6mm ARC
{{Short description|American rifle cartridge by Hornady}}
{{Infobox firearm cartridge
| name = 6mm Advanced Rifle Cartridge
| image = Rifle cartridges (l. to r.) .308 Win, 6mm ARC, 300 AAC, .223 Rem.jpg
| alt = Rifle cartridges (l. to r.) .308 Win, 6mm ARC, 300 AAC, .223 Rem
| caption = Left to right; .308 Winchester, 6mm ARC, .300 AAC Blackout, .223 Remington
| origin = United States
| service =
| used_by =
| wars =
| designer =
| design_date =
| manufacturer = Hornady
| production_date = 2020–present
| is_SI_specs = yes
| parent = .220 Russian/6.5mm Grendel
| case_type = Rimless, bottleneck
| bullet = 6.18
| neck = 6.96
| shoulder = 10.924
| base = 11.201
| rim_dia = 11.20
| rim_dia_ref = SAAMI (2020): [https://saami.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/6mm-ARC-Public-Introduction-Rev-2020-07-29.pdf 6mm Advanced Rifle Cartridge [6mm ARC
| rim_thick = 1.5
| rim_thick_ref = [https://www.firearmsnews.com/editorial/new-from-hornady-6mm-arc/376909 Hornady 6mm ARC Cartridge - What You Need to Know]
| case_length = 37.85
| length = 57.40
| case_capacity = 2.20
| case_capacity_ref = {{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
| rifling = 190.5 mm (1:7.50 in)
| primer = Small rifle
| max_pressure = 380.00
| pressure_method = C.I.P.
| max_pressure_ref = [https://bobp.cip-bobp.org/uploads/tdcc/tab-i/6-mm-arc-en.pdf C.I.T DCC C.I.P. 6 mm Advanced Rifle Cartridge]
| max_pressure2 = 358.53
| pressure_method2 = SAAMI
| is_SI_ballistics = yes
| bwunit = gram
| bw1 = 6.67
| btype1 = ELD-X Precision Hunter
| vel1 = 853.44
| en1 = 2429
| bw2 = 6.80
| btype2 = BTHP BLACK
| vel2 = 838.2
| en2 = 2388
| bw3 = 7.00
| btype3 = ELD Match
| vel3 = 838.2
| en3 = 2459
| test_barrel_length = {{cvt|610|mm|in}}
| balsrc = [https://www.hornady.com/6mmarc 6mm ARC - Hornady Manufacturing, Inc]
}}
The 6mm Advanced Rifle Cartridge (6×38mm), or 6mm ARC for short, is a 6 mm (.243) caliber intermediate rifle cartridge introduced by Hornady in 2020, as a low-recoil, high-accuracy long-range cartridge, designed for use in the M16 and M4 platforms at the request of a specialized group within the United States Department of Defense for its multipurpose combat rifle program.{{Cite web|url=https://www.gunsandammo.com/editorial/6mm-arc-cartridge-military-needed-it/458749|title=The 6mm ARC Cartridge: Why the Military Needed It|website=Guns & Ammo|date=March 10, 2022}} When compared to the military 5.56mm NATO platform, 6mm ARC is dimensionally incompatible regarding barrel, bolt and magazine components.
Design and performance
The STANAG magazine-length cartridge was designed for and makes use of 6 mm (.243 in) very-low-drag bullets, which are known for their high ballistic coefficients due to the high sectional density with less drag and better energy retention at extended ranges. This promotes greater terminal characteristics at longer distances without having to shift to a larger, heavier rifle platform than the AR-15. With the release in 2020, Hornady also launched three factory loads with {{cvt|103|,|105|and|108|gr|g}} bullet weights and advertised G1 ballistic coefficients of .512, .530 and .536 respectively.{{Cite web|url=https://www.all4shooters.com/en/shooting/ammunition/hornady-6-mm-arc-new-ar-15-caliber-features/|title=Brand new rifle caliber: 6 mm ARC, Hornady's Advanced Rifle Cartridge!|website=all4shooters.com|date=June 4, 2020}}
The 6mm ARC is a medium-power cartridge comparable to the 6.5mm Grendel, but with better ballistics thanks to the greater muzzle velocity achieved by using lighter 6 mm bullets and enough power to make use of the heavy 6 mm bullets. The 6mm ARC has almost comparable velocities and ballistic performance as the .243 Winchester and 6.5mm Creedmoor, but out of a compact length cartridge that, without having to deal with substantial bolt thrust or breech pressure increase related drawbacks, has less recoil and fits into the standard AR-15 length actions. The ability to use a cartridge with this level of performance in an AR-15 platform and especially with high BC bullets within the constraint of magazine length limitations, make this cartridge an excellent choice for use in an AR-15.{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanrifleman.org/content/review-hornady-6mm-arc/|title=Review: Hornady 6mm ARC|website=American Rifleman|date=October 19, 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanhunter.org/content/behind-the-bullet-6mm-arc/|title=Behind the Bullet: 6mm ARC|website=American Hunter|date=March 18, 2025}}
=SAAMI, C.I.P. and commercial data=
In addition to the above comments, there is some confusion regarding the 6 mm ARC's performance. This is because loading data given in some manuals such as the 11th Edition Hornady Reloading Manual,[https://www.hornady.com/reloading/handbook Hornady 11th Edition Reloading Manual] for example, has two sets of data.
The first set of data is loaded to the SAAMI maximum average pressure (MAP) of 52,000 psi (358.53 MPa), which is stated to be suitable for gas-operated firearms such as the AR-15 platform and its derivatives.{{Cite web|url=https://gununiversity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/6mm-ARC-Saami-Specifications.pdf|title=6mm Advanced Rifle Cartridge|website=Gun University|date=January 20, 2020}}[https://static.hornady.media/site/hornady/files/load-data/6mm-arc-gas-58-105gr-data.pdf Hornady load data 6mm ARC fot gas operated guns (e.g. AR-15’s) with 18-inch barrels]
The second set of data is loaded to a MAP of 62,000 psi (428.48 MPa), which is stated to be for use with bolt action guns such as the CZ 527.[https://static.hornady.media/site/hornady/files/load-data/6mm-arc-bolt.pdf Hornady load data 6mm ARC fot bolt action rifles with 24-inch barrels] The Hornady manual states that this second set of data should not be used in gas-operated firearms.
Due to the lower MAP, the performance of 6mm ARC ammunition loaded to 10,000 psi lower gas-gun pressures will, on average, be less than firearms loaded to bolt action pressures when using the same barrel length. When using shorter barrels, which are common on gas-guns, the difference will be even more pronounced.
For example, the data in the Hornady 11th Edition Manual for an 18 in (457 mm)-barrelled AR-15 platform firearm was on average 200–300 ft/s (60–90 m/s) less than the data for the 24 in (610 mm)-barrelled CZ 527 bolt action rifle.
Reloading data publications from and commercially offered ammunition in C.I.P. member states must comply with C.I.P. procedures, rulings and legislation.[https://bobp.cip-bobp.org/uploads/tdcc/tab-i/6-mm-arc-en.pdf C.I.P. TDCC 6 mm Advanced Rifle Cartridge][https://www.vihtavuori.com/reloading-data-tool-rifle-handgun-cowboy-action-shooting/#/metrics/1/113/-1/-1/-1 Vihtavuori 6mm ARC reload data] According to the official C.I.P. rulings the 6mm ARC can handle up to {{convert|380.00|MPa|psi|abbr=on}} Pmax piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers. This means that 6mm ARC chambered arms in C.I.P. regulated countries are currently (2025) proof tested at {{convert|475.00|MPa|psi|abbr=on}} PE piezo pressure.[https://bobp.cip-bobp.org/uploads/tdcc/tab-i/6-mm-arc-en.pdf C.I.P. TDCC 6 mm Advanced Rifle Cartridge] For small arms ammunition for use in "non-NATO Chamber" weapons, NATO has chosen to conform to the procedures as defined by the current C.I.P. legislation.{{Cite web |url=http://www.dstan.mod.uk/standards/defstans/05/101/01000100.pdf |title=Proof of Ordnance, Munitions, Armour and Explosives, Ministry of Defence Defence Standard 05-101 Part 1 |access-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716024825/http://www.dstan.mod.uk/standards/defstans/05/101/01000100.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-16 |url-status=dead }}
Compatibility with the AR-15
For an ordinary AR-15 rifle chambered for the .223 Remington/5.56mm NATO, a new barrel, magazine and bolt are required to convert to the 6mm ARC.{{Cite web|url=https://gunsamerica.com/digest/hornadys-new-6mm-arc-odin-works-barrels-first-field-tests/|title=Hornady’s NEW 6mm ARC & Odin Work’s Barrels – First Field Tests|website=Guns America|date=June 3, 2020}} The 6mm ARC utilizes the same bolt head size as the 6.5mm Grendel, and 6.5mm Grendel-compatible AR-pattern box magazines have also been used successfully with the 6mm ARC.{{Cite web|url=https://gununiversity.com/6mm-arc-review/|title=6mm ARC Review – Hands-On Testing and Comparisons|website=Gun University|date=June 3, 2020}} The 6mm ARC therefore can also be a suitable chambering for shorter "mini-action" bolt-action rifles, such as the CZ 527 bolt action rifle mentioned previously.
Depending on their case material and bullet weight, dimensionally similar 6.5mm Grendel cartridges weigh {{convert|14.7|to|17.8|g|gr}}. That is significantly more when compared to {{convert|8|to|12|g|gr}} 5.56mm NATO rounds.
The 6mm ARC as parent case
The relatively short, fat cartridge case is used as the parent case for other AR-15 compatible later cartridges, such as:
- 22 ARC (2024) — a necked down 5.56 mm (.223) variant designed for very-low-drag bullets[https://bobp.cip-bobp.org/uploads/tdcc/tab-i/22-arc-en.pdf C.I.P. TDCC 22 Advanced Rifle Cartridge][https://static.hornady.media/site/hornady/files/load-data/22-arc-gas-gun.pdf Hornady load data 22 ARC for gas operated guns (e.g. AR-15’s) with 24-inch barrels][https://static.hornady.media/site/hornady/files/load-data/22-arc-bolt-gun.pdf Hornady load data 22 ARC for bolt action rifles with 24-inch barrels]
- 338 ARC (2025) — a necked up 8.6 mm (.338) (subsonic) variant[https://static.hornady.media/site/hornady/files/load-data/338-ARC.pdf Hornady load data 338 ARC fot bolt action rifles with 16-inch barrels][https://saami.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Public-Introduction-338-ARC-2025-01-27.pdf SAAMI 338 Advanced Rifle Cartridge (338 AEC) drawing]
See also
References
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{{Hornady}}
{{Intermediate cartridges}}
{{7.62×39derivatives}}