449 Hamburga
{{Short description|Carbonaceous asteroid}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 449 Hamburga
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovered = 31 October 1899
| discoverer = M. F. Wolf
A. Schwassmann
| discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs.
| mpc_name = (449) Hamburga
| alt_names = 1899 EU{{·}}1947 OA
1948 TO{{·}}A901 EA
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|h|æ|m|'|b|ɜːr|g|ə}}
| named_after = Hamburg
{{small|(German city)}}
| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(middle)}}
background
| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 117.91 yr (43,066 days)
| aphelion = 2.9931 AU
| perihelion = 2.1097 AU
| semimajor = 2.5514 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1731
| period = 4.08 yr (1,489 days)
| mean_anomaly = 228.86°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2418|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 3.0847°
| asc_node = 85.923°
| arg_peri = 47.281°
| dimensions = {{val|55.09|14.25}} km
{{val|63.61|0.75}} km
66.76 ± 4.82 km
{{val|77.90|22.29}} km
{{val|80.83|17.91}} km
{{val|85.59|1.9}} km
| mass = {{val|1.57|1.40|e=18|ul=kg}}
| rotation = {{val|18.145|0.005}} h
{{val|18.263|0.004}} h
| albedo = {{val|0.03|0.02}}
{{val|0.033|0.009}}
{{val|0.0393|0.002}}
{{val|0.07|0.02}}
{{val|0.072|0.002}}
| spectral_type = Tholen = C {{·}}C
B–V = 0.701
U–B = 0.378
| abs_magnitude = {{val|9.43|0.01}}{{·}}9.47{{·}}9.79{{·}}{{val|9.79|0.07}}{{·}}9.80
}}
449 Hamburga is a carbonaceous asteroid from the background population of the intermediate asteroid belt, approximately 75 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomers Max Wolf and Friedrich Schwassmann at Heidelberg Observatory on 31 October 1899, and later named after the city of Hamburg in Germany.
449 was a proposed target for the 1980s-1990s space probe mission proposal CRAF.
Description
Hamburga is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material. It is named for the city of Hamburg in Germany. The name was announced in 1901 during a festival held by the Mathematical Society of Hamburg.
449 Hamburga was identified as one of three asteroids that were likely to be a parent body for chondrites along with 304 Olga and 335 Roberta.[https://books.google.com/books?id=kJDvAAAAMAAJ&q=%22449+Hamburga%22 Lunar and planetary science: abstracts of papers submitted to the ... Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Volume 27, Part 1 - Lunar and Planetary Institute, 1 January 1996] All three asteroids were known to have low-albedo (not reflect as much light) and be close to "meteorite producing resonances". Chrondrites are the most common type of meteor found on Earth, accounting for over 80% of all meteors.{{Cite web |url=https://meteorites.asu.edu/meteorites/meteorite-types/stony-meteorites/chondrites |title=ASU - Chondrites |access-date=31 August 2015 |archive-date=22 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622023849/https://meteorites.asu.edu/meteorites/meteorite-types/stony-meteorites/chondrites |url-status=dead }} They are named for the tiny spherical silicate particles that are found inside them (those particles are called chondrules).
Proposed spacecraft visit
In the 1980s and 1990s, NASA considered a spacecraft mission to the asteroid.{{Cite web |url=http://www.statesman.com/news/news/mars-rover-curiositys-other-mission-publicity-mach/nTTXz/ |title=Mars rover Curiosity's other mission: publicity machine - 5 December 2012 |access-date=16 December 2012 |archive-date=15 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115152226/http://www.statesman.com/news/news/mars-rover-curiositys-other-mission-publicity-mach/nTTXz/ |url-status=dead }} The mission plan called for a launch in 1995 and a flyby of Hamburga in early 1998. The McDonald's chain of restaurants expressed an interest in sponsoring the mission, due to the accidental similarity of the asteroid's name to the food item "hamburger", which was discussed in exploratory meetings between themselves and NASA.[https://books.google.com/books?id=SREACQAAQBAJ&dq=449+Hamburga+nasa&pg=PA207 Transactions of the International Astronomical Union: Proceedings of the ... edited by Derek McNally] (Google Books link){{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160830-mcdonalds-golden-arches-the-strange-story-of-an-icon|title=The strange story of the world's most famous logo|last=Glancey|first=Jonathan|language=en|access-date=2018-11-12}}
In August 1988 in the United States' city of Baltimore, P. Weissman addressed the International Astronomical Union on a mission to this asteroid (449), a mission which also include a rendezvous with Comet Kopf.[https://books.google.com/books?id=SREACQAAQBAJ&dq=449+Hamburga+nasa&pg=PA207 Transactions of the International Astronomical Union: Proceedings of the ... edited by Derek McNally] (Google Books link)] See Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby for more on the mission to the comet. This mission can also be compared to Rosetta, which successfully flew by two minor planets and orbited a Comet during its approach to the Sun in the early 21st century. P. Weissman later worked on the Rosetta mission.[https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/Weissman/ Planetary Ices: People] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908034321/http://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/Weissman/ |date=2015-09-08 }}
Study
It was predicted that 449 occulted the star HIP 1424 in July 2013.[http://www.asteroidoccultation.com/2013_07/0707_449_30724.htm Asteroid Occultation Updates] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107083529/http://www.asteroidoccultation.com/2013_07/0707_449_30724.htm |date=2013-01-07 }} Stellar occultations can allow a chord to be calculated.
An asteroid occultation was predicted for 18 Oct 2018 with the magnitude 12 star UCAC4-557-042266.{{Cite web | url=http://www.asteroidoccultation.com/2018_10/1018_449_56890.htm | title=(449) Hamburga / UCAC4-557-042266 event on 2018 Oct 18, 13:40 UT}}
449 Hamburga has been observed to occult 15 stars between 1998 and 2023.
See also
- List of asteroids formerly targeted for spacecraft visitation
- Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby
- 723 Hammonia (also named for the city of Hamburg)
- List of minor planets: 1–1000 (approx. 1801–1923)
References
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|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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External links
- [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html |date=16 December 2017 }})
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
- [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- [https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
- {{AstDys|449}}
- {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |448 Natalie |number=449 |450 Brigitta}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamburga}}
Category:Discoveries by Max Wolf