} {{small|(assumed)}}
{{val|0.227|0.045}}
{{val|0.23|0.13}}
{{val|0.233|0.033}}
{{val|0.2970|0.0516}}
| spectral_type = SMASS {{=}} S k
| abs_magnitude = {{val|12.443|0.002}} {{small|(R)}}
12.50
12.6
12.89
{{val|12.94|0.46}}
}}
3700 Geowilliams, provisional designation {{mp|1984 UL|2}}, is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=1|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 23 October 1984, by American astronomer couple Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. The S k-subtype has a rotation period of 14.38 hours. It was named for Australian geologist George E. Williams.
Orbit and classification
Geowilliams is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.9–3.0 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,371 days; semi-major axis of 2.41 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 12° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first observation as {{mp|1973 YF|2}} at Crimea-Nauchnij in December 1973, almost 11 years prior to its official discovery observation at Palomar.
Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification, Geowilliams is a Sk-subtype that transitions between the common S-type asteroid and the K-type asteroid. The latter spectral type is often found among members of the Eos family.
= Rotation period =
In January 2008, a rotational lightcurve of Geowilliams was obtained from photometric observations by Australian amateur astronomer David Higgins at the Hunters Hill Observatory {{Obscode|E14}}. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 14.387 hours with a brightness variation of 0.40 magnitude ({{small|U=3}}).{{efn|name=lcdb-Higgins-2011}} In July 2010, a similar period of 14.383 hours and an amplitude of 0.42 was measured at the Palomar Transient Factory in California ({{small|U=2}}).
= Diameter and albedo =
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Geowilliams measures between 7.712 and 8.82 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.227 and 0.297.
The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20, and calculates a diameter of 8.97 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.6.
Naming
This minor planet was named after Australian geologist George E. Williams who discovered the Acraman crater when he worked for BHP in South Australia. The old 90-kilometer impact structure is one of the largest meteorite impact craters known on Earth and the largest one on the Australian continent. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1988 ({{small|M.P.C. 12810}}).
Notes
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lcdb-Higgins-2011|1=David Higgins (2011): rotation period {{val|14.387|0.003}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.40|0.02}} mag. Quality code is 3. Summary figures for (3700) Geowilliams at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=3700%7CGeowilliams LCDB] and archived website of the Hunters Hill Observatory by [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725094255/http://www.david-higgins.com/Astronomy/asteroid/lightcurves.htm David Higgins].}}
}}
References
{{reflist|30em|refs=
|type = 2017-07-04 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 3700 Geowilliams (1984 UL2)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2003700
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|access-date = 14 May 2018}}
|title = 3700 Geowilliams (1984 UL2)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3700
|access-date = 14 May 2018}}
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 14 May 2018}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
|first7 = S. |last7 = Sonnett
|date = August 2014
|title = Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 791
|issue = 2
|page = 11
|bibcode = 2014ApJ...791..121M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121
|arxiv = 1406.6645|s2cid = 119293330 }}
|title = Asteroid 3700 Geowilliams – Proper Elements
|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=3700
|access-date= 29 October 2019}}
|title = LCDB Data for (3700) Geowilliams
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=3700%7CGeowilliams
|access-date = 14 May 2018}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|arxiv = 1109.6407
|s2cid = 35447010 }} ([http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/741/2/68/fulltext/apj398969t1_mrt.txt catalog])
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access= free
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=3700 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|arxiv = 1209.5794|s2cid = 46350317 }}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = C. R. |last1 = Nugent
|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = J. |last3 = Bauer
|first4 = R. M. |last4 = Cutri
|first5 = E. A. |last5 = Kramer
|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
|first7 = J. |last7 = Masiero
|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright
|date = September 2016
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
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|issue = 3
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|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
|arxiv = 1606.08923 |doi-access = free }}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6 = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
|first10 = Daisuke |last10 = Kinoshita
|first11 = George |last11 = Helou
|first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
|first13 = Shrinivas |last13 = Kulkarni
|date = September 2015
|title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 150
|issue = 3
|page = 35
|bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv = 1504.04041|s2cid = 8342929 }}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
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|volume = 261
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|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762|s2cid = 53493339 }}
}}
External links
- {{Cite web |url=http://www.david-higgins.com/Astronomy/asteroid/lightcurves.htm |title=Lightcurves by David Higgins |access-date=14 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025031607/http://www.david-higgins.com/Astronomy/asteroid/lightcurves.htm |archive-date=25 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}
- [https://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/george.williams George E. Williams – University Staff Director], University of Adelaide
- [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
- [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
- {{AstDys|3700}}
- {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |3699 Milbourn |number=3700 |3701 Purkyně}}
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Category:Discoveries by Carolyn S. Shoemaker