4T1

4T1 cell line was originally isolated by Fred Miller and colleagues as one of four sublines derived from the 410.4 tumor that was isolated from a single spontaneously arising mammary tumor.{{Cite journal|last1=Aslakson|first1=Cheryl J.|last2=Rak|first2=Janusz W.|last3=Miller|first3=Bonnie E.|last4=Miller|first4=Fred R.|date=1991-02-01|title=Differential influence of organ site on three subpopulations of a single mouse mammary tumor at two distinct steps in metastasis|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910470327|journal=International Journal of Cancer|volume=47|issue=3|pages=466–472|doi=10.1002/ijc.2910470327|pmid=1993557|s2cid=7663566|issn=0020-7136}}

4T1 resembles human metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in lack of the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).{{Cite journal|last1=Schrörs|first1=Barbara|last2=Boegel|first2=Sebastian|last3=Albrecht|first3=Christian|last4=Bukur|first4=Thomas|last5=Bukur|first5=Valesca|last6=Holtsträter|first6=Christoph|last7=Ritzel|first7=Christoph|last8=Manninen|first8=Katja|last9=Tadmor|first9=Arbel D.|last10=Vormehr|first10=Mathias|last11=Sahin|first11=Ugur|date=2020|title=Multi-Omics Characterization of the 4T1 Murine Mammary Gland Tumor Model|journal=Frontiers in Oncology|language=English|volume=10|page=1195|doi=10.3389/fonc.2020.01195|pmid=32793490|pmc=7390911|issn=2234-943X|doi-access=free}} In addition, it was described, that this cell line is poorly immunogenic in mice, which corresponds to the characteristics of human mammary adenocarcinoma and leads to the higher tumorigenicity and invasiveness of this breast cancer model.

To understand the pathogenesis of cancer patients, it is necessary to have model systems that faithfully mimic this condition. The application of a murine cancer cell line, such as 4T1, in a mouse model is of great value for preclinical TNBC studies. The 4T1 cell line is widely used as a syngeneic model for human triple-negative breast cancer, which is responsible for more than 17% of breast cancers diagnosed worldwide each year.{{Cite journal|last1=Anders|first1=Carey K.|last2=Carey|first2=Lisa A.|date=June 2009|title=Biology, Metastatic Patterns, and Treatment of Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer|url= |journal=Clinical Breast Cancer|language=en|volume=9|issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S73–S81|doi=10.3816/CBC.2009.s.008|pmc=2919761|pmid=19596646}} 4T1 cells can be transplanted into the fat pad of the murine mammary gland, where they are highly tumorigenic, invasive, and spontaneously metastasize to distant organs such as the lungs, liver, lymph nodes, brain, and bone.

4T1 cells grow in 37 °C with 95% air and 5% of carbon dioxide ({{chem|CO|2}}). Their average doubling time is 14 hours. The base medium for this cell line is RPMI-1640 Medium with a fetal bovine serum in a final concentration of 10%. 4T1 cells should not be allowed to become 100% confluent. Subculturing at 80% confluence is recommended. For detaching the cells from the surface, rinsing with 0.25% trypsin-0.53mM EDTA solution at room temperature is used. Complete growth medium 95% with DMSO 5% is used as a freezing medium and cells are stored at liquid nitrogen vapor phase temperature.{{Cite web|title=4T1 ATCC CRL-2539 Mus musculus mammary gland This tumor p|url=https://www.lgcstandards-atcc.org/Products/All/CRL-2539.aspx?geo_country=cz#culturemethod|access-date=2020-09-08|website=www.lgcstandards-atcc.org}}

{{Cite web|title=Cellosaurus cell line 4T1 (CVCL_0125)|url=https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0125|access-date=2020-09-10|website=web.expasy.org|language=en-US}}

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• [https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_0125 Cellosaurus entry for 4T1]

Category:Rodent cell lines