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596 Scheila

{{Short description|Main-belt asteroid}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}

{{Infobox planet

| minorplanet = yes

| background = #D6D6D6

| name = 596 Scheila

| image = 596 Scheila, 5 minute exposure, Dec. 12, 2010.jpg

| image_scale =

| caption = 596 Scheila outbursting as seen in a 5 min photo with a 24" telescope

| discovery_ref =

| discoverer = August Kopff

| discovery_site = Heidelberg Observatory

| discovered = 21 February 1906

| mpc_name = (596) Scheila

| named_after=Sheila

| pronounced={{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|iː|l|ə}}

| mp_category = main-belt
main-belt comet

| orbit_ref =

| epoch = 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)

| uncertainty = 0

| observation_arc = 111.19 yr (40,611 days)

| aphelion = 3.4062 AU

| perihelion = 2.4490 AU

| semimajor = 2.9276 AU

| eccentricity = 0.1635

| period = 5.01 yr (1,830 days)

| mean_anomaly = 21.266°

| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1968|sup=ms}} / day

| inclination = 14.661°

| asc_node = 70.606°

| arg_peri = 175.16°

| dimensions =

| mean_radius = {{val|56.67|1.15}} km (IRAS)

| mass =

| density = 2.0 g/cm3 {{small|(assumed)}}
2.5 g/cm3 {{small|(assumed)}}

| escape_velocity = 60 m/s {{small|(calculated)}}
75 m/s {{small|(calculated)}}

| rotation = {{Convert|15.8480|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}

| albedo = {{val|0.0379|0.002}}

| spectral_type =PCD {{small|(Tholen)}}
T {{small|(SMASSII)}}

| magnitude = 11.67 to 15.32

| abs_magnitude = 8.90

}}

596 Scheila is a main-belt asteroid and main-belt comet{{cite web

|title=Main Belt Comets

|publisher=UCLA, Department of Earth and Space Sciences

|author=David C. Jewitt

|author-link=David C. Jewitt

|url=http://www2.ess.ucla.edu/~jewitt/mbc.html

|access-date=2010-12-15}}

orbiting the Sun. It was discovered on 21 February 1906 by August Kopff from Heidelberg. Kopff named the asteroid after a female English student with whom he was acquainted.{{cite book|last=Schmadel|first=Lutz D.|title=Dictionary of Minor Planet Names|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWrB1jPCa8AC&pg=PA61|year=2003|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-00238-3|page=61}}

Overview

File:596 Scheila Hubble annotated.jpg on 7 December 2010, with visible features marked.]]

File:596 Scheila Swift.jpg's ultraviolet-optical telescope on 15 December 2010]]

On 11 December 2010, Steve Larson of the Catalina Sky Survey detected a comet-like appearance to asteroid Scheila: it displayed a "coma" of about magnitude 13.5.{{cite web

|date=2010-12-12

|title=Comet-like appearance of (596) Scheila

|publisher=Remanzacco Observatory in Italy (blog)

|author=Ernesto Guido

|author2=Giovanni Sostero

|name-list-style=amp

|url=http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2010/12/comet-like-appearance-of-596-scheila.html

|access-date=2010-12-12| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110107081344/http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2010/12/comet-like-appearance-of-596-scheila.html| archive-date= 7 January 2011 | url-status= live}} Inspection of archival Catalina Sky Survey observations showed the activity was triggered between 11 November 2010 and 3 December.{{cite web

|date=2010-12-12

|title=A Comet Masquerading as an Asteroid

|publisher=Simostronomy (blog)

|author=Mike Simonsen

|url=http://simostronomy.blogspot.com/2010/12/comet-masquerading-as-asteroid.html

|access-date=2010-12-12}} Imaging with the 2-meter Faulkes Telescope North revealed a linear tail in the anti-sunward direction and an orbital tail, indicative of larger slower particles.Richard Miles's [https://archive.today/20120719231322/http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/mpml/message/24810 posting on Yahoo minor planet mailing list (MPML)]

When first detected it was unknown what drove the ejecta plumes. Scheila's gravity is too large for electrostatics to launch dust. Cometary outgassing could not be ruled out until detailed spectroscopic observations indicated the absence of gas in Scheila's plumes. Observations by the Hubble Space Telescope and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory's ultraviolet-optical telescope make it most likely that Scheila was impacted at ~5 km/s by a previously unknown asteroid ~35 meters in diameter.{{cite journal

|last=Jewitt |first=David

|author2=Weaver, H.

|author3=Mutcher, M.

|author4=Larson, S.

|author5=Agarwal, J.

|title=Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Main Belt Comet (596) Scheila

|journal=Astrophysical Journal Letters

|volume=733 |issue=1

|pages=L4 |date=2011

|doi=10.1088/2041-8205/733/1/l4

|arxiv=1103.5456

|bibcode = 2011ApJ...733L...4J |s2cid=50809352

}}{{cite journal

|last=Bodewits |first=Dennis

|author2=Kelley, M. S.

|author3=Li, J. -Y.

|author4=Landsman, W. B.

|author5=Besse, S.

|author6=A'Hearn, M. F.

|title=Collisional Excavation of Asteroid (596) Scheila

|journal=Astrophysical Journal Letters

|volume=733 |issue=1

|pages=L3 |date=2011

|doi= 10.1088/2041-8205/733/1/L3

|arxiv=1104.5227 |bibcode= 2011ApJ...733L...3B

|s2cid=54187826

}} Each asteroid the size of Scheila might be hit by an impactor 10–100 meters in diameter approximately every 1000 years, so with 200 asteroids of this size or bigger in the asteroid belt, we can observe a collision as often as every 5 years.

As a consequence of the 2010 impact, the surface spectrum of Scheila changed, from a moderately red T-type spectrum to a more reddish D-type spectrum, showing how "fresh" material weathers over time in space. This is similar to laboratory experiments done on the Tagish Lake meteorite.{{cite journal|doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac415a|title=The Appearance of a "Fresh" Surface on 596 Scheila as a Consequence of the 2010 Impact Event|year=2022|last1=Hasegawa|first1=Sunao|last2=Marsset|first2=Michaël|last3=Demeo|first3=Francesca E.|last4=Bus|first4=Schelte J.|last5=Ishiguro|first5=Masateru|last6=Kuroda|first6=Daisuke|last7=Binzel|first7=Richard P.|last8=Hanuš|first8=Josef|last9=Nakamura|first9=Akiko M.|last10=Yang|first10=Bin|last11=Vernazza|first11=Pierre|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters|volume=924|issue=1|pages=L9|arxiv=2112.04672|bibcode=2022ApJ...924L...9H|s2cid=245005881 |doi-access=free }}

Scheila last came to perihelion on 2022 May 26.

See also

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite web

|type=2010-11-14 last obs

|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 596 Scheila (1906 UA)

|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=596

|access-date=7 May 2016}}

}}

External links

  • [http://remanzacco.blogspot.com/2010/12/comet-like-appearance-of-596-scheila.html Comet-like appearance of (596) Scheila] (Remanzacco Observatory)
  • [http://aartscope.blogspot.com/2010/12/whats-up-with-scheila-596.html What's up with Scheila (596)] (AARTScope Blog)
  • Joseph Brimacombe [https://www.flickr.com/photos/43846774@N02/5258497381/ animation] on flickr
  • [https://www.flickr.com/photos/cbellh47/5253608615/ (596) Scheila 2010-12-12 10:45:39UT] (cbellh47 @ flickr)
  • [http://lh6.ggpht.com/_UAhkOg7WoyM/TQQ9Q1nOEoI/AAAAAAAACjs/Yvl4OfSuRds/s640/596_101212.jpg (596) Scheila by Rolando Ligustri (CAST-Italia)]
  • [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/mpml/message/24760 Comet-like appearance of (596) Scheila]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} ([https://archive.today/20130105094436/http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/mpml/messages MPML] at Yahoo Groups)
  • [http://www.unmannedspaceflight.com/index.php?showtopic=6844 Asteroid 596 Scheila "Outburst"] (Unmanned SpaceFlight)
  • [http://www.cloudynights.com/ubbthreads/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/4246082 asteroid 596 Scheila goes cometary!] (Cloudy Nights)
  • {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20110323122133/http://uanews.org/node/36262 UA Catalina Sky Survey Discovers Possible Extinct Comet]}} (University of Arizona 2010 Dec 21)
  • [http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/asteroid-collision.html NASA's Swift and Hubble Probe Asteroid Collision Debris] (04.28.11)
  • {{cite journal |arxiv=1107.3845|doi=10.1088/2041-8205/737/2/L39|bibcode=2011ApJ...737L..39Y|title=Near-Infrared Observations of Comet-Like Asteroid (596) Scheila|year=2011|last1=Yang|first1=Bin|last2=Hsieh|first2=Henry|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=737|issue=2|pages=L39}}
  • {{cite journal |arxiv=1110.1150|doi=10.1088/2041-8205/741/1/L24|bibcode=2011ApJ...741L..24I|title=Interpretation of (596) Scheila's Triple Dust Tails|year=2011|last1=Ishiguro|first1=Masateru|last2=Hanayama|first2=Hidekazu|last3=Hasegawa|first3=Sunao|last4=Sarugaku|first4=Yuki|last5=Watanabe|first5=Jun-Ichi|last6=Fujiwara|first6=Hideaki|last7=Terada|first7=Hiroshi|last8=Hsieh|first8=Henry H.|last9=Vaubaillon|first9=Jeremie J.|last10=Kawai|first10=Nobuyuki|last11=Yanagisawa|first11=Kenshi|last12=Kuroda|first12=Daisuke|last13=Miyaji|first13=Takeshi|last14=Fukushima|first14=Hideo|last15=Ohta|first15=Kouji|last16=Hamanowa|first16=Hiromi|last17=Kim|first17=Junhan|last18=Pyo|first18=Jeonghyun|last19=Nakamura|first19=Akiko M.|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=741|issue=1|pages=L24}}
  • [http://www.europlanet-eu.org/outreach/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=362&Itemid=41 The cause of asteroid Scheila's outburst] (EPSC-DPS JOINT MEETING 2011 PRESS NOTICE)
  • [http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/pdolc/A596_2005.HTM Lightcurve plot of 596 Scheila], Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2005)
  • {{AstDys|596}}
  • {{JPL small body}}

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000596

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Category:Discoveries by August Kopff

Category:Named minor planets

Category:Small-asteroids collision

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