40 Harmonia
{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| background = #D6D6D6
| name = 40 Harmonia
| image = 40Harmonia (Lightcurve Inversion).png
| image_scale =
| caption = A three-dimensional model of 40 Harmonia based on its light curve
| discoverer = H. Goldschmidt
| discovered = March 31, 1856
| mpc_name = (40) Harmonia
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|h|ɑr|ˈ|m|oʊ|n|i|ə}}Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
| alt_names = 1950 XU
| named_after = Harmonia
| mp_category = Main belt
| epoch = December 31, 2006 (JD 2454100.5)
| semimajor = 339.279 Gm (2.268 AU)
| perihelion = 323.537 Gm (2.163 AU)
| aphelion = {{nowrap|355.021 Gm (2.373 AU)}}
| eccentricity = 0.046
| period = {{Convert|1247.514|day|year|sigfig=3|abbr=on|lk=out}}
| inclination = 4.256°
| asc_node = 94.287°
| arg_peri = 268.988°
| mean_anomaly = 249.120°
| dimensions = 111.251 ± 0.391 km
| mass = (2.206 ± 0.612/0.42){{e|18}} kg
| density = 2.867 ± 0.795/0.546 g/cm3{{efn|Assuming a diameter of 113.7 ± 7 km.}}
| rotation = {{Convert|8.909|hour|day|abbr=on|disp=flip}}
| spectral_type = S
| magnitude = 9.31 (brightest)
}}
40 Harmonia is a large main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by German-French astronomer Hermann Goldschmidt on March 31, 1856, and named after Harmonia, the Greek goddess of harmony. The name was chosen to mark the end of the Crimean War.
The asteroid is orbiting the Sun with a period of {{Convert|1247.514|day|year|2|abbr=off|disp=out}} and a relatively low eccentricity of 0.046. It has a cross-sectional size of 107.6 km. The spectrum of 40 Harmonia matches an S-type (silicate) in the Tholen classification system, and is similar to primitive achondrite meteorites. Photometric observations at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico during 2008–09 were used to generate a light curve that showed four unequal minima and maxima per cycle. The curve shows a period of 8.909 ± 0.001 hours with a brightness variation of 0.28 ± 0.02 in magnitude. This result is compatible with previous studies.
Speckle interferometric observations carried out with the Nicholas U. Mayall Telescope at the Kitt Peak National Observatory during 1982–84 failed to discover a satellite companion. In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatories, but the effort came up empty.
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{Reflist|refs=
| title = Numbered Minor Planets 1–5000
| work = Discovery Circumstances
| publisher = IAU Minor Planet center
| url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html
| access-date= 2013-04-07
}}.
| first1 = Donald K.
| last1 = Yeomans
| title = 40 Harmonia
| work = JPL Small-Body Database Browser
| publisher = NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
| url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=40
| access-date= 2013-04-07
}}.
| first1 = Frederick
| last1 = Pilcher
| title = New Lightcurves of 8 Flora, 13 Egeria, 14 Irene, 25 Phocaea 40 Harmonia, 74 Galatea, and 122 Gerda
| work = The Minor Planet Bulletin
| volume = 36
| issue = 4
| pages = 133–136
|date=October 2009
| bibcode = 2009MPBu...36..133P
}}.
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| title = A Search for Satellites and Dust Belts Around Asteroids: Negative Results
| work = Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
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| pages = 405–406
|date=March 1988
| bibcode = 1988LPI....19..405G
}}.
| last1 = Roberts
| first1 = Lewis C. Jr.
| last2 = McAlister
| first2 = Harold A.
| last3 = Hartkopf
| first3 = William I.
| last4 = Franz
| first4 = Otto G.
| display-authors = 1
| title = A Speckle Interferometric Survey for Asteroid Duplicity
| work = Astronomical Journal
| volume = 110
| pages = 2463–2468
|date=November 1995
| doi = 10.1086/117704
| bibcode = 1995AJ....110.2463R
}}.
| last1 = Hiroi
| first1 = T.
| last2 = Bell
| first2 = J. F.
| last3 = Takeda
| first3 = H.
| last4 = Pieters
| first4 = C. M.
| display-authors = 1
| title = Modeling of S-type asteroid spectra using primitive achondrites and iron meteorites
| work = Icarus
| volume = 102
| issue = 1
| pages = 107–116
|date=March 1993
| doi = 10.1006/icar.1993.1036
| bibcode = 1993Icar..102..107H
}}.
| title=Asteroid Data Archive
| access-date= 2008-11-03
| publisher=Planetary Science Institute
| url=http://www.psi.edu/pds/archive/astdata04/simps04/diamalb.tab
| archive-url=https://archive.today/20060623213811/http://www.psi.edu/pds/archive/astdata04/simps04/diamalb.tab
| archive-date=2006-06-23
}}.
|last=Fienga |first=A.
|last2=Avdellidou |first2=C.
|last3=Hanuš |first3=J.
|date=February 2020
|title=Asteroid masses obtained with INPOP planetary ephemerides
|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/492/1/589/5658701
|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
|volume=492
|issue=1
|doi=10.1093/mnras/stz3407
|doi-access=free}}
}}
External links
- {{AstDys|40}}
- {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator|39 Laetitia|number=40|41 Daphne}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:000040}}
Category:S-type asteroids (SMASS)