5th Panzer Army#Normandy

On 17 November 1942, the Stab Nehring staff, assigned to the German general in Rome, was reformed to become the LXXXX Army Corps. This staff was soon repurposed to become the 5th Panzer Army.{{Cite book|last=Tessin|first=Georg|title=Die Landstreitkräfte 71-130|publisher=Biblio Verlag|year=1977|isbn=3764810971|series=Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945|volume=6|location=Osnabrück|pages=110|language=de|chapter=Generalkommando LXXXX. Armeekorps (röm. 90. AK)}}

The 5th Panzer Army was created on 8 December 1942 as a command formation for armoured units forming to defend Tunisia against Allied attacks which threatened, after the success of the Allied Operation Torch landings in Algeria and Morocco. The army fought alongside the Italian First Army as a part of Army Group Afrika. The army capitulated on 13 May 1943, along with its commander Gustav von Vaerst.

The army was reformed on 24 January 1944 as Panzergruppe West ("Panzer Group West"), the armoured reserve for Oberbefehlshaber West. The new army was placed under the command of Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg.{{sfn|Harrison|1951|p=247}} The method of employment of Panzer Group West in the event of an allied invasion was the subject of much controversy, with OB West commander Gerd von Rundstedt and Army Group B commander Erwin Rommel favouring different methods.{{Cite web | url=https://www.feldgrau.com/WW2-German-Command-Tactics | title=German Command and Tactics in the West, 1944| date=4 August 2020}} Rundstedt and Geyr believed that the panzer group should be held in reserve some distance from the front, to counter-attack Allied penetrations. Rommel was convinced that Allied air power and naval artillery would not allow the Germans the freedom to move large formations and so insisted that the panzers should be deployed much closer to the front line.{{sfn|Harrison|1951|pp=249–251}} Adolf Hitler forced an unhappy compromise on the western commanders and refused to allow them to commit the panzer group without his authority. When the Allied invasion of France began on 6 June 1944, Panzer Group West remained immobile; by 8 June, Geyr had been able to rush three panzer divisions northward to defend Caen against British and Canadian forces.{{sfn|Harrison|1951|p=333}} Geyr planned to launch the divisions in a counter-attack that would drive the British and Canadians back into the sea. On 10 June, Geyr was wounded and most of his staff killed when the RAF attacked his headquarters at La Caine. Geyr's tank units managed to limit the British advance for another month but he was relieved of his command on 2 July, after seconding Rundstedt's request that Hitler authorize a strategic withdrawal from Caen. On 2 July he was replaced by Heinrich Eberbach. The panzer group fought against the Allied forces in Normandy, suffering heavy losses and eventually finding many of its divisions trapped in the Falaise Pocket. After the shattered remnants of the panzer group escaped from the pocket at the end of August, it began a retreat towards the German border.

In August 1, 1944, the remaining elements of Panzer Group West were reorganized as the 5th Panzer Army,{{cite web|url=https://eucmh.com/2022/09/23/5-panzer-army-ardennes-preparation-gen-hasso-von-manteuffel/ |title=5.Panzer-Army – Ardennes Preparation (Gen Hasso von Manteuffel) |website=eucmh.com|date=23 September 2022 }} with a combat formation remaining in action under the title Panzer Group Eberbach. After a brief period under the Waffen-SS commander Sepp Dietrich, command of the army passed to Hasso von Manteuffel. The army saw heavy combat on the German border against Allied forces, the panzer divisions suffering heavily from Allied ground attack aircraft. In November the 5th Panzer Army began forming up in the Ardennes, alongside the newly formed 6th SS Panzer Army under Dietrich. Both formations took part in the Battle of the Bulge, the Fifth Panzer Army became the main central force advancing westwards from the pre-existing front lines after the planned schwerpunkt assigned to the Sixth Panzer Army was stopped at the Elsenborn Ridge and the Ambleve Valley. The Fifth Panzer Army suffered heavy losses in battles around Bastogne and in the armour battles around Celles and Dinant, the westernmost points of advance. After the offensive was cancelled, it continued its fighting withdrawal to the German border. In March, it was involved in efforts to eliminate the American bridgehead over the Rhine at the Ludendorff Bridge in Remagen. The 5th Panzer Army was encircled and trapped in the Ruhr Pocket, and surrendered on 17 April 1945.{{sfn|MacDonald|1973|p=370}}

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| order = –

| image =

| military_rank = Generalleutnant

| officeholder = Heinz Ziegler

| officeholder_sort = Ziegler, Heinz

| born_year = 1894

| died_year = 1972

| term_start = 3 December 1942

| term_end = 20 February 1943

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1942|12|03|1943|02|20}}

| acting = y

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order = 1

| image = Jurgen von Arnim.jpg

| military_rank = Generaloberst

| officeholder = Hans-Jürgen von Arnim

| officeholder_sort = Arnim, Hans

| born_year = 1889

| died_year = 1962

| term_start = 20 February 1943

| term_end = 28 February 1943

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1943|02|20|1943|02|28}}

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order = 2

| image = Gustav von Värst (cropped).jpg

| military_rank = General der Panzertruppe

| officeholder = Gustav von Vaerst

| officeholder_sort = Vaerst, Gustav

| born_year = 1894

| died_year = 1975

| term_start = 28 February 1943

| term_end = 9 May 1943

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1943|02|28|1943|05|09}}

}}

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{{Officeholder table

| order = 1

| image = GeyrvonSchweppenburgLondon (cropped).jpg

| military_rank = General der Panzertruppe

| officeholder = Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg

| officeholder_sort = Schweppenburg, Leo

| born_year = 1886

| died_year = 1974

| term_start = 19 November 1943

| term_end = 2 July 1944

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1943|11|19|1944|07|04}}

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order = 2

| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-096-08, Heinrich Eberbach.jpg

| military_rank = General der Panzertruppe

| officeholder = Heinrich Eberbach

| officeholder_sort = Eberbach, Heinrich

| born_year = 1895

| died_year = 1992

| term_start = 4 July 1944

| term_end = 9 August 1944

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1944|07|04|1944|08|09}}

}}

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{{Officeholder table

| order = 1

| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-096-08, Heinrich Eberbach.jpg

| military_rank = General der Panzertruppe

| officeholder = Heinrich Eberbach

| officeholder_sort = Eberbach, Heinrich

| born_year = 1895

| died_year = 1992

| term_start = 10 August 1944

| term_end = 21 August 1944

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1944|08|10|1944|08|21}}

}}

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{{Officeholder table

| order = 1

| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-096-08, Heinrich Eberbach.jpg

| military_rank = General der Panzertruppe

| officeholder = Heinrich Eberbach

| officeholder_sort = Eberbach, Heinrich

| born_year = 1895

| died_year = 1992

| term_start = 2 July 1944

| term_end = 9 August 1944

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1944|07|02|1944|08|09}}

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order = 2

| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J27366, Sepp Dietrich.jpg

| military_rank = SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer

| officeholder = Sepp Dietrich

| officeholder_sort = Dietrich, Sepp

| born_year = 1892

| died_year = 1966

| term_start = 9 August 1944

| term_end = 9 September 1944

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1944|08|09|1944|09|09}}

}}

{{Officeholder table

| order = 3

| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1976-143-21, Hasso von Manteuffel.jpg

| military_rank = General der Panzertruppe

| officeholder = Hasso von Manteuffel

| officeholder_sort = Manteuffel, Hasso

| born_year = 1897

| died_year = 1978

| term_start = 9 September 1944

| term_end = 8 March 1945

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1944|09|09|1945|03|08}}

}}

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| order = 4

| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1981-104-30, Josef Harpe.jpg

| military_rank = Generaloberst

| officeholder = Josef Harpe

| officeholder_sort = Harpe, Josef

| born_year = 1887

| died_year = 1968

| term_start = 8 March 1945

| term_end = 17 April 1945

| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1945|03|08|1945|04|17}}

}}

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As of April 1943.The Army at War:Tunisia HMSO 1944 p.43

• Manteuffel Group
• 334th Infantry Division
• 999th Light Division
• Hermann Goering Division
• 10th Panzer Division
• Italian Superga Infantry Division

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{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book |last=Harrison |first=Gordon A. |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/7-4/7-4_Contents.htm |access-date=1 July 2016 |series=United States Army in World War II: The European Theater of Operations |title=The Cross Channel Attack |issue=Publication 7–4 |edition=online |year=1951 |orig-year=1950 |publisher=Off. of the Chief of Military History, Dep. of the Army |location=Washington, DC |oclc=835823314 |archive-date=26 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226172317/http://www.history.army.mil/books/wwii/7-4/7-4_Contents.htm |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite book |last=MacDonald |first=Charles B. |author-link=Charles B. MacDonald |url=http://history.army.mil/html/books/007/7-9-1/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031213127/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/007/7-9-1/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 31, 2011 |access-date=1 July 2016 |series=United States Army in World War II: The European Theater of Operations |title=The Last Offensive |issue=Publication 7–9 |year=1973 |edition=online |oclc=569757222 }}

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{{Armies of the German Army}}

A

P5

PGWest

Category:Military units and formations established in 1942

Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1945