994 Otthild
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 994 Otthild
| background = #D6D6D6
| image = 994Otthild (Lightcurve Inversion).png
| image_scale =
| caption = Lightcurve-based 3D-model of Otthild
| discoverer = K. Reinmuth
| discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs.
| discovered = 18 March 1923
| mpc_name = (994) Otthild
| alt_names = A923 FB{{·}}1923 NL
1960 KC{{·}}1967 CM
{{mp|1967 EK|1}}{{·}}1923 NL
| pronounced =
| named_after = {{nowrap|Name picked from the almanac}}
Lahrer Hinkender Bote
| mp_category = main-belt{{·}}{{small|(middle)}}
background
| epoch = 27 April 2019 (JD 2458600.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 96.15 yr (35,119 d)
| aphelion = 2.8235 AU
| perihelion = 2.2349 AU
| semimajor = 2.5292 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1164
| period = 4.02 yr (1,469 d)
| mean_anomaly = 156.20°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2450|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 15.411°
| asc_node = 2.3500°
| arg_peri = 342.50°
| mean_diameter = {{plainlist|
| rotation = {{val|5.9473|0.0001|ul=h}}{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot}}
| pole_ecliptic_lat= {{plainlist|
| albedo = {{plainlist|
| spectral_type = {{plainlist|
}}
994 Otthild (prov. designation: {{mp|A923 FB}} or 1923 NL) is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|24|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 18 March 1923, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.95 hours and is rather regular in shape. It was named after a common German female name, unrelated to the discoverer's contemporaries, and taken from the almanac Lahrer Hinkender Bote.
Orbit and classification
Otthild is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 2.2–2.8 AU once every 4 years (1,469 days; semi-major axis of 2.53 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.12 and an inclination of 15° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins on 20 March 1931 at Heidelberg just two days after its official discovery observation.
Naming
This minor planet was named Otthild, after a female name picked from the Lahrer Hinkender Bote, published in Lahr, southern Germany. A Hinkender Bote (lit. "limping messenger") was a very popular almanac, especially in the alemannic-speaking region from the late 17th throughout the early 20th century. The calendar section contains feast days, the dates of important fairs and astronomical ephemerides. For the second of July, the calendar gives "Otto" and "Otthild" as the German analogue for the catholic and protestant feast-days (Mary's Visitation and Otto).
= Reinmuth's ''calendar names'' =
As with 913 Otila, 997 Priska and 1144 Oda, Reinmuth selected names from this calendar due to his many asteroid discoveries that he had trouble thinking of proper names. These names are not related to the discoverer's contemporaries. The author of the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names learned about Reinmuth's source of inspiration from private communications with Dutch astronomer Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, who worked as a young astronomer at Heidelberg.
Physical characteristics
In the Bus–Binzel SMASS classification, Otthild is a common, stony S-type asteroid.
= Rotation period =
In October 2005, a rotational lightcurve of Otthild was obtained from photometric observations by European observers Reiner Stoss, Jaume Nomen, Salvador Sanchez, Raoul Behrend and Laurent Bernasconi. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of {{val|5.9473|0.0001}} hours with a relatively low brightness amplitude of {{val|0.15|0.01}} magnitude ({{small|U=2+}}), which is indicative of a regular shape.{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot}}
= Poles =
A modeled lightcurve gave a concurring sidereal period of 5.94819 hours using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue, the Palomar Transient Factory survey, and individual observers (such as above), as well as sparse-in-time photometry from the NOFS, the Catalina Sky Survey, and the La Palma surveys {{Obscode|950}}. The study also determined two spin axes of (183.0°, −50.0°) and (41.0°, −39.0°) in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β).
= Diameter and albedo =
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Otthild measures ({{val|20.786|1.371}}) kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of ({{val|0.310|0.036}}). The Japanese Akari satellite and the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS determined a somewhat larger diameter of ({{val|24.34|0.61}}) and ({{val|24.42|1.6}}) kilometers with an albedo of ({{val|0.227|0.013}}) and ({{val|0.2247|0.032}}), respectively. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.2136 and a diameter of 24.36 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.36.
Notes
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot|1=[http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/r000994a.png Lightcurve plot (994) Otthild] produced by Reiner Stoss and Laurent Bernasconi. The obtained rotation period was {{convert|0.247804|d|h|abbr=off|sigfig=5}}. Summary figures at [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#000994 Raoul Behrend – Geneva Observatory].}}
}}
References
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|title = 994 Otthild (A923 FB)
|work = Minor Planet Center
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|title = LCDB Data for (994) Otthild
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
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|title = Asteroid 994 Otthild
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=994+Otthild
|access-date = 22 January 2020}}
|title = Asteroid 994 Otthild – Proper Elements
|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=994
|access-date= 22 January 2020}}
}}
External links
- [https://astro.troja.mff.cuni.cz/projects/damit/?q=994 Shape Models of (994) Otthild], DAMIT, Astronomical Institute of the Charles University, Josef Ďurech, Vojtěch Sidorin
- [https://3d-asteroids.space/asteroids/994-Otthild Asteroid (994) Otthild], 3D Asteroid Catalogue
- [https://in-the-sky.org/solarsystem.php?obj=A994 3D Diagram of the orbit of 994 Otthild], in-the-sky.org
- [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/OneAsteroidInfo.php Lightcurve Database Query] (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
- [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
- {{AstDys|994}}
- {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |993 Moultona |number=994 |995 Sternberga}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Otthild}}