966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}

{{Use American English|date=December 2019}}

{{Infobox military unit

| unit_name= 966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

File:ACC Shield.svg

|image=E-3 Sentry refuels (11088097443).jpg

|image_size=300px

|caption=552d Air Control Wing Boeing E-3 Sentry

|dates=1942–1944; 1944–1945; 1961–1969; 1976–present

|country={{USA}}

|branch={{air force|USA}}

|type=

|role=Airborne command and control training

|size=180 personnel

|command_structure= Air Combat Command

|current_commander= Lt Col Asif Kausar

|garrison= Tinker Air Force Base

|motto= Protection by Professionals (1963-1989)

|battles=China-Burma-India Theater

|decorations=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device
Air Force Meritorious Unit Award
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm

| identification_symbol= 165px

| identification_symbol_label= 966th Airborne Air Control Squadron emblem{{efn|Approved 14 May 1989. Description: Per bend Celeste and Sable a lightning flash issuant from base bendwise throughout Gules fimbriated Or surmounted by an eagle proper and grasping in both feet a telescope Argent garnished Yellow above a wreath of laurel of the last [color mentioned]; all within a diminished bordure of the second [color mentioned]. Significance: The eagle in flight represents the organization, the telescope refers to its aerial long-range detection capabilities, the blue and black background indicate its day and night around-the-clock vigilance, and the red lightning flash alludes to the swiftness, sureness and power of airborne warning and control. The gold laurel branches (wreath) are symbolic of honor, triumph and fame.}}Endicott, p. 904{{cite web |url= https://www.dafhistory.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/433610/966-airborne-air-control-squadron/ |title=Factsheet 966 Airborne Air Control Squadron|date=March 31, 2008|publisher=Air Force Historical Research Agency|access-date=January 4, 2021}}

| identification_symbol_2=165px

| identification_symbol_2_label=966th Airborne Early Warning & Control Squadron emblem{{efn|Approved 14 June 1963. The 1989 revision added a laurel wreath}}

}}

The 966th Airborne Air Control Squadron is an active United States Air Force unit assigned to the 552d Air Control Wing at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma. It operates the Boeing E-3 Sentry Airborne Warning and Control System aircraft conducting training of crews in airborne command and control missions.

The squadron's first predecessor is the 466th Bombardment Squadron which served during World War II as an Operational Training Unit, and later as a Replacement Training Unit. It was inactivated in the spring of 1944 in a general reorganization of Army Air Forces support and training units in the United States.

The second predecessor of the squadron was organized in India as the 166th Liaison Squadron. It provided light transport, observation, and aeromedical evacuation support for Allied forces fighting in Burma. Following V-J Day, it returned to the United States for inactivation.

The 966th Airborne Early Warning and Control Squadron was organized in 1962 to provide seaward radar coverage in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. It also supported Lockheed U-2 Dragon Lady missions over Cuba and NASA rocket recovery. After 1965, it deployed aircrews to Viet Nam and Thailand to provide radar coverage over North Viet Nam. The squadron was inactivated at the end of 1969.

Mission

The squadron is the Boeing E-3 Sentry formal training unit (FTU) for all Airborne Warning and Control System aircrew.{{cite web|url= https://journalrecord.com/tinkertakeoff/2007/05/18/unit-spotlight-on-966th-airborne-air-control-squadron/ |author=Unknown|access-date=8 March 2020|title=Unit Spotlight on 966th Airborne Air Control Squadron|publisher=The Journal Record}}{{dead link|date=January 2021}}{{cite web |url= https://www.dvidshub.net/video/753444/966th-airborne-air-control-squadron-continues-mission-despite-covid-19 |last1=Rangel|first1=2Lt Danny|title=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron Continues Mission Despite COVID-19|date=May 11, 2020|publisher=72nd Air Base Wing Public Affairs|access-date=January 3, 2021}}

It is Air Combat Command's largest flying training unit, training all active duty and Air Force Reserve Command E-3 pilots and mission crew, training approximately 500 initial qualification students every year.{{cite web|url= https://www.usafunithistory.com/PDF/0900/966%20AIRBORNE%20AIR%20CONTROL%20SQ.pdf|publisher=USAF Unit History|access-date=25 August 2024|title=966 Airborne Air Control Squadron|date=18 March 2023}} It provides the combat Air Force with airborne systems and personnel for surveillance, warning and control of strategic, tactical, and special mission forces.{{cite web|url= http://www.552acw.acc.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=8678 |title=Library: Factsheets 552nd Operations Group|date=June 1, 2007|publisher=552nd Air Control Wing Public Affairs|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722180535/http://www.552acw.acc.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=8678 |archive-date=22 July 2011|access-date=January 4, 2021}} It also provides upgrade training to approximately 200 students annually. With its initial and upgrade training for various crew positions it teaches 30 different courses.

In addition to its training mission, the squadron maintains its personnel and equipment in readiness for dispersal and augmentation of tactical forces worldwide.

Organization

The squadron has 180 personnel assigned, not counting trainees.

Until January 2020, the squadron used planes assigned to other squadrons of the 552d Air Control Wing, when it received a dedicated E-3 Sentry.{{cite web |url= https://www.552acw.acc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/2056710/e-3-sentry-aircraft-dedicated-to-the-966th-aacs/ |last1=Mullan|first1=Ron|title=E-3 Sentry aircraft dedicated to the 966th AACS|date=January 14, 2020|publisher=552nd Air Control Wing Public Affairs|access-date=August 25, 2024}} This number had increased to four aircraft by 2023. The squadron also trains with the use of simulators

History

=World War II=

==Bomber training==

Image:B-17 on bomb run.jpg

The first predecessor of the squadron, the 466th Bombardment Squadron was activated on 15 July 1942 at Topeka Army Air Base, Kansas{{efn|Per AFHRA Fact Sheet. However, Maurer states the squadron was activated at Salt Lake City Army Air Base, Utah, and moved to Topeka in August when it began operations.}} as one of the four original squadrons of the 333d Bombardment Group.Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p 572Maurer, Combat Units, pp.213-14Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 573-575 In August, it began operating as an Operational Training Unit (OTU) for Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress units. The OTU program involved the use of an oversized parent unit to provide cadres to "satellite groups" Craven & Cate, Introduction, p. xxxvi The OTU program was patterned after the unit training system of the Royal Air Force. The parent assumed responsibility for satellite unit training and oversaw their expansion with graduates of Army Air Forces Training Command schools to become effective combat units.Goss, p. 74Greer, p. 601 Phase I training concentrated on individual training in crewmember specialties. Phase II training emphasized the coordination for the crew to act as a team. The final phase concentrated on operation as a unit.Greer, p. 606

Later that year, the squadron traded its Flying Fortresses for Consolidated B-24 Liberators.

Image:Maxwell B-24.jpg

In February 1943, the squadron moved to Dalhart Army Air Field, Texas. However, many of the Army Air Forces' bomber units had been activated. With the exception of special programs, like forming Boeing B-29 Superfortress units, training “fillers” for existing units became more important than unit training.Goss, pp. 74-75

The squadron mission changed to becoming a Replacement Training Unit (RTU). RTUs were also oversized units, but their mission was to train individual pilots or aircrews. Craven & Cate, Introduction, p. xxxvi It continued this mission through November 1943.

The AAF was finding that standard military units like the 466th, whose manning was based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were proving not well adapted to the training mission, even more so to the replacement mission. Accordingly, the Army Air Forces adopted a more functional system in which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit.Goss, p. 75 The 466th and other training and support units at Dalhart were disbanded or inactivated on 1 April 1944 and replaced by the 232d AAF Base Unit.{{cite web |url= http://www.airforcehistoryindex.org/data/000/171/294.xml |author=Unknown|title=Abstract, History of Dalhart AAF, Vol. I April 1944|date=|publisher=Air Force History Index|access-date=25 June 2013}} In 1985, the squadron was consolidated with the active 966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron.

==Special operations==

File:Al Finkel Himalayan Snooper.jpg

File:UC-46A Norseman 3rd ACG c1945.jpg

The squadron's second predecessor, the 166th Liaison Squadron, was activated at Burnpur Airfield, India on 3 September 1944,Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 364 when the 1st Air Commando Group reorganized its light plane and light cargo sections into three liaison squadrons.Maurer, Combat Units, p. 19Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 363-64Ravenstein, p. 4 It moved to Yazagyo Airfield, Burma in November 1944 and began operations with its Stinson L-5 Sentinels and Noorduyn C-64 Norseman. It flew aeromedical evacuation missions and provided light transport services for ground forces in Burma until May 1945, when it was withdrawn to Burnpur Airfield.

After V-J Day, the squadron remained in India until October 1945. It returned to the United States and upon arrival at the Port of Embarkation was inactivated at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey on 3 November 1945. In 1985, the squadron was consolidated with the active 966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron.

=Airborne warning and control=

==Operations from Florida==

File:EC-121H Warning Star crew photo, serial number 551262.jpg

In the 1950s, Air Defense Command established the 551st Airborne Early Warning and Control Wing to extend air defense radar coverage and fighter control seaward over the Atlantic beyond the range of shore based radars.Ravenstein, pp. 285-86Ravenstein, p. 286 Once Cuba was no longer a friendly power, similar coverage was extended over the Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters. The 551st Wing began sending crews to McCoy Air Force Base, Florida on temporary duty to provide this coverage.{{cite web|url=http://www.dean-boys.com/966/gold%20digger.htm|last1=Merryman|first1=George|title=966 AEW&C Gold Digger Missions|date=January 2, 2008|publisher=Dean Boys|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030115737/http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=10131|archive-date=30 October 2012|access-date=August 23, 2024|url-status=dead}} The 966th Airborne Early Warning and Control Squadron was organized on 1 February 1962 at McCoy to provide the coverage on a permanent basis. The squadron was equipped with Lockheed EC-121D Warning Stars, which were in the process of being upgraded to EC-121Hs, which were equipped with a data processor that enabled aircraft on station to feed radar data directly to Semi Automatic Ground Environment control centers.{{cite web|url= http://www.dean-boys.com/ec-121.htm |last1=Boys|first1=Dean|title=Lockheed EC-121 Constellation|date=November 22, 2013|publisher=Dean Boys|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170225070626/http://www.dean-boys.com/ec-121.htm |archive-date=February 25, 2017|access-date=August 23, 2024}} Initially, the squadron also operated the Lockheed TC-121 Constellation for training aircrews.

When flying active air defense patrols, the squadron's aircraft came under the operational control of the Montgomery Air Defense Sector. The sector was inactivated in April 1966, and control was exercised by the 32nd Air Division.Cornett & Johnson, pp. 36-38 In addition to its primary active air defense mission, the squadron assisted with antisubmarine patrols and developed weather information in its area of operations. It occasionally supported Strategic Air Command and Military Airlift Command operations. It supported NASA by tracking rocket boosters as they fell back into the ocean after test launches.

Later the squadron added three EC-121Q aircraft, which were used for Operation Gold Digger missions. Gold Digger missions monitored and tracked Lockheed U-2 Dragon Lady photographic reconnaissance missions over Cuba. These missions were flown at very low altitude off the Florida Keys, tracking the path of the U-2 they were supporting. The low altitude permitted the radar signals (the search radar was under the EC-121 fuselage) to "bounce" off the surface of the water and detect the high altitude U-2s.

During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the squadron was reinforced on 20 October 1962 by six EC-121s deployed from the 552d Airborne Early Warning and Control Wing at McClellan Air Force Base, California.NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis, pp. 6-7 Along with the deployment of Navy Grumman WF-2s to Key West Naval Air Station, this enabled the maintenance of three separate airborne warning tracks off southern Florida, rather than the single orbit usually maintained.NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis, pp. 9-10, 12 On 3 December, the forces augmenting the 966th were released and the squadron resumed its normal posture.NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis, p. 26 The squadron was reassigned to the 552d Wing in May 1963.

File:Lockheed EC-121D 552 AEWCW Korat 1968.jpg

Beginning in April 1965, the squadron rotated aircrews to Southeast Asia to support the Big Eye (later College Eye) Task Force. The task force was located at Tan Son Nhut Airport, Viet Nam until 1967, when it moved to Korat Royal Thai Air Force Base, Thailand. Its EC-121Ds provided radar coverage for United States forces over North Viet Nam from orbits flown over Laos and the Gulf of Tonkin.{{cite web|url= http://www.dean-boys.com/552/college_eye_extract_from_the_checo.htm |last1=Boys|first1=Dean|title=College Eye: Extract from the Project CHECO (Contemporary Historical Evaluation of Combat Operations) College Eye Report|date=1 February 1968|publisher=Dean Boys|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170320102414/http://www.dean-boys.com/552/college_eye_extract_from_the_checo.htm |archive-date=March 20, 2017|access-date=August 24, 2024}}

In July 1969, the squadron was returned to the control of the 551st Wing. It was inactivated along with the wing on 31 December 1969.

==Aircrew training==

The 966th was redesignated the 966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron and activated at Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma on 1 May 1976.

The 966th began training aircrews in 1977. For its first two years, a former Boeing WC-135 Constant Phoenix atmospheric sampling aircraft was modified back to C-135C configuration and used as a proficiency training aircraft and for support.{{efn|The plane was later modified back to the WC-135 configuration. Archer.}}{{cite web |url= https://www.key.aero/article/usafs-nuclear-particle-hunter |last1=Archer|first1=Bob|title=The intriguing story of USAF's nuclear particle hunters|date=9 December 2021 |access-date=August 24, 2024}} In addition to its assigned E-3s, the squadron has also operated two civilian Boeing 707s to train flight crews.

In December 1983, academic training was split off from the squadron with the formation of the 552nd Training Squadron, which also serves as the administrative unit for students in initial and upgrade training. It was redesignated the 966th Airborne Air Control Squadron in July 1994, although its mission did not change.

Lineage

; 466th Bombardment Squadron

  • Constituted as the 466th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 9 July 1942

: Activated on 15 July 1942

: Inactivated on 1 April 1944

  • Consolidated with the 166th Liaison Squadron and the 966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron as the 966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron on 19 September 1985

; 166th Liaison Squadron

  • Constituted as the 166th Liaison Squadron (Commando) on 9 August 1944

: Activated on 3 September 1944

: Inactivated on 3 November 1945

  • Consolidated with the 466th Bombardment Squadron and the 966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron as the 966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron on 19 September 1985

966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

  • Constituted as the 966th Airborne Early Warning and Control Squadron and activated on 18 December 1961 (not organized)

: Organized on 1 February 1962

: Inactivated on 31 December 1969

: Redesignated 966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron on 5 May 1976

: Activated on 1 July 1976

  • Consolidated with the 166th Liaison Squadron and the 466th Bombardment Squadron on 19 September 1985

: Redesignated 966th Airborne Air Control Squadron on 1 July 1994

=Assignments=

  • 333d Bombardment Group, 15 July 1942 – 1 April 1944
  • 1st Air Commando Group, 3 September 1944 – 3 November 1945
  • Air Defense Command, 18 December 1961 (not organized)
  • 551st Airborne Early Warning and Control Wing, 1 February 1962
  • 552d Airborne Early Warning and Control Wing, 1 May 1963
  • 551st Airborne Early Warning and Control Wing, 1 July 1969
  • 552d Airborne Early Warning and Control Wing, 15 November-31 December 1969
  • 552d Airborne Warning and Control Wing (later 552d Airborne Warning and Control Division; 552d Airborne Warning and Control Wing; 552d Air Control Wing), 1 July 1976
  • 552d Operations Group, 29 May 1992 Assignments through March 2008 in AFHRA Factsheet, 966 Airborne Air Control Squadron
  • 552d Training Group, c. 17 August 2018 – presentSee {{cite web |url= https://www.552acw.acc.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/2724122/552nd-training-group/ |author=No byline|title=Library: Factsheet 552nd Training Group|date=|publisher=552nd Air Control Wing Public Affairs|access-date=August 25, 2024}} (activation of 552d Training Group).

=Stations=

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-break|width-50%}}

  • Topeka Army Air Base, Kansas, 15 July 1942
  • Dalhart Army Air Field, Texas, 22 February 1943 – 1 April 1944
  • Burnpur Airfield, India, 3 September 1944
  • Yazagyo Airfield, Burma, 13 November 1944
  • Inbaung Airfield, Burma, 12 December 1944
  • Burnpur Airfield, India, 19 December 1944 (detachment operated from Arakan Airfield, Burma, c. 29 December 1944 – 23 January 1945)
  • Sinthe Airfield, Burma, 4 February 1945

{{Col-break|width-50%}}

  • Burnpur Airfield, India, 14 March 1945
  • Ondaw Airfield, Burma, 29 March 1945
  • Meiktila Airfield, Burma, 5 April 1945
  • Toungoo Airfield, Burma, 27 April 1945
  • Burnpur Airfield, India, 14 May – 6 October 1945
  • Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, 1–3 November 1945
  • McCoy Air Force Base, Florida, 1 February 1962 – 31 December 1969
  • Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma, 1 July 1976 – present

{{Col-end}}

=Aircraft=

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}

  • Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress (1942)
  • Consolidated B-24 Liberator (1942–1943)
  • Stinson L-5 Sentinel (1944–1945)
  • Noorduyn C-64 Norseman (1944–1945)
  • Lockheed RC-121 (later EC-121) Warning Star (1963–1969)
  • Lockheed TC-121 Constellation (1962–1963)
  • Boeing C-135 Stratolifter (1977–1979)
  • Boeing E-3 Sentry (1977–present)

{{div col end}}

=Awards and campaigns=

{{unit awards table

|award_image1=AF MUA

|award_name1=Air Force Meritorious Unit Award

|award_date1=1 June 2006 – 31 May 2007

|award_notes1=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

|award_image2=AF MUA

|award_name2=Air Force Meritorious Unit Award

|award_date2=1 June 2020 – 31 May 2021

|award_notes2=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron{{cite web |url= https://access.afpc.af.mil/AwardsDMZNet40/SearchAwards.aspx |last1=|first1=|title=Air Force Personnel Services: Unit Awards|date=|publisher=Air Force Personnel Center|access-date=August 26, 2024}} (search)

|award_image3=AF OUA w/ v

|award_name3=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device

|award_date3=[15 Nov 1969] – 31 Dec 1969

|award_notes3=966th Airborne Early Warning and Control Squadron

|award_image4=AF OUA w/ v

|award_name4=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device

|award_date4=1 June 2002 – 31 May 2003

|award_notes4=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

|award_image5=AF OUA

|award_name5=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date5=1 July 1961 – 30 June 1963

|award_notes5=966th Airborne Early Warning and Control Squadron

|award_image6=AF OUA

|award_name6=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date6=20 October 1962 – 30 November 1962

|award_notes6=966th Airborne Early Warning and Control Squadron

|award_image7=AF OUA

|award_name7=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date7=15 April 1965 – 1 July 1966

|award_notes7=966th Airborne Early Warning and Control Squadron

|award_image8=AF OUA

|award_name8=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date8=2 July 1966 – 1 July 1968

|award_notes8=966th Airborne Early Warning and Control Squadron

|award_image9=AF OUA

|award_name9=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date9=1 July 1977 – 30 June 1978

|award_notes9=966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron

|award_image10=AF OUA

|award_name10=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date10=1 July 1978 – 30 June 1980

|award_notes10=966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron

|award_image11=AF OUA

|award_name11=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date11=1 July 1982 – 30 June 1984

|award_notes11=966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron

|award_image12=AF OUA

|award_name12=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date12=1 May 1985 – 30 April 1987

|award_notes12=966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron

|award_image13=AF OUA

|award_name13=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date13=1 May 1987 – 30 April 1989

|award_notes13=966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron

|award_image14=AF OUA

|award_name14=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date14=1 December 1989 – 1 December 1991

|award_notes14=966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron

|award_image15=AF OUA

|award_name15=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date15=1 April 1992 – 31 March 1994

|award_notes15=966th Airborne Warning and Control Training Squadron

|award_image16=AF OUA

|award_name16=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date16=1 June 1994 – 31 May 1996

|award_notes16=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

|award_image17=AF OUA

|award_name17=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date17=1 June 1996 – 31 May 1998

|award_notes17=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

|award_image18=AF OUA

|award_name18=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date18=1 June 1998 – 31 May 2000

|award_notes18=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

|award_image19=AF OUA

|award_name19=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date19=1 June 2001 – 31 May 2002

|award_notes19=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

|award_image20=AF OUA

|award_name20=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date20=1 June 2003 – 31 May 2004

|award_notes20=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

|award_image21=AF OUA

|award_name21=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date21=1 June 2007 – 31 May 2008

|award_notes21=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

|award_image22=AF OUA

|award_name22=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date22=1 June 2012 – 31 May 2013

|award_notes22=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

|award_image23=AF OUA

|award_name23=Air Force Outstanding Unit Award

|award_date23=1 June 2013 – 31 May 2014

|award_notes23=966th Airborne Air Control Squadron

|award_image24= VGC

|award_name24=Vietnamese Gallantry Cross with Palm

|award_date24=1 April 1966 – 31 December 1969

|award_notes24=966th Airborne Early Warning and Control Squadron

}}

class="wikitable"
style="background:#efefef;"

! Campaign Streamer

! Campaign

! Dates

! Notes

200pxAmerican Theater without inscription15 July 1942–1 April 1944466th Bombardment Squadron
200pxIndia-Burma3 September 1944–28 January 1945166th Liaison Squadron
200pxCentral Burma29 January 1945–15 July 1945166th Liaison Squadron

See also

References

=Notes=

; Explanatory notes

{{Notelist}}

; Citations

{{Reflist|30em}}

=Bibliography=

{{AFHRA}}

  • {{cite book|last1=Cornett|first1=Lloyd H|last2=Johnson|first2=Mildred W.|title=A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946 - 1980|url=http://www.usafpatches.com/pubs/handbookofadcorg.pdf|access-date=March 23, 2012|year=1980|publisher=Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center|location=Peterson AFB, CO|archive-date=13 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213173347/http://www.usafpatches.com/pubs/handbookofadcorg.pdf|url-status=dead}}
  • {{cite book| editor=Craven, Wesley F.|editor2=Cate, James L.|url=http://media.defense.gov/2010/Nov/05/2001329891/-1/-1/0/AFD-101105-019.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220184358/http://media.defense.gov/2010/Nov/05/2001329891/-1/-1/0/AFD-101105-019.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2016 |access-date=December 17, 2016 |title=The Army Air Forces in World War II|volume=VI, Men & Planes|year=1955|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago, IL|oclc=704158| lccn=48003657}}

:* {{cite book|last=Goss|first=William A.| editor=Craven, Wesley F.|editor2=Cate, James L. |url= https://media.defense.gov/2010/Nov/05/2001329890/-1/-1/0/AFD-101105-012.pdf |access-date=December 17, 2016 |title=The Army Air Forces in World War II|volume=VI, Men & Planes|year=1955|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago, IL|oclc=704158| lccn=48003657|chapter=The Organization and its Responsibilities, Chapter 2 The AAF}}

:* {{cite book|last=Greer|first=Thomas H.| editor=Craven, Wesley F.|editor2=Cate, James L.|url= https://media.defense.gov/2010/Nov/05/2001329890/-1/-1/0/AFD-101105-012.pdf |access-date=December 17, 2016 |title=The Army Air Forces in World War II|volume=VI, Men & Planes|year=1955|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago, IL|oclc=704158| lccn=48003657|chapter=Recruitment and Training, Chapter 18 Combat Crew and Unit Training}}

  • {{cite book|last=Endicott|first=Judy G.|title=Active Air Force Wings as of 1 October 1995 and USAF Active Flying, Space, and Missile Squadrons as of 1 October 1995|url= http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/virtual_disk_library/index.cgi/4908883/FID1533/wings_cd.pdf |access-date=July 2, 2014|year=1998 |series= Air Force History and Museums Program|publisher= Office of Air Force History|location= Washington, DC |asin= B000113MB2}}
  • {{cite book|editor=Maurer, Maurer|title=Air Force Combat Units of World War II|orig-year= 1961|url= http://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330256/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-044.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161220180735/http://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330256/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-044.pdf|url-status= dead|archive-date= 20 December 2016|access-date= December 17, 2016|edition=reprint|year=1983|publisher= Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-912799-02-1|lccn=61060979}}
  • {{cite book|editor=Maurer, Maurer|title=Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II|orig-year=1969|url= http://media.defense.gov/2010/Dec/02/2001329899/-1/-1/0/AFD-101202-002.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161220180455/http://media.defense.gov/2010/Dec/02/2001329899/-1/-1/0/AFD-101202-002.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= 20 December 2016 |edition= reprint|year=1982|publisher=Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-405-12194-6|oclc=72556|lccn=70605402}}
  • {{cite book|last=Ravenstein|first=Charles A.|title=Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977|url= https://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330257/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-047.pdf|access-date= December 17, 2016|year=1984|publisher=Office of Air Force History|location=Washington, DC|isbn=0-912799-12-9}}
  • NORAD/CONAD Participation in the Cuban Missile Crisis, Historical Reference Paper No. 8, Directorate of Command History Continental Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, CO , 1 Feb 63 (Top Secret NOFORN declassified 9 March 1996)

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Category:Military units and formations in Oklahoma

966

Category:1942 establishments in Kansas