78K

{{ill|78K0 Series|de|NEC 78K0-Familie|jp|78K0}} (also known as 78K/0) is a long-running 8-bit single chip microcontroller,

{{cite journal|last1=Hausmann|first1=G.|last2=Gebing|first2=E.|title=The realisation of specific automotive applications with "Full" CAN functionality at "Basic" CAN cost on highly integrated 8-Bit microcontroller of NEC's 78K/0 family.|journal=4th International CAN Conference, ICC.|date=1997|volume=97|pages=4{{hyphen}}02{{endash}}11|url=https://can-cia.org/fileadmin/resources/documents/proceedings/1997_hausmann.pdf|language=en}}

which is the basis of {{ill|78K0S|jp|78K0S}} and 78K0R Series. It contains 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. For 16-bit calculating instructions, it performs ALU operation twice. Each instructions are performed serially without instruction pipelining. It has 16-bit 64K Byte address space. Some variants of 78K0 have affordable and compact type 8-bit R-2R D/A converter, which does not have monotonicity because it is not trimmed for adjustment nor followed by operational amplifier.

In its earlier stage, the Program Memory was one-time PROM (OTP), UV-EPROM, or mask ROM.

Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD78054,78054Y Subseries User's Manual|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u11747e&genre=document}}

But with the times, it became flash memory.

{{cite web|title=NEC launches 14 new 8-bit MCUs for automotive dashboard applications {{!}} EE Times|url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1270518|website=EETimes}}

Renesas official: {{cite book|title=78K0/Dx2 User's Manual: Hardware|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=r01uh0009e&genre=document}}

78K0S Series (also known as 78K/0S) is a low-end version of 78K0.

{{cite book|last1=Suzuki|first1=Tetsuya|title=Google Translate - Introduction site of: Cコンパイラで遊ぶ78K0Sマイコン|trans-title=Play with the C compiler 78K0S microcomputer|date=2007-06-22|publisher=Socym Co,.Ltd.|location=Tokyo, Japan|isbn=9784883375394|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&tl=en&u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.socym.co.jp%2Fbook%2F539|language=ja}}

{{cite book|last1=Skorobogatov|first1=Sergei|title=Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, CHES 2010 |chapter=Flash Memory 'Bumping' Attacks |volume=6225|date=17 August 2010|pages=158–172|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-15031-9_11|isbn=9783642150319|url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-15031-9_11.pdf|publisher=Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg|language=en|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science}}

It has 8× 8-bit registers, but without any banks. In addition, some instructions, such as multiplication and division, are removed from 78K0 instruction set architecture.

Renesas official: {{cite web|title=Difference on 78K0 and 78K0S in 8-bit All Flash microcontrollers.|url=https://en-us.knowledgebase.renesas.com/English_Content/MCUMPU/Basic_Information/Difference_on_78K0_and_78K0S_in_8-bit_All_Flash_microcontrollers.|website=Renesas Electronics - Knowledgebase|date=28 June 2016}}

78K0R Series is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller with 3-stage instruction pipelining.

{{cite book|last1=Kim|first1=Dahoo|last2=Hida|first2=Itaru|last3=Fukuda|first3=Eric S.|last4=Asai|first4=Tetsuya|last5=Motomura|first5=Masato|title=A Study of Transparent On-chip Instruction Cache for NV Microcontrollers|series=The Seventh International Conference on Advances in Circuits, Electronics and Micro-electronics|date=November 2014|pages=26{{endash}}29|issn=2308-426X|isbn=978-1-61208-379-7|citeseerx=10.1.1.676.6935}}

Its instruction set is similar to 78K0 and covers 16- and 8-bit operations. It has 20-bit 1M Byte address space. 75 instructions out of 80 are identical with that of RL78 Family; its successor.

Renesas official: {{cite book|title=Porting guide from 78K0R/FC3 to RL78/F14|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=r01an2639e&genre=document}}

{{rp|20}}

178K0 Series (also known as 178K/0) is a successor of NEC's 17K Family 4-bit microcontroller for DTS (Digital Tuning Systems) and remote controls.

It integrates 17K family's peripheral functions with the 78K0 8-bit CPU core on a chip.

178K0S Series (also known as 178K/0S) is also a successor of 17K Family with the 78K0S CPU core.

78K4 Series (also known as 78K/4) is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller with 16 and 8-bit operations.

{{cite book|title=JPRS Report: Science & technology. Japan|date=1994|publisher=Foreign Broadcast Information Service|page=25|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5Uf6Y2h5z0C&q=The%2078K%2FIV%20has%20upward%20compatibility|quote=
The 78K/IV has upward compatibility regarding the instruction sets of the existing 78K/0, 78K/II and 78K/III. Major features of the 78K/IV are: 1) linear addressing of 16 M bytes, 2) wide operative voltage = 2.7-6.0 V, 3) efficient power management, 4) instruction sets for C compiler. NEC has developed the 1st product “puPD784026 subseries” that has upward-compatible peripheral functions of the 78K/II series.}}

{{cite journal|last1=Ohuchi|first1=Mitsurou|last2=Kawata|first2=Kazuhide|last3=Akiyama|first3=Shin-ichiro|last4=Imamura|first4=Hirohisa|last5=Fukushima|first5=Kiyoshi|last6=Ishizaki|first6=Norihiko|last7=Imamizu|first7=Jun-ichi|last8=Mori|first8=Takehiko|last9=Ono|first9=Hirohihiko|last10=Nakata|first10=Shigeru|title=16ビットシングルチップマイクロコンピュ-タ78K/4シリ-ズ (半導体デバイス)|journal=NEC Technical Journal|date=1994|volume=47|issue=3|pages=122–127|url=https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40004409555|trans-title=16-Bit Single Chip Microcomputer 78K/IV Series.}}

{{cite web|title=NEC: News Release 96/10/30-01|url=http://www.nec.co.jp/press/en/9610/3001.html|website=www.nec.co.jp}}

{{cite web|title=Micro Controller (Data Part)|url=https://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~yuen/204323/mc/data.html#PD784908|website=www.cpe.ku.ac.th}}

It has 16× 8-bit registers ×4 banks, which can be also used for 8× 16-bit registers ×4 banks. Some of these registers can be also used as 24-bit extension for addressing modes. It has 24-bit 16M Byte address space. It has microcode-based operations named Macro Service with interrupt functions.

Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD784908 Subseries Hardware (Preliminary)|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u11787e&genre=document}}

{{rp|§23.8, 560{{endash}}593}}

78K7 Series (also known as 78K/7) is a 32-bit single-chip microcontroller with 32, 16 and 8 bit operations. It has 8× 32-bit registers ×16 banks, which can be also used for 16× 16-bit registers ×16 banks and 16× 8-bit registers ×16 banks. It has microcode-based operations named Macro Service with interrupt functions. It has 24-bit 16M Byte linear address space. It is used for some Quantum Fireball products,{{cite web|last1=Lui|first1=Dr. Gough|title=Salvage: Quantum Fireball 1280Mb AT Hard Drive|url=http://goughlui.com/2013/08/16/salvage-quantum-fireball-1280mb-at-hard-drive/|website=Gough's Tech Zone|date=16 August 2013|at=Phto 2}}{{rp|Photo 2}}

but shortly replaced with V850 Family 32-bit RISC microcontrollers.

78K6 Series (also known as 78K/6) is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller. Its life-time was short, and less variants.

78K1 Series (also known as 78K/1) is an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller. It has 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. 78K1 series is targeted for servo controls of videocassette recorders. μPD78148 sub-series integrates 2 operational amplifiers.

78K3 Series (also known as 78K/3) is a 16-bit single-chip microcontroller with 16 and 8 bit operations. It has 16× 8-bit ×8 banks, which can be also used for 8× 16-bit registers ×8 banks. Its address space is 16-bit 64K Byte. It is developed as high-end series of 78K Family. It has microcode-based operations named Macro Service with interrupt functions.

Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD78334 User's Manual|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u12687e&genre=document}}

{{rp|§13.4, 261{{endash}}280}}

This series is used for hard disk drives, especially Quantum Fireball Series.{{cite web|title=Software repair of hard disks HDD (Google Translate)|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phantom.sannata.ru%2Fforum%2Findex.php%3Ft%3D25382%26p%3D421026|website=www.phantom.sannata.ru|publisher=4X_Pro|language=ru}}

μPD78364 sub-series is used for inverter compressor controls.

Renesas official: {{cite book|title=UPD78366A Hardware|publisher=Renesas Electronics|url=https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u10205e&genre=document}}

It is also used for traction control systems of some cars.

78K2 Series (also known as 78K/2) is an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller. It has 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. It is developed as general purpose series of 78K Family.

87AD Family{{rp|229}} is an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller. It has 8× 8-bit registers ×4 banks. Its instruction set architecture became the basis of 78K.

17K Family{{rp|229}} is a 4-bit single-chip microcontroller, especially dedicated for DTS (Digital Tuning Systems) and remote controls. It has 2 plane of 128× 4-bit register files, and sophisticated fully orthogonal instruction set. This instruction set is completely different from that of 78K Family.

• RL78
• NEC V20
• V850
• Renesas 740
• IEBus

{{reflist|refs}}

• Technical documents
• [https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u12704e&genre=document Application note: 78K/0 Series Basic (I) {{!}} Renesas Electronics]
• [https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u10121e&genre=document Application note: 78K/0 Series Basics(II) {{!}} Renesas Electronics]
• [https://www.renesas.com/en-us/search/keyword-search.html#q=u10182e&genre=document Application note: 78K/0 Series Basic (III) {{!}} Renesas Electronics]
• Web sites
• [https://www.renesas.com/en-us/products/microcontrollers-microprocessors/78k.html 78K Family {{!}} Renesas Electronics]
• [https://www.renesas.com/en-us/products/microcontrollers-microprocessors/78k/softtools.html 78K Family Software & Tools {{!}} Renesas Electronics]
• [http://www.cpushack.com/tag/78k/ CPU of the Day: NEC 78C11 Sample and the 78K family {{!}} The CPU Shack MUseum]
• [http://www.tessera.co.jp/eng/index.html TESSERA TECHNOLOGY, Inc.]

{{Microcontrollers}}

{{NEC Corporation}}

{{Renesas Electronics}}

78K

Category:Renesas microcontrollers