3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Group
{{Short description|United States military evaluation unit}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
The 3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Group was a military evaluation unit under direct command of Strategic Air Command (SAC) headquarters for scoring simulated bomb runs using automatic tracking radar stations. Initially an Army Air Forces Base Unit (AAFBU) and then a squadron, the 3903rd RBS Group was personnel, assets, and detachments were redesignated the 1st Radar Bomb Scoring Group and then the 1CEVG Radar Bomb Scoring Division when the RBS Group merged with the 3908th Strategic Standardization Group in 1961, the year RBS Express trains began to be used for low-altitude Boeing B-52 Stratofortress operations..
Background
Automatic tracking radars were used for World War II ground-directed bombing, and at the end of the war SCR-584 tracking radars with OA-294 plotting equipment{{r|3903RBS}} which recorded the aircraft path during a bomb run, allowing the bomb release point and velocity to be assessed for Radar Bomb Scoring. In 1945, an RBS site was in New Orleans on Marconi Dr,{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7kUaAAAAIBAJ&pg=4118,2006201&dq=bomb-scoring-unit&hl=en |title=Bomb scoring unit |newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal |via=Google News Archive Search}}{{Dead link|date=June 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} and the 206th Army Air Force Base Unit (RBS) was organized on 6 June 1945 at "Colorado Springs" (tent camp) and controlled RBS detachments at Kansas City{{Where|The Fairfax Field article describes the Kansas City bomb plot (e.g., 1957 SAC Bomb/Nav Comp), but doesn't claim the station was actually at Fairfax Field|date=October 2012}} and Dallas Love Field, Texas. "On 24 July 1945, the 206th was redesignated the 63rd AAFBU (RBS) and three weeks later was moved to Mitchel Field, New York, and placed under the command of the Continental Air Force."{{r|Summary}} "On 5 March 1946, the organization moved back to Colorado Springs{{Dubious|reason=The questionable 1983 Historical Summary: Radar Bomb Scoring, 1945–1983 claim about 5 March 1946 appears unrealistic since the more reliable Mueller identifies the 263rd began its period at Andrews Field on 17 March 1946. Did the unit travel 2000 some miles NY-to-CO and then turn back east a few days later for almost another 2000 miles CO-MD? The summary's contemporary source for the two unit renumberings and the 2 moves (particularly regarding Mitchel Field) needs confirmed, but it unfortunately doesn't cite a particular source for its 1983 claims.|date=September 2013}} and on 8 March of the same year was redesignated the 263rd AAFBU."{{r|Summary}}
=Andrews Field=
On 17 March 1946 the "263 AAF BU" was assigned to the Continental Air Forces' Andrews Field,{{r|Mueller}} and after Fifteenth Air Force transferred to SAC on 31 March 1946,{{r|Mueller}} the 263rd subsequently transferred from 15AF to directly under Strategic Air Command.{{r|Summary}} RBS{{Which|reason=Which site, Cheli?|date=September 2013}} scored 888 simulated bomb runs against San Diego in 1946{{Cite news |last=Herring |first=G. B. (Jr.) |date=19 May 1966 |title=TBD |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/laurel-leader-call/1966-05-19/page-15 |newspaper=Laurel Leader Call |location=Laurel, Mississippi |access-date=11 July 2012 |quote=Radar bomb scoring {{sic|began}} in 1946 with 888 bomb releases for the year against a site in the{{Verify source|date=August 2013}} San Diego }} and in 1947, the USAF was established and MacDill Field, Florida, had an RBS detachment (the 263rd was renamed the 263rd Air Force Base Unit.) The 263 AF BU scored 2,499 runs in 1947{{r|Summary}} and its last day at Andrews Air Force Base was 23 February 1948.{{r|Mueller}}
=Carswell AFB=
The 3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron was designated from the 263rd AAFBU on 24 February 1948,{{r|Mueller}} the first day the unit was at Carswell AFB (which acquired "Midland Bombing Rg #14" and ...#21 on 1 Mar.){{r|Mueller}} In 1948, Detachment B was operating an RBS site at Treasure Island, California,{{Citation |type=memorandum |url=http://www.bluebookarchive.org/page.aspx?pagecode=MAXW-PBB7-57&tab=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005015851/http://www.bluebookarchive.org/page.aspx?pagecode=MAXW-PBB7-57&tab=2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 October 2013 |title=memorandum transcription |access-date=29 September 2013 |quote= }} and SAC scored 12,084 bomb runs in 1948.{{r|Summary}} By 14 September 1949, the 3903rd RBSS controlled the "Denver Bomb Plot" RBS detachment.{{Citation |last=Schlupp |first=Capt John A.|date=25 August 1949 |title=[memorandum] for Project Blue Book |quote=Two (2) cys Itr, Det A 39030[sic] Radar Bomb Scoring Sq, Lowry AF Base, 25 Aug 49}} (Detachment A)
Three of the squadron's detachments (C, K, & N) arrived at Pusan, South Korea, in September 1950 for close air support{{r|Wikler}} (Det N, code named HILLBILLY, bombed itself because by mistakenly using a new system with procedures for a preceding system.){{r|3903RBS}} During the war the 3903rd's detachments were redesignated from letters to numbers, e.g., 3903rd Detachment B became Detachment 13{{r|3903RBS}}, Det D in 1950 at Fort George Wright, Washington,{{r|3903RBS}} became Det 12{{r|MobileRadar}} (near McClellan AFB by the end of 1951),{{r|3903RBS}} and Det N deployed in Korea became Detachment 22.{{r|Wikler}} The 3 ground-directed bombing detachments in Korea were "out 2 October 1951" when their mobile radar stations transferred to the 502nd Tactical Control Group.{{r|AFD100526}}
;1951 RBS squadrons: On 16 October 1951, the west coast's 3933rd Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron (3933rd RBSS) was activated at Mather Air Force Base, the 3922nd Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron was activated at Carswell AFB,{{r|Mueller}} and the 3944th Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron was activated at Turner AFB, Georgia.{{r|GAO}}
3903rd RBS Group
The 3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Group was established by 12 August 1952{{Citation |type=USAF policy |date=26 March 1957 |title=B-130417, MARCH 26, 1957, 36 COMP. GEN. 670 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MVrZV6sRsVYC&q=Charlotte+%22radar+bomb%22&pg=PA671 |access-date=30 September 2013 |quote=…DETACHMENTS 6 AND 16 OF THE 3903RD RADAR BOMB SCORING GROUP LOCATED AT HOUSTON, TEXAS AND CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA RESPECTIVELY. … SPECIAL ORDERS, NO. 35, AUGUST 28, 1952, HEADQUARTERS, 3944TH RADAR BOMB SCORING SQUADRON, TURNER AIR FORCE BASE, ALBANY, GEORGIA}} (Capitalized text available at http://www.gao.gov/products/B-130417) using the number of the 3903rd RBS Squadron at Carswell AFB, but with the headquarters of the 3933rd RBSS at March Air Force Base "sent to Carswell to Headquarter 3903rd RBS Group".{{r|3903RBS}} Circa 1952 at Carswell, the 3903rd conducted SAC's 2-week course "for those going out to detachments" after they had completed the longer initial radar course at Keesler AFB.{{r|3903RBS}} 3903rd group commanders included Major Templeton{{r|MobileRadar}} and in 1953, Detachment 6 was at Dallas.{{Cite web|last=johnd584 |date=22 January 2002 |title=Re: CEVG History |url=https://groups.yahoo.com/group/combatevaluationgroup/message/3205 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131003221007/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/combatevaluationgroup/message/3205 |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 October 2013 |quote=Initially we had SCR-584 Radar and the RC-294 Plotting Equip. In 1951 we started receiving the MPS-9 Radar (mod. 584) and the brand new MSQ-2 Plotting equip … I would {{sic|immediately}} begin working the bomb problem using an E6B computer and bombing tables. … In '51, Reeves Instr Corp started delivering the MPS-9 (amodified 584) and the MSQ-2 Plotting van. … at Det. 6, Dallas in '53 '54. … }} ([https://archive.today/20130726104602/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/combatevaluationgroup/message/32012 Google webcache of Message 3205] retrieved 29 September 2013) The group had transferred to Texas (Carsewell) by 10 August 1954 when "Inactivated & Discontinued.{{r|MobileRadar}}
When the 3903rd RBS Group personnel and stations were redesignated the 1st Radar Bomb Scoring Group on 10 August 1954, the RBS squadrons were renamed, e.g., the detachment near McClellan AFB became Det 4 of the 11th Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} activated at March Air Force Base on 10 August 1954 (the 10th RBSS activated at Carswell AFB on 10 August 1954.){{r|Mueller}}{{rp|65}}
Site locations
References
{{Reflist | 44em |refs=
{{Cite web |title=3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Group |url=http://www.koreanwar.org/html/units/usaf/3903rbs.htm |format=KoreanWar Bulletin Board |publisher=KoreanWar.org |access-date=20 May 2012 |quote=Major Bennett was my uncle and responsible for my having spent 30 great years in the USAF. He was stationed at Mac Dill AFB, Florida with an RBS unit in 1947… 52…until…53 … On the MSQ-1, we operated in the same manner, but later learned [for the MSQ-2] that we should have entered the target coordinates into the new digital/analog computer, AND THEN 'ZEROED' THEM OUT AGAIN. The computer would remember the offset and track accordingly. Unfortunately, we did not know that without the TO's. By leaving them in, like the 584, we effectively located the target's position over the top of ourselves. … Det. 12…McClellan AFB, Sacramento, Calif. This was previously Det. D and moved here from Spokane, Wash. It was located at a radio site about 4 miles S.E. of the base near Fair Oaks, in farms and orchards. I was stationed here about 1951 to 1952. Some personnel there were Capt. Wallace Fry, C.O., WOJG William Johnson, 1st Sgt. Sadler, Nelson Vaughn, William Morris, Horvath, Burdick, Wallace and Fox. It was from here that several detachments were marshalled that went to Korea. … was discharged in 1956 at Manhattan Beach Air Force Station on Long Island. … 1 May 70 – 1 May 74…Jim Cooper…statesboro, matagorda, cedar key,udorn, linebacker, quinter, park, presque isle, ashland, wellington, altus, hollis}}
{{Cite web |last=Wikler |first=Norman |date=8 April 2004 |title=My Memories of the Unit |url=http://www.koreanwar.org/html/units/usaf/3903rbs.htm |format=KoreanWar Bulletin Board posting 42199 |publisher=KoreanWar.org |access-date=20 May 2012 |quote=April 1949…I…was assigned to [go to] Detachment 'B' [while] at Carswell. … Det. N was organized in June/July 1950 to establish an RBS site in Puerto Rico. … I…re-enlisted in the morning of July 15 in order to [have] three years of service time remaining for the Puerto Rico assignment. … on the 18th (?) we were told to prepare to go to McClellan AFB at Sacramento, Ca. We flew to McClellan that night in the squadron's B-26 with Major Templeton as the pilot. … During the six weeks or so…at McClellan, the detachment was fully manned [and] Our equipment,SCR-584, RC-294, radio truck, generators, supply van and all of the miscellaneous were checked out. We moved to Camp Stoneman at Pittsburg, CA and did all the final preparations for departure to Korea. We left Camp Stoneman early September via a ferry boat to the Oakland army base where we boarded the USS General W.A.Mann. In addition to the three RBS detachments, there were over 2000 thousand troops from the 3rd Armored Division(?). … The three detachments in essence regrouped. Det N which became Det 22(Hillbilly) was assigned to the Army I Corp on the western front; Det(?)was central and Det 5 was last. Actual operations for Hillbilly began in Jan 1951… I think we moved across the Imjin River in the July 1951 time-frame and established our site. … I was assigned to the RBS detachment at the Charlotte, N.C. airport until my discharge in July 1953.}}
{{Cite report |title=title tbd |url=https://media.defense.gov/2010/May/26/2001330297/-1/-1/0/AFD-100526-045.pdf |publisher=AFHSO.af.mil |quote=To help meet the threat of the Soviet-built MiG–15 fighter in Korea, the USAF diverted Strategic Air Command's 27th FEW with its F–84 Thunderjets to the Far East instead of sending it as planned to England. In early December 1950 the wing established a rear echelon at Itazuke, Japan, and took its F–84s to Taegu AB, South Korea. Less than two months later, fearful that Chinese ground forces would overrun UN jet bases in South Korea, Fifth Air Force withdrew the 27th to Japan. The wing continued combat from Japan until the 136th FBW replaced it in late June 1951.}}
{{Cite web |title=3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron |url=http://www.mobileradar.org/unit_726_6483.html |format=list webpage |publisher=MobileRadar.org |access-date=1 August 2013 |quote=Redesignated: 3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Squadron SAC) from 263rd AAFB Unit (RBS) on 21 Jul 1948 Effective Date: 01 Aug 1948. Redesignated: 3903rd Radar Bomb Scoring Group (SAC) on 19 Jan 1951 … 12 Detachments}} NOTE: This webpage claims the 3903rd RBSS was discontinued in 1954 and had "MSQ-77" radars, but that system was not developed until the Vietnam War. Also, it claims Det D "relocated" from Ft George Wright to Mather AFB, but differing reliable sources identify that detachment actually moved to near McClellan AFB (in a rural farm/orchard area) for scoring bombers based at Mather AFB.
{{Cite book |last=Mueller |first=Robert |year=1989 |title=Air Force Bases |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ARohGwYMZDwC&q=3933+%22Radar+Bomb+Scoring%22&pg=PA372 |volume=I: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 |publisher=Office of Air Force History |isbn=0-912799-53-6 |access-date=15 August 2013 }} (also available as [https://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330255/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-026.pdf an AFHSO pdf.] NOTE: Mueller's p. 8 claim that the "263 AAF BU" was at Andrews Field "17 Mar 46-23 Feb 48" and was the Peterson Field "Base Operating Unit…8 Mar 1945-17 Dec 1946" has overlap from 17 Mar until 17 Dec 1946—implying the 263rd was the Peterson operating unit during a period when the 263rd was stationed at Andrews (e.g., while the USAAF facility next to the Colorado Springs Municipal Airport was being shut down.)
}}
Category:1951 establishments in Texas
Category:1961 disestablishments in the United States
Category:Four digit groups of the United States Air Force
Category:Military units and formations established in 1951
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1961