5.6×39mm

{{Short description|Ammunition cartridge}}

{{Infobox firearm cartridge

| name = 5.6×39mm

| image = 220Russian.png | image_size = 300px

| caption =

| origin = Soviet Union

| type = Hunting

| service =

| used_by =

| wars =

| designer =

| design_date = 1961

| manufacturer = SAKO & Lapua

| production_date =

| number =

| variants =

| parent = 7.62×39mm

| case_type = Rimless, Bottle-Neck

| bullet = {{convert|.223|in|mm|abbr=on}}М. Блюм. Патроны для промысла // журнал «Охота и охотничье хозяйство», № 5, 1971. стр.30-31{{Cite web |url=https://www.cip-bobp.org/homologation/uploads/tdcc/tab-i/tabical-en-page3.pdf |title=C.I.P. TDCC sheet 5,6 x 39 |access-date=2022-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008233856/https://www.cip-bobp.org/homologation/uploads/tdcc/tab-i/tabical-en-page3.pdf |archive-date=2018-10-08 |url-status=live}}

| land = {{convert|.220|in|mm|abbr=on}}

| neck = .248

| shoulder = .402

| base = .447

| rim_dia = .447

| rim_thick = .059

| case_length = 1.524

| length = 1.917

| case_capacity = 30.1

| rifling =

| primer = Small rifle

| max_pressure = 51000

| max_cup =

| filling =

| filling_weight =

| detonation =

| yield =

| is_SI_ballistics = yes

| bwunit = gram

| bw1 = 3.5

| btype1 = SP

| vel1 = 912.4

| en1 = 1074.6

| bw2 = 3.5

| btype2 = FMJ

| vel2 =

| en2 =

| bw3 = 5.0

| btype3 = SP

| vel3 =

| en3 =

| bw4 =

| btype4 =

| vel4 =

| en4 =

| bw5 =

| btype5 =

| vel5 =

| en5 =

| test_barrel_length =

| balsrc =

}}

The 5.6×39mm, also known in the U.S. as .220 Russian, is a cartridge developed in 1961 for deer hunting in the USSR.{{Cite web |url=http://www.ammo-one.com/220Russian5-6x39mm.html |title=220Russian5-6x39mm AMMO-ONE ammunition collection - The 5.6x39mm or .220 Russian |access-date=2018-09-19 |archive-date=2020-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003183638/http://www.ammo-one.com/220Russian5-6x39mm.html |url-status=dead }} It fires a 5.6mm projectile from necked down 7.62×39mm brass. While it originally re-used 7.62x39 cases, once it became popular enough commercial ammunition started being manufactured, both in the USSR and in Finland.{{Cite web|url=http://www.municion.org/5_6Vostok/5_6Vostok.htm|title=5.6x39 from 7.62x39 Kalashnikov / MUNICION.ORG|date=March 5, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305151316/http://www.municion.org/5_6Vostok/5_6Vostok.htm |archive-date=2014-03-05 }}{{Cite web|url=https://www.6mmbr.com/compcartridges.html|title=Competition Cartridges|website=www.6mmbr.com}} When it was introduced to the United States by SAKO it was stamped .220 Russian. Lapua later changed the designation to .220 Russian for the American market as well.{{Cite web|url=https://hughesprecision.com/product-tag/220-russian/|title=.220 Russian 5.6x39mm Cartridge Archives - Hughes Precision LLC .220 Russian (5.6×39mm) cartridge}}

Soviet 5.6×39mm cartridges were loaded with smokeless powder VT (винтовочный пироксилиновый порох ВТ), as well as Soviet 7.62×54mmR and 9×53mmR hunting cartridges.Вопросы – ответы // журнал «Охота и охотничье хозяйство», № 1, 1994. стр.20-21 It is the parent case for the .22 PPC, 6mm PPC, and the 6.5mm Grendel cartridges.

==Ballistics==

From Wolf.{{Cite web |date= |title=ТПЗ - Охотничьи патроны 5.6x39 A |url=http://www.wolfammo.ru/site.xp/055053.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080615140830/http://www.wolfammo.ru/site.xp/055053.html |archive-date=2008-06-15 |access-date= |website=www.wolfammo.ru}}

class="wikitable hideable" |+ Ballistic data (3.5 gram SP bullet) ! Distance (m) !! 0 !! 50 !! 100 !! 200 !! 300 !! 400 !! 500
Velocity (m/s)	912.4	798.8	694.0	507.7	359.4	290.5	250.3
Energy (J)	1457	1117	843	451	226	148	110