4003 Schumann
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 4003 Schumann
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovered = 8 March 1964
| discoverer = F. Börngen
| discovery_site = Karl Schwarzschild Obs.
| mpc_name = (4003) Schumann
| alt_names = 1964 ED{{·}}{{mp|1933 FG|1}}
{{mp|1967 RK|1}}{{·}}{{mp|1968 UL|3}}
{{mp|1974 SE|2}}{{·}}{{mp|1978 GM|4}}
{{mp|1980 RH|2}}{{·}}{{mp|1980 TP|6}}
{{mp|1981 WV|8}}
| named_after = Robert Schumann
{{small|(German composer)}}
| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(outer)}}
| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 84.20 yr (30,753 days)
| aphelion = 3.7477 AU
| perihelion = 3.1040 AU
| semimajor = 3.4258 AU
| eccentricity = 0.0939
| period = 6.34 yr (2,316 days)
| mean_anomaly = 343.35°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1554|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 5.0589°
| asc_node = 189.31°
| arg_peri = 116.48°
| dimensions = 32.03 km {{small|(calculated)}}
{{val|35.00|0.89}} km
{{val|36.115|0.245}}
{{val|38.207|0.611}} km
| rotation = {{val|5.5984|0.0019}} h
{{val|5.601|0.001}} h
{{val|5.6040|0.0019}} h
{{val|5.7502|0.0007}} h
| albedo = {{val|0.0439|0.0089}}
{{val|0.049|0.008}}
0.057 {{small|(assumed)}}
{{val|0.072|0.004}}
| spectral_type = C
| abs_magnitude = 10.80{{·}}11.1{{·}}{{val|11.154|0.003}} {{small|(R)}}{{·}}{{val|11.186|0.002}} {{small|(R)}}{{·}}11.2{{·}}{{val|11.40|0.20}}
}}
4003 Schumann, provisional designation {{mp|1964 ED}}, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 35 kilometers in diameter.
The asteroid was discovered on 8 March 1964, by German astronomer Freimut Börngen at the Karl Schwarzschild Observatory in Tautenburg, Eastern Germany. It was named after German composer Robert Schumann.
Orbit and classification
Schumann orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 3.1–3.7 AU once every 6 years and 4 months (2,316 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.09 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. The first precovery was obtained at Heidelberg Observatory in 1933, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 31 years prior to its discovery.
Physical characteristics
Schumann has been characterized as a dark C-type asteroid.
= Diameter and albedo =
According to the space-based surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its NEOWISE mission, Schumann{{'}}s surface has an albedo of 0.04 and 0.07, and an estimated diameter of 35.0 and 38.2 kilometers, respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous bodies of 0.057, and calculates a diameter of 32.0 kilometers.
= Rotation period =
Several photometric lightcurves of Schumann gave a rotation period between 5.60 and 5.75 hours with a brightness amplitude in the range of 0.20 to 0.23 in magnitude ({{small|U=3-/2+/2}}).
Naming
This minor planet was named in honor of German composer of the Romantic era, Robert Schumann (1810–1856), known for his Lieder, chamber works and cello concerti. He was born in Zwickau, in proximity to the discovering observatory in Tautenburg. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 20 May 1989 ({{small|M.P.C. 14634}}).
References
{{reflist|refs=
|type = 2017-06-05 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 4003 Schumann (1964 ED)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2004003
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|access-date = 19 June 2017}}
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (4003) Schumann
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 341
|date = 2007
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_3988 |chapter = (4003) Schumann }}
|title = 4003 Schumann (1964 ED)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=4003
|access-date = 2 May 2016}}
|title = MPC/MPO/MPS Archive
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html
|access-date = 2 May 2016}}
|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (4003) Schumann
|last = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher = Geneva Observatory
|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page4cou.html#004003
|access-date = 2 May 2016}}
|title = LCDB Data for (4003) Schumann
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=4003%7CSchumann
|access-date = 2 May 2016}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
|first7 = Daisuke |last7 = Ishihara
|first8 = Hirokazu |last8 = Kataza
|first9 = Satoshi |last9 = Takita
|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
|first11 = Munetaka |last11 = Ueno
|first12 = Hideo |last12 = Matsuhara
|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
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|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|doi-access=
}} ([http://vizier.cfa.harvard.edu/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-source=J/PASJ/63/1117/acua_v1&Num=4003 online], [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/43545172.pdf AcuA catalog p. 153])
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...90M
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|arxiv = 1109.6407
|access-date= 2 May 2016}}
|author = Brinsfield, J. W.
|date = April 2011
|title = Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Via Capote Observatory: 4th Quarter 2010
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011MPBu...38...73B
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 38
|issue = 2
|pages = 73–74
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2011MPBu...38...73B
|access-date= 2 May 2016}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Adam |last1 = Waszczak
|first2 = Chan-Kao |last2 = Chang
|first3 = Eran O. |last3 = Ofek
|first4 = Russ |last4 = Laher
|first5 = Frank |last5 = Masci
|first6 = David |last6 = Levitan
|first7 = Jason |last7 = Surace
|first8 = Yu-Chi |last8 = Cheng
|first9 = Wing-Huen |last9 = Ip
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|first11 = George |last11 = Helou
|first12 = Thomas A. |last12 = Prince
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|date = September 2015
|title = Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 150
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|page = 35
|bibcode = 2015AJ....150...75W
|doi = 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75
|arxiv = 1504.04041
|access-date= 2 May 2016}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
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|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|access-date= 2 May 2016}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
|first4 = C. R. |last4 = Nugent
|first5 = J. M. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = R. |last6 = Stevenson
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|date = August 2014
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|access-date= 5 December 2016}}
}}
External links
- [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
- [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
- {{AstDys|4003}}
- {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |4002 Shinagawa |number=4003 |4004 Listʹev}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schumann}}